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The attacks began on May 29, when a [[drive-by shooting]] occurred in front of a federal courthouse in [[Oakland]], resulting in the death of a security officer contracted with the [[Federal Protective Service (United States)|Federal Protective Service]]. Over a week later on June 6, [[Santa Cruz County, California|Santa Cruz County]] sheriff's deputies were shot at and also attacked with [[improvised explosive device]]s; one of them died as a result.
The attacks began on May 29, when a [[drive-by shooting]] occurred in front of a federal courthouse in [[Oakland]], resulting in the death of a security officer contracted with the [[Federal Protective Service (United States)|Federal Protective Service]]. Over a week later on June 6, [[Santa Cruz County, California|Santa Cruz County]] sheriff's deputies were shot at and also attacked with [[improvised explosive device]]s; one of them died as a result.


[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] sergeant Steven Carrillo was arrested soon after the second attack. A second suspect, Robert Justus, surrendered to authorities five days later. The FBI indicated that Carrillo was associated with the [[boogaloo movement]], a loosely organized American [[Far-right politics|far-right]] anti-government [[Extremism|extremist]] movement whose participants say they are preparing for a second American Civil War.<ref name="Charter-Times">{{Cite news|last=Charter|first=David|date=May 16, 2020|title='Boogaloo boys' prepare for next American civil war in Hawaiian shirts|language=en|work=[[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/boogaloo-boys-prepare-for-next-american-civil-war-in-hawaiian-shirts-wsmdmmclm|url-status=live|access-date=May 30, 2020|issn=0140-0460|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528233519/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/boogaloo-boys-prepare-for-next-american-civil-war-in-hawaiian-shirts-wsmdmmclm|archive-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Economist">{{Cite news|date=May 23, 2020|title=Why some protesters in America wear Hawaiian shirts|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/united-states/2020/05/23/why-some-protesters-in-america-wear-hawaiian-shirts|url-status=live|access-date=May 30, 2020|issn=0013-0613|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528120822/https://www.economist.com/united-states/2020/05/23/why-some-protesters-in-america-wear-hawaiian-shirts|archive-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Allam-NPR">{{Cite news|title='Boogaloo' Is The New Far-Right Slang For Civil War|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/01/10/795366630/boogaloo-is-the-new-far-right-slang-for-civil-war|last=Allam|first=Hannah|date=January 10, 2020|website=[[National Public Radio]]|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423033100/https://www.npr.org/2020/01/10/795366630/boogaloo-is-the-new-far-right-slang-for-civil-war|archive-date=April 23, 2020|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> Carrillo used the [[George Floyd protests]] as a cover to attack police officers, according to the FBI.<ref name="NYT"/> A white van owned by Carrillo contained a ballistic vest with a patch bearing boogaloo symbolism. Carrillo is alleged to have written "boog" and the phrase "[[Marvin Heemeyer|I became unreasonable]]" (a popular [[Internet meme|meme]] among boogaloo groups) in his own blood on the hood of a vehicle he hijacked.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Zadrozny|first1=Brandy|author-link1=Brandy Zadrozny|last2=Collins|first2=Ben|last3=Blankstein|first3=Andrew|date=June 11, 2020|title=Man accused in deputy ambush scrawled extremist 'Boogaloo' phrases in blood|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/man-charged-deputy-ambush-scrawled-extremist-boogaloo-phrases-blood-n1230321|access-date=June 16, 2020|website=[[NBC News]]|language=en}}</ref> According to federal authorities, the suspects were motivated by the boogaloo movement's ideology, and allegedly intended to spread its extremist views and start a civil war.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Larson|first=Amy|date=June 17, 2020|title=FBI documents describe motive of Santa Cruz deputy's accused killer and Boogaloo|url=https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/fbi-documents-describe-motive-of-santa-cruz-deputys-accused-killer-and-boogaloo/|accessdate=July 16, 2020|website=KRON4}}</ref>
[[United States Air Force|U.S. Air Force]] sergeant Steven Carrillo was arrested soon after the second attack. A second suspect, Robert Justus, surrendered to authorities five days later. The FBI indicated that Steven Carrillo was associated with the [[boogaloo movement]], a loosely organized American [[Far-right politics|far-right]] anti-government [[Extremism|extremist]] movement whose participants say they are preparing for a second American Civil War.