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Monkey gland sauce has its origins in South Africa. It has been featured as a restaurant item since the 1930s,^[1] becoming a South African restaurant and fast food staple condiment. It is a thick, sweet and tangy sauce and dark in colour. It is typically served as a topping for grilled steaks or burgers, but is also used as a marinade, a dipping sauce for onion rings and fries, or on roasted potatoes.^[2]

Ingredients

The main components of monkey gland sauce are chutney and tomato sauce – which result in a sweet mixture. Then an addition of onions, vinegar, garlic and Worcestershire sauce, give it a savoury-sweet flavour^[3]

Naming

Despite its name, the sauce does not contain any monkey glands.

There are various theories on the origins of the sauce but the most likely is that it originated with French chefs at the old Carlton Hotel in Johannesburg.^[4] South African diners added sauces such as chutney, tomato sauce, and Worcester sauce to the French dishes before eating it. Thus, the disgruntled chefs combined all the condiments to create a sauce which they named monkey gland sauce. There was speculation at the time that monkey glands could slow down ageing.^[5]

A more outlandish theory is that it was named after Russian-born French scientist, Dr Serge Abrahamovitch Voronoff, who was a regular visitor at the Savoy hotel in London. One of his medical experiments involved grafting monkey testicle tissue onto impotent men as a cure. The hotel renamed his favourite steak dish the "monkey gland steak" when he became famous. Then an ex-Savoy waiter brought it over to South Africa in the 1930s.^[4]

Notes

^ Crushmag (7 September 2021). "The History of Monkey Gland Sauce". Crush Mag Online. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
^ Crushmag (17 June 2021). "The History of Monkey Gland Sauce". Crush Mag Online. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
^ Says, Simon (27 July 2020). "Monkey gland sauce – what is it and where did it come from?". Food24. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
^ ^a ^b Mogeni, Rodah (8 September 2020). "How to make juicy traditional South African monkey gland sauce". Briefly. Retrieved 13 May 2022.
^ "South African Monkey Gland Sauce". 24 July 2017.

References

Gold, Scott (2008). The Shameless Carnivore: A Manifesto for Meat Lovers. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-7679-2922-6.
Pienaar, Heilie (2003). Karan Beef Cookbook. Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-838-1.
Raichlen, Steven (2010). Planet Barbecue!: 309 Recipes, 60 Countries. Workman Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7611-4801-2.
Sellick, Will (2010). The Imperial African Cookery Book: Recipes from English-speaking Africa. Jeppestown Press. ISBN 978-0-9553936-8-6.

This condiment-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This South Africa-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Crushmag (7 September 2021). "The History of Monkey Gland Sauce". Crush Mag Online. Retrieved 4 May 2022.

[2] Crushmag (17 June 2021). "The History of Monkey Gland Sauce". Crush Mag Online. Retrieved 12 July 2021.

[3] Says, Simon (27 July 2020). "Monkey gland sauce – what is it and where did it come from?". Food24. Retrieved 12 July 2021.

[Briefly-4] Mogeni, Rodah (8 September 2020). "How to make juicy traditional South African monkey gland sauce". Briefly. Retrieved 13 May 2022.

[5] "South African Monkey Gland Sauce". 24 July 2017.

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 Despite its name, the sauce does not contain any monkey glands.
-There are various theories on the origins of the sauce but the most likely is that it originated with French chefs at the old Carlton Hotel in Johannesburg.<ref name=Briefly>{{cite web | url=https://briefly.co.za/77277-how-juicy-traditional-south-african-monkey-gland-sauce.html | title=How to make juicy traditional South African monkey gland sauce | publisher=Briefly | first=Rodah | last=Mogeni  | date=8 September 2020 |   accessdate=13 May 2022}}</ref> South African diners added sauces such as chutney, tomato sauce, and Worcester sauce to the French dishes before eating it. Thus, the disgruntled chefs combined all the condiments to create a sauce which they named monkey gland sauce. There was speculation at the time that monkey glands could slow down ageing.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tastyrecipes.sapeople.com/south-african-monkey-gland-sauce/ | title=South African Monkey Gland Sauce | date=24 July 2017 }}</ref>
+There are various theories on the origins of the sauce but the most likely is that it originated with French chefs at the old [[Carlton Hotel (Johannesburg)#First Carlton Hotel|Carlton Hotel]] in Johannesburg.<ref name=Briefly>{{cite web | url=https://briefly.co.za/77277-how-juicy-traditional-south-african-monkey-gland-sauce.html | title=How to make juicy traditional South African monkey gland sauce | publisher=Briefly | first=Rodah | last=Mogeni  | date=8 September 2020 |   accessdate=13 May 2022}}</ref> South African diners added sauces such as chutney, tomato sauce, and Worcester sauce to the French dishes before eating it. Thus, the disgruntled chefs combined all the condiments to create a sauce which they named monkey gland sauce. There was speculation at the time that monkey glands could slow down ageing.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://tastyrecipes.sapeople.com/south-african-monkey-gland-sauce/ | title=South African Monkey Gland Sauce | date=24 July 2017 }}</ref>
 A more outlandish theory is that it was named after Russian-born French scientist, [[Serge Voronoff|Dr Serge Abrahamovitch Voronoff]], who was a regular visitor at the Savoy hotel in London. One of his medical experiments involved grafting monkey testicle tissue onto impotent men as a cure. The hotel renamed his favourite steak dish the "monkey gland steak" when he became famous. Then an ex-Savoy waiter brought it over to South Africa in the 1930s.<ref name=Briefly />
 == See also ==
 * [[Monkey Gland]] – cocktail

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