<ref name="Charter-Times">{{Cite news|last=Charter|first=David|date=May 16, 2020|title='Boogaloo boys' prepare for next American civil war in Hawaiian shirts|language=en|work=[[The Times]]|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/boogaloo-boys-prepare-for-next-american-civil-war-in-hawaiian-shirts-wsmdmmclm|url-status=live|access-date=May 30, 2020|issn=0140-0460|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528233519/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/boogaloo-boys-prepare-for-next-american-civil-war-in-hawaiian-shirts-wsmdmmclm|archive-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Economist">{{Cite news|date=May 23, 2020|title=Why some protesters in America wear Hawaiian shirts|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/united-states/2020/05/23/why-some-protesters-in-america-wear-hawaiian-shirts|url-status=live|access-date=May 30, 2020|issn=0013-0613|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200528120822/https://www.economist.com/united-states/2020/05/23/why-some-protesters-in-america-wear-hawaiian-shirts|archive-date=May 28, 2020}}</ref><ref name="Allam-NPR">{{Cite news|title='Boogaloo' Is The New Far-Right Slang For Civil War|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/01/10/795366630/boogaloo-is-the-new-far-right-slang-for-civil-war|last=Allam|first=Hannah|date=January 10, 2020|website=[[National Public Radio]]|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200423033100/https://www.npr.org/2020/01/10/795366630/boogaloo-is-the-new-far-right-slang-for-civil-war|archive-date=April 23, 2020|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> Steven Carrillo used the [[George Floyd protests]] as a cover to attack police officers, according to the FBI.<ref name="NYT"/> A white van owned by Steven Carrillo contained a ballistic vest with a patch bearing boogaloo symbolism. Steven Carrillo is alleged to have written "boog" and the phrase "[[Marvin Heemeyer|I became unreasonable]]" (a popular [[Internet meme|meme]] among boogaloo groups) in his own blood on the hood of a vehicle he hijacked.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Zadrozny|first1=Brandy|author-link1=Brandy Zadrozny|last2=Collins|first2=Ben|last3=Blankstein|first3=Andrew|date=June 11, 2020|title=Man accused in deputy ambush scrawled extremist 'Boogaloo' phrases in blood|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/man-charged-deputy-ambush-scrawled-extremist-boogaloo-phrases-blood-n1230321|access-date=June 16, 2020|website=[[NBC News]]|language=en}}</ref> According to federal authorities, the suspects were motivated by the boogaloo movement's ideology, and allegedly intended to spread its extremist views and start a civil war.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{cite web|last=Larson|first=Amy|date=June 17, 2020|title=FBI documents describe motive of Santa Cruz deputy's accused killer and Boogaloo|url=https://www.kron4.com/news/bay-area/fbi-documents-describe-motive-of-santa-cruz-deputys-accused-killer-and-boogaloo/|accessdate=July 16, 2020|website=KRON4}}</ref>


==Attacks==
==Attacks==


===Oakland shooting===
===Oakland shooting===
At around 9:44&nbsp;pm&nbsp;[[Pacific Time Zone|PDT]] on May 29, 2020, an initially unknown assailant (later identified as Carrillo) fired a rifle out of the sliding door of a white van, striking security personnel stationed outside the [[Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building]] in [[Oakland, California]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=May 30, 2020|title=Update: Security Officers Gunned Down At Oakland Federal Building; DHS Official Calls Gunman 'An Assassin'|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/05/30/george-floyd-officers-gunned-down-at-oakland-federal-building-one-dead-one-wounded/|access-date=2020-06-07|website=CBS SF BayArea|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Nguyen|first=Daisy|date=June 1, 2020|title=Officer killed near California protest identified; Ohio cop shooting was 'intentional', chief says|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/06/01/george-floyd-protests-officer-killed-near-oakland-protest-identified/5308024002/|access-date=June 7, 2020|website=USA Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Serrano |first1=Alejandro |title=Travis air base sergeant charged with murder in killing of Santa Cruz deputy |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/Travis-Air-Force-Base-sergeant-charged-with-15333561.php |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=June 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gartrell |first=Nate |date=2020-06-29 |title=Federal grand jury returns indictment against California men accused of murdering federal officer after meeting on 'Boogaloo' Facebook group |language=en-US |work=[[The Mercury News]] |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/29/federal-grand-jury-returns-indictment-against-ca-men-accused-of-murdering-federal-officer-after-meeting-on-boogaloo-facebook-group/ |access-date=2020-07-26}}</ref> Two [[Triple Canopy]] security officers contracted with the [[Federal Protective Service (United States)|Federal Protective Service]] were shot, resulting in the death of David Patrick Underwood and the serious injury to the other.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Whiting|first=Sam|date=June 1, 2020|title=Federal Protective Service Officer Fatally Shot in Oakland Identified|url=https://www.officer.com/command-hq/news/21140344/federal-protective-service-officer-fatally-shot-in-oakland-identified|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601144246/https://www.officer.com/command-hq/news/21140344/federal-protective-service-officer-fatally-shot-in-oakland-identified|archive-date=June 1, 2020|access-date=June 1, 2020|website=www.officer.com}}</ref> The attack occurred during [[George Floyd protests in the San Francisco Bay Area#Oakland|George Floyd protests in Oakland]], but the two were not related.<ref name="APtoll">{{cite web|first=Lisa Marie |last=Pane|date=June 2, 2020|title=Retired officer, ex-college athlete among victims of unrest|url=https://apnews.com/864cb5c14ba08b4411a16577042d0773|access-date=2020-06-02|website=Associated Press|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Video surveillance later revealed that the van did not have license plates and had been in the area for at least half an hour. A man was seen exiting the driver's seat and walking around for 10 minutes before the attack.<ref name="Mercury"/>
At around 9:44&nbsp;pm&nbsp;[[Pacific Time Zone|PDT]] on May 29, 2020, an initially unknown assailant (later identified as Steven Carrillo) fired a rifle out of the sliding door of a white van, striking security personnel stationed outside the [[Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building]] in [[Oakland, California]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=May 30, 2020|title=Update: Security Officers Gunned Down At Oakland Federal Building; DHS Official Calls Gunman 'An Assassin'|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/05/30/george-floyd-officers-gunned-down-at-oakland-federal-building-one-dead-one-wounded/|access-date=2020-06-07|website=CBS SF BayArea|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Nguyen|first=Daisy|date=June 1, 2020|title=Officer killed near California protest identified; Ohio cop shooting was 'intentional', chief says|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/06/01/george-floyd-protests-officer-killed-near-oakland-protest-identified/5308024002/|access-date=June 7, 2020|website=USA Today|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Serrano |first1=Alejandro |title=Travis air base sergeant charged with murder in killing of Santa Cruz deputy |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/crime/article/Travis-Air-Force-Base-sergeant-charged-with-15333561.php |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=June 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Gartrell |first=Nate |date=2020-06-29 |title=Federal grand jury returns indictment against California men accused of murdering federal officer after meeting on 'Boogaloo' Facebook group |language=en-US |work=[[The Mercury News]] |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/29/federal-grand-jury-returns-indictment-against-ca-men-accused-of-murdering-federal-officer-after-meeting-on-boogaloo-facebook-group/ |access-date=2020-07-26}}</ref> Two [[Triple Canopy]] security officers contracted with the [[Federal Protective Service (United States)|Federal Protective Service]] were shot, resulting in the death of David Patrick Underwood and the serious injury to the other.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Whiting|first=Sam|date=June 1, 2020|title=Federal Protective Service Officer Fatally Shot in Oakland Identified|url=https://www.officer.com/command-hq/news/21140344/federal-protective-service-officer-fatally-shot-in-oakland-identified|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601144246/https://www.officer.com/command-hq/news/21140344/federal-protective-service-officer-fatally-shot-in-oakland-identified|archive-date=June 1, 2020|access-date=June 1, 2020|website=www.officer.com}}</ref> The attack occurred during [[George Floyd protests in the San Francisco Bay Area#Oakland|George Floyd protests in Oakland]], but the two were not related.<ref name="APtoll">{{cite web|first=Lisa Marie |last=Pane|date=June 2, 2020|title=Retired officer, ex-college athlete among victims of unrest|url=https://apnews.com/864cb5c14ba08b4411a16577042d0773|access-date=2020-06-02|website=Associated Press|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0"/> Video surveillance later revealed that the van did not have license plates and had been in the area for at least half an hour. A man was seen exiting the driver's seat and walking around for 10 minutes before the attack.<ref name="Mercury"/>


On October 23, 2020, the U.S. Attorney's Office in the District of Minnesota announced they had filed federal charges against another boogaloo adherent and alleged [[agent provocateur]] who had traveled from Texas to Minneapolis to participate in a George Floyd protest on May 27–28, 2020. In the indictment, he was alleged to have been in contact with Carrillo via text message, and to have texted Carrillo to instruct him to "go for police buildings".<ref name=Hunter/> In response, Carrillo allegedly replied, "I did better lol", which prosecutors believe was a reference to killing Underwood blocks away from the unrelated [[Black Lives Matter]] protest.<ref name=Hunter/><ref>{{Cite news|date=August 28, 2020|title='Boogaloo' Suspect Steven Carrillo Pleads Not Guilty To Fatal Ambush Of Sheriff Sergeant In Santa Cruz Mountains|work=[[CBS]] SF BayArea|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/08/28/alleged-boogaloo-suspect-steven-carrillo-pleads-not-guilty-to-fatal-santa-cruz-mt-ambush/|access-date=October 26, 2020}}</ref> The man also allegedly asked Carrillo for money, saying he needed "to be in the woods for a bit." Carrillo reportedly provided him with $200 via a [[Mobile payment|cash app]].<ref name="Hunter">{{Cite web|last=Mannix|first=Andy|date=October 24, 2020|title=Texas member of Boogaloo Bois charged with opening fire on Minneapolis police precinct during protests over George Floyd|url=https://www.startribune.com/charges-boogaloo-bois-fired-on-mpls-precinct-shouted-justice-for-floyd/572843802/|access-date=October 26, 2020|website=[[Star Tribune]]}}</ref>
On October 23, 2020, the U.S. Attorney's Office in the District of Minnesota announced they had filed federal charges against another boogaloo adherent and alleged [[agent provocateur]] who had traveled from Texas to Minneapolis to participate in a George Floyd protest on May 27–28, 2020. In the indictment, he was alleged to have been in contact with Steven Carrillo via text message, and to have texted Steven Carrillo to instruct him to "go for police buildings".<ref name=Hunter/> In response, Steven Steven Carrillo allegedly replied, "I did better lol", which prosecutors believe was a reference to killing Underwood blocks away from the unrelated [[Black Lives Matter]] protest.<ref name=Hunter/><ref>{{Cite news|date=August 28, 2020|title='Boogaloo' Suspect Steven Carrillo Pleads Not Guilty To Fatal Ambush Of Sheriff Sergeant In Santa Cruz Mountains|work=[[CBS]] SF BayArea|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/08/28/alleged-boogaloo-suspect-steven-carrillo-pleads-not-guilty-to-fatal-santa-cruz-mt-ambush/|access-date=October 26, 2020}}</ref> The man also allegedly asked Steven Carrillo for money, saying he needed "to be in the woods for a bit." Steven Carrillo reportedly provided him with $200 via a [[Mobile payment|cash app]].<ref name="Hunter">{{Cite web|last=Mannix|first=Andy|date=October 24, 2020|title=Texas member of Boogaloo Bois charged with opening fire on Minneapolis police precinct during protests over George Floyd|url=https://www.startribune.com/charges-boogaloo-bois-fired-on-mpls-precinct-shouted-justice-for-floyd/572843802/|access-date=October 26, 2020|website=[[Star Tribune]]}}</ref>


===Ben Lomond attack===
===Ben Lomond attack===
On June 6, 2020, [[Santa Cruz County, California|Santa Cruz County]] Sheriff's Department deputies arrived at Carrillo's residence in [[Ben Lomond, California]], ten miles north of the city of [[Santa Cruz, California|Santa Cruz]]. In response, Carrillo allegedly fired at the deputies with an [[AR-15 style rifle]], seriously injuring one deputy and killing Sheriff Sergeant Damon Gutzwiller.<ref name="Mercury"/><ref name="LA Times"/> Two nearby California Highway Patrol officers responded to the scene, and were met with gunfire, wounding one officer. Deputies and officers were also attacked with improvised explosive devices. During the shootout, Carrillo was hit and fled on foot to a nearby highway where he [[Carjacking|hijacked]] a car.<ref name="LA Times"/> He abandoned the car minutes later.<ref name=":4" /> According to the criminal complaint against him, Carrillo scrawled messages in his own blood on the hijacked car that said "I became unreasonable", "stop the duopoly", and "Boog".<ref name="LA Times"/> Carrillo tried to take another car from where it was parked at a home, but was restrained by the homeowner and another civilian.<ref name=":4" /> Carrillo was arrested in connection with the attack.<ref name="SFC0607">{{cite web|first1= Sam |last1=Whiting |first2=Matthias |last2=Gafni |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Air-Force-sergeant-arrested-in-ambush-of-Santa-15323113.php|title=Air Force sergeant arrested in ambush of Santa Cruz deputy; link to Oakland shooting eyed|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=June 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Bill |last1=Hutchinson |first2=Alex |last2=Stone |first3=Josh |last3=Margolin |first4=Elizabeth |last4=McLaughlin|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/northern-california-sheriffs-deputy-killed-ambush-shooting-bombing/story?id=71119099|title=FBI probes possible link between Air Force sergeant suspected in ambush killing of CA deputy and officer's murder|publisher=ABC News|date=June 7, 2020|accessdate=June 7, 2020}}</ref>
On June 6, 2020, [[Santa Cruz County, California|Santa Cruz County]] Sheriff's Department deputies arrived at Steven Carrillo's residence in [[Ben Lomond, California]], ten miles north of the city of [[Santa Cruz, California|Santa Cruz]]. In response, Steven Carrillo allegedly fired at the deputies with an [[AR-15 style rifle]], seriously injuring one deputy and killing Sheriff Sergeant Damon Gutzwiller.<ref name="Mercury"/><ref name="LA Times"/> Two nearby California Highway Patrol officers responded to the scene, and were met with gunfire, wounding one officer. Deputies and officers were also attacked with improvised explosive devices. During the shootout, Steven Carrillo was hit and fled on foot to a nearby highway where he [[Carjacking|hijacked]] a car.<ref name="LA Times"/> He abandoned the car minutes later.<ref name=":4" /> According to the criminal complaint against him,Steven Carrillo scrawled messages in his own blood on the hijacked car that said "I became unreasonable", "stop the duopoly", and "Boog".<ref name="LA Times"/> Steven Carrillo tried to take another car from where it was parked at a home, but was restrained by the homeowner and another civilian.<ref name=":4" /> Steven Carrillo was arrested in connection with the attack.<ref name="SFC0607">{{cite web|first1= Sam |last1=Whiting |first2=Matthias |last2=Gafni |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Air-Force-sergeant-arrested-in-ambush-of-Santa-15323113.php|title=Air Force sergeant arrested in ambush of Santa Cruz deputy; link to Oakland shooting eyed|work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]|date=June 7, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Bill |last1=Hutchinson |first2=Alex |last2=Stone |first3=Josh |last3=Margolin |first4=Elizabeth |last4=McLaughlin|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/northern-california-sheriffs-deputy-killed-ambush-shooting-bombing/story?id=71119099|title=FBI probes possible link between Air Force sergeant suspected in ambush killing of CA deputy and officer's murder|publisher=ABC News|date=June 7, 2020|accessdate=June 7, 2020}}</ref>


==Perpetrator and accused==
==Perpetrator and accused==
'''Steven Carrillo''' was a 32-year-old Air Force staff sergeant from [[Ben Lomond, California]], who began serving since 2009. He was on active duty at [[Travis Air Force Base]] near Fairfield, California, as an airman in the [[Phoenix Raven]]s program,<ref name="Mercury">{{cite news|last1=Gartrell|first1=Nate|last2=Kelliher|first2=Fiona|date=June 16, 2020|title=Santa Cruz deputy's alleged killer charged with assassinating federal cop in Oakland ambush; authorities link attacks to extremist group that believes civil war looming|work=[[The Mercury News]]|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/16/santa-cruz-deputys-alleged-killer-charged-with-assassinating-federal-cop-in-oakland-ambush/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Deputy killed, 2 other officers injured after being ambushed in Santa Cruz County |url=https://abc7.com/santa-cruz-shooting-ben-lomond-officer-shot-whats-going-on-in/6235628/ |work=ABC7 Los Angeles |date=June 7, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> a special unit tasked with guarding American military personnel and aircraft at unsecure foreign airfields.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |date=June 8, 2020 |title=California Sheriff: Gunman 'Very Intent' on Killing Police |work=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/06/08/us/ap-us-california-officers-shot.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620130627/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/06/08/us/ap-us-california-officers-shot.html |archive-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> He had worked at the base since 2018, though he had served in [[Kuwait]] for four months in 2019.<ref name=":2" /> A former friend of Carrillo's told [[ABC News]] that Carrillo identified as a [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarian]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mendoza |first1=Martha |last2=Dazio |first2=Stefanie |title=Airman may face death penalty in California cop killing |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/airman-face-death-penalty-california-cop-killing-71230928 |work=ABC News |agency=Associated Press |date=June 13, 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
'''Steven Carrillo''' was a 32-year-old Air Force staff sergeant from [[Ben Lomond, California]], who began serving since 2009. He was on active duty at [[Travis Air Force Base]] near Fairfield, California, as an airman in the [[Phoenix Raven]]s program,<ref name="Mercury">{{cite news|last1=Gartrell|first1=Nate|last2=Kelliher|first2=Fiona|date=June 16, 2020|title=Santa Cruz deputy's alleged killer charged with assassinating federal cop in Oakland ambush; authorities link attacks to extremist group that believes civil war looming|work=[[The Mercury News]]|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/16/santa-cruz-deputys-alleged-killer-charged-with-assassinating-federal-cop-in-oakland-ambush/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Deputy killed, 2 other officers injured after being ambushed in Santa Cruz County |url=https://abc7.com/santa-cruz-shooting-ben-lomond-officer-shot-whats-going-on-in/6235628/ |work=ABC7 Los Angeles |date=June 7, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> a special unit tasked with guarding American military personnel and aircraft at unsecure foreign airfields.<ref name="NYT">{{cite news |date=June 8, 2020 |title=California Sheriff: Gunman 'Very Intent' on Killing Police |work=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/06/08/us/ap-us-california-officers-shot.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620130627/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/06/08/us/ap-us-california-officers-shot.html |archive-date=20 June 2020}}</ref> He had worked at the base since 2018, though he had served in [[Kuwait]] for four months in 2019.<ref name=":2" /> A former friend of Steven Carrillo's told [[ABC News]] that Steven Carrillo identified as a [[Libertarianism in the United States|libertarian]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mendoza |first1=Martha |last2=Dazio |first2=Stefanie |title=Airman may face death penalty in California cop killing |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/airman-face-death-penalty-california-cop-killing-71230928 |work=ABC News |agency=Associated Press |date=June 13, 2020 |language=en}}</ref>


'''Robert A. Justus Jr.''' was a 30-year-old man from [[Millbrae, California]].<ref name="LA Times"/>
'''Robert A. Justus Jr.''' was a 30-year-old man from [[Millbrae, California]].<ref name="LA Times"/>


==Investigation==
==Investigation==
By June 2, 2020, investigators believed the attackers were targeting uniformed officers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brekke |first=Dan |last2=Sadiq |first2=Sheraz |last3=Rodriguez |first3=Joe Fitzgerald |last4=Baldassari |first4=Erin |last5=Meline |first5=Gabe |date=June 3, 2020 |title=As Anti-Violence Protests Continue, Oakland Police Call for Information on Officers' Shooting |url=https://www.kqed.org/news/11822469/george-floyd-police-violence-protests-curfew-bay-area |website=KQED}}</ref> An abandoned white van that held firearms, ammunition, and bomb-making equipment contained evidence that led to Carrillo's home in Ben Lomond. A ballistic vest found in the white van bore a patch with the boogaloo symbols of Hawaiian-style print and igloos.<ref name="LA Times" /><ref name="Mercury" /> At his home he opened fire on officers, was shot in the process, fled on foot, and hijacked a nearby car. He was later found and arrested, bleeding from his hip.<ref name="LA Times">{{cite news |last1=Dolan |first1=Maura |last2=Winton |first2=Richard |title=Suspect in killing of 2 Bay Area officers tied to right-wing Boogaloo group, prosecutors allege |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-06-16/suspects-charged-killing-santa-cruz-cop-and-oakland-federal-officer |work=Los Angeles Times |date=June 16, 2020}}</ref> According to an official from the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] (ATF), a homemade machine gun with a silencer was used in the shootings. The weapon was a [[ghost gun|homemade firearm]]<nowiki/> and did not have manufacturer markings.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news|last1=Beer|first1=Tommy|date=June 16, 2020|title=Accused Killer Of California Cops Was Associated With Right-Wing 'Boogaloo Movement'|language=en|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tommybeer/2020/06/16/accused-killer-of-california-cops-was-associated-with-right-wing-boogaloo-movement/}}</ref>
By June 2, 2020, investigators believed the attackers were targeting uniformed officers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brekke |first=Dan |last2=Sadiq |first2=Sheraz |last3=Rodriguez |first3=Joe Fitzgerald |last4=Baldassari |first4=Erin |last5=Meline |first5=Gabe |date=June 3, 2020 |title=As Anti-Violence Protests Continue, Oakland Police Call for Information on Officers' Shooting |url=https://www.kqed.org/news/11822469/george-floyd-police-violence-protests-curfew-bay-area |website=KQED}}</ref> An abandoned white van that held firearms, ammunition, and bomb-making equipment contained evidence that led to Steven Carrillo's home in Ben Lomond. A ballistic vest found in the white van bore a patch with the boogaloo symbols of Hawaiian-style print and igloos.<ref name="LA Times" /><ref name="Mercury" /> At his home he opened fire on officers, was shot in the process, fled on foot, and hijacked a nearby car. He was later found and arrested, bleeding from his hip.<ref name="LA Times">{{cite news |last1=Dolan |first1=Maura |last2=Winton |first2=Richard |title=Suspect in killing of 2 Bay Area officers tied to right-wing Boogaloo group, prosecutors allege |url=https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-06-16/suspects-charged-killing-santa-cruz-cop-and-oakland-federal-officer |work=Los Angeles Times |date=June 16, 2020}}</ref> According to an official from the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] (ATF), a homemade machine gun with a silencer was used in the shootings. The weapon was a [[ghost gun|homemade firearm]]<nowiki/> and did not have manufacturer markings.<ref name="Forbes">{{cite news|last1=Beer|first1=Tommy|date=June 16, 2020|title=Accused Killer Of California Cops Was Associated With Right-Wing 'Boogaloo Movement'|language=en|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/tommybeer/2020/06/16/accused-killer-of-california-cops-was-associated-with-right-wing-boogaloo-movement/}}</ref>


Acting [[United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security|Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security]] [[Ken Cuccinelli]] described the Oakland shooting as an "act of [[domestic terrorism]]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 7, 2020|title=Alleged Santa Cruz Mountain Gunman May Be Connected To Oakland Federal Officer Slaying|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/06/07/steven-carrillo-alleged-santa-cruz-mountain-gunman-may-be-connected-to-oakland-federal-officer-slaying/|access-date=June 18, 2020|website=CBS SF BayArea|language=en-US}}</ref> The FBI announced on June 16 that Steven Carrillo was associated with the [[boogaloo movement]] and that he and Justus had deliberately chosen the night of [[George Floyd protests in California#Bay Area|protests in Oakland]] for cover for the May 29 attack. The FBI agent-in-charge of the investigation stated, "There is no evidence that these men had any intention to join the demonstration in Oakland. They came to Oakland to kill cops." Beforehand, Carrillo posted on Facebook, "Go to the riots and support our own cause. Show them the real targets" and "Use their anger to fuel our fire. Think outside the box. We have mobs of angry people to use to our advantage." The attack took place several blocks from a protest at [[Oakland City Hall]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gartrell|first1=Nate|date=16 June 2020|title=Authorities charge alleged Santa Cruz deputy killer with assassinating federal cop in Oakland, link attacks to Boogaloo movement|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/16/santa-cruz-deputys-alleged-killer-charged-with-assassinating-federal-cop-in-oakland-ambush/|accessdate=17 June 2020|website=[[The Mercury News]]}}</ref> A former friend of Carrillo's told interviewers, "Excessive use of force on unarmed civilians — that was a huge thing for him... It was a mental tipping point for him."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mendoza |first=Martha |last2=Dazio |first2=Stefanie |date=12 June 2020 |title=Airman may face death penalty in California cop killing |url=https://www.startribune.com/airman-may-face-death-penalty-in-california-cop-killing/571230802/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622103616/https://www.startribune.com/airman-may-face-death-penalty-in-california-cop-killing/571230802/ |archive-date=June 22, 2020 |access-date=2020-06-19 |website=Star Tribune}}</ref> The hijacked car had "boog", "I became unreasonable", and "stop the duopoly" written in Carrillo's blood on the vehicle's hood.<ref name="Mercury"/> "I became unreasonable" is a popular phrase in boogaloo memes, and is a quote from [[Marvin Heemeyer]], the perpetrator of the 2004 "Killdozer" rampage in which he demolished several buildings over a zoning dispute.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Harms|first=Cathy|date=June 5, 2004|title=Man who bulldozed through Colo. town is dead|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5139598/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/man-who-bulldozed-through-colo-town-dead/|access-date=June 17, 2020|website=[[MSNBC]]|language=en}}</ref> "Stop the duopoly" is also a popular fixation among boogaloo adherents, referring to the dominance of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic parties]] in American politics.<ref name=":4" />
Acting [[United States Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security|Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security]] [[Ken Cuccinelli]] described the Oakland shooting as an "act of [[domestic terrorism]]".<ref>{{Cite web|date=June 7, 2020|title=Alleged Santa Cruz Mountain Gunman May Be Connected To Oakland Federal Officer Slaying|url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/06/07/steven-carrillo-alleged-santa-cruz-mountain-gunman-may-be-connected-to-oakland-federal-officer-slaying/|access-date=June 18, 2020|website=CBS SF BayArea|language=en-US}}</ref> The FBI announced on June 16 that Steven Carrillo was associated with the [[boogaloo movement]] and that he and Justus had deliberately chosen the night of [[George Floyd protests in California#Bay Area|protests in Oakland]] for cover for the May 29 attack. The FBI agent-in-charge of the investigation stated, "There is no evidence that these men had any intention to join the demonstration in Oakland. They came to Oakland to kill cops." Beforehand,Steven Carrillo posted on Facebook, "Go to the riots and support our own cause. Show them the real targets" and "Use their anger to fuel our fire. Think outside the box. We have mobs of angry people to use to our advantage." The attack took place several blocks from a protest at [[Oakland City Hall]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Gartrell|first1=Nate|date=16 June 2020|title=Authorities charge alleged Santa Cruz deputy killer with assassinating federal cop in Oakland, link attacks to Boogaloo movement|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/06/16/santa-cruz-deputys-alleged-killer-charged-with-assassinating-federal-cop-in-oakland-ambush/|accessdate=17 June 2020|website=[[The Mercury News]]}}</ref> A former friend of Steven Carrillo's told interviewers, "Excessive use of force on unarmed civilians — that was a huge thing for him... It was a mental tipping point for him."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mendoza |first=Martha |last2=Dazio |first2=Stefanie |date=12 June 2020 |title=Airman may face death penalty in California cop killing |url=https://www.startribune.com/airman-may-face-death-penalty-in-california-cop-killing/571230802/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622103616/https://www.startribune.com/airman-may-face-death-penalty-in-california-cop-killing/571230802/ |archive-date=June 22, 2020 |access-date=2020-06-19 |website=Star Tribune}}</ref> The hijacked car had "boog", "I became unreasonable", and "stop the duopoly" written in Steven Carrillo's blood on the vehicle's hood.<ref name="Mercury"/> "I became unreasonable" is a popular phrase in boogaloo memes, and is a quote from [[Marvin Heemeyer]], the perpetrator of the 2004 "Killdozer" rampage in which he demolished several buildings over a zoning dispute.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Harms|first=Cathy|date=June 5, 2004|title=Man who bulldozed through Colo. town is dead|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/5139598/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/man-who-bulldozed-through-colo-town-dead/|access-date=June 17, 2020|website=[[MSNBC]]|language=en}}</ref> "Stop the duopoly" is also a popular fixation among boogaloo adherents, referring to the dominance of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] and [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic parties]] in American politics.<ref name=":4" />


Authorities linked the crimes to the boogaloo movement and said the men used recent demonstrations against racial injustice as a cover to attack law enforcement.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last1=MacFarquhar|first1=Neil|last2=Gibbons-Neff|first2=Thomas|date=June 16, 2020|title=Air Force Sergeant With Ties to Extremist Group Charged in Federal Officer's Death|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/16/us/steven-carrillo-air-force-boogaloo.html|url-status=live|access-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617220913/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/16/us/steven-carrillo-air-force-boogaloo.html|archive-date=June 17, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The FBI agent in charge of the investigation said in a news conference that the suspects did not appear to intend to join the protests, saying, "They came to Oakland to kill cops."<ref name=":16">{{cite news|last1=Mendoza|first1=Martha|last2=Dazio|first2=Stefanie|date=June 9, 2020|title=California Sheriff: Gunman 'Very Intent' on Killing Police|work=[[The Associated Press]]|url=https://apnews.com/9186215f571341b8e344a17402fa73e9|url-status=live|access-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618192905/https://apnews.com/9186215f571341b8e344a17402fa73e9|archive-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref>
Authorities linked the crimes to the boogaloo movement and said the men used recent demonstrations against racial injustice as a cover to attack law enforcement.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last1=MacFarquhar|first1=Neil|last2=Gibbons-Neff|first2=Thomas|date=June 16, 2020|title=Air Force Sergeant With Ties to Extremist Group Charged in Federal Officer's Death|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/16/us/steven-carrillo-air-force-boogaloo.html|url-status=live|access-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617220913/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/16/us/steven-carrillo-air-force-boogaloo.html|archive-date=June 17, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The FBI agent in charge of the investigation said in a news conference that the suspects did not appear to intend to join the protests, saying, "They came to Oakland to kill cops."<ref name=":16">{{cite news|last1=Mendoza|first1=Martha|last2=Dazio|first2=Stefanie|date=June 9, 2020|title=California Sheriff: Gunman 'Very Intent' on Killing Police|work=[[The Associated Press]]|url=https://apnews.com/9186215f571341b8e344a17402fa73e9|url-status=live|access-date=June 18, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618192905/https://apnews.com/9186215f571341b8e344a17402fa73e9|archive-date=June 18, 2020}}</ref>


Using a search warrant, the FBI investigated posts from Carrillo's Facebook account posted between May 28 and 29. One message read, "It's on our coast now, this needs to be nationwide. It's a great opportunity to target the specialty soup bois." (According to the FBI, "soup bois" may refer to federal law enforcement agents.) Another read, "Its kicking off now and if its not kicking off in your hood then start it. Show them the targets."<ref>{{Cite web|title=FBI: Facebook exchange preceded deadly attack on officer|url=https://www.startribune.com/fbi-facebook-exchange-preceded-deadly-attack-on-officer/571300782/|access-date=2020-06-17|website=Star Tribune|archive-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617055014/https://www.startribune.com/fbi-facebook-exchange-preceded-deadly-attack-on-officer/571300782/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Using a search warrant, the FBI investigated posts from Steven Carrillo's Facebook account posted between May 28 and 29. One message read, "It's on our coast now, this needs to be nationwide. It's a great opportunity to target the specialty soup bois." (According to the FBI, "soup bois" may refer to federal law enforcement agents.) Another read, "Its kicking off now and if its not kicking off in your hood then start it. Show them the targets."<ref>{{Cite web|title=FBI: Facebook exchange preceded deadly attack on officer|url=https://www.startribune.com/fbi-facebook-exchange-preceded-deadly-attack-on-officer/571300782/|access-date=2020-06-17|website=Star Tribune|archive-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617055014/https://www.startribune.com/fbi-facebook-exchange-preceded-deadly-attack-on-officer/571300782/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Justus was declared a suspect in the Oakland shooting and placed under FBI surveillance. He turned himself in at the federal building in San Francisco five days after Carrillo's arrest.<ref name="Mercury"/>
Justus was declared a suspect in the Oakland shooting and placed under FBI surveillance. He turned himself in at the federal building in San Francisco five days after Steven Carrillo's arrest.<ref name="Mercury"/>


==Prosecution==
==Prosecution==
===Carrillo's murder prosecution, guilty plea, and sentencing===
===Steven Carrillo's murder prosecution, guilty plea, and sentencing===
Carrillo was charged with 19 felonies, including murder and attempted murder. The charges carried [[lying in wait]] enhancements.<ref name="LA Times" /><ref name="Forbes"/> Carrillo's lawyer said that his client was "left deeply shaken" by the suicide of his wife in 2018<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Blankstein|first1=Andrew|last2=Collins|first2=Ben|date=June 16, 2020|title=Alleged 'Boogaloo' extremist charged in killing of federal officer|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/airman-charged-killing-federal-officer-during-george-floyd-protests-california-n1231187|access-date=June 21, 2020|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> and had experienced a [[traumatic brain injury]] in 2009.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Shepherd|first=Katie|date=June 17, 2020|title=An officer was gunned down. The killer was a 'boogaloo boy' using nearby peaceful protests as cover, feds say.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/17/boogaloo-steven-carrillo/|access-date=June 21, 2020|newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en}}</ref> Federal prosecutors opted not to seek a death sentence.<ref>{{Cite web |last=York |first=Jessica |date=2022-02-01 |title=Death penalty off the table for man accused of killing a federal officer in Oakland |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/02/01/death-penalty-off-the-table-for-steven-carrillos-federal-capital-murder-case/amp/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=The Mercury News |language=en-US}}</ref> On August 27, 2020, Carrillo pleaded not guilty to the murder charge for the sergeant killed in Santa Cruz.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Gartrell|first1=Nate|last2=Ruggiero|first2=Angela|last3=Duran|first3=Doug|date=August 27, 2020|title=Day after RNC mention, Boogaloo-linked ex-Air Force Sgt accused of killing cops stands in court with mask referencing police shootings|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/day-after-being-referenced-at-rnc-boogaloo-linked-ex-air-force-sergeant-pleads-not-guilty-to-murdering-cop|access-date=August 30, 2020|website=The Mercury News|language=en-US}}</ref> During his arraignment, Carrillo wore a face mask with the words "We the people" written in marker, along with initials "[[Black Lives Matter|BLM]]" and "[[George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Kenosha unrest|Kenosha]], [[George Floyd]] and [[Breonna Taylor]]".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gartrell |first1=Nate |last2=Ruggiero |first2=Angela |last3=Duran |first3=Doug |date=August 27, 2020 |title=Day after RNC mention, Boogaloo-linked ex-Air Force Sgt accused of killing cops stands in court with mask referencing police shootings |work=[[The Mercury News]] |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/08/27/day-after-being-referenced-at-rnc-boogaloo-linked-ex-air-force-sergeant-pleads-not-guilty-to-murdering-cop/}}</ref> Preliminary hearings for charges related to the Oakland shooting were slated for December 2020 but postponed to March 2021 because of the ongoing case around the attack in [[Ben Lomond, California|Ben Lomond]], in which a Santa Cruz County deputy sheriff was slain and others were injured.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hartman|first=Melissa|date=December 13, 2020|title=Steven Carrillo and Joseph Keeler preliminary hearings pushed to March|url=https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2020/12/12/steven-carrillo-and-joseph-keeler-preliminary-hearings-pushed-to-march|url-status=live|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=[[Santa Cruz Sentinel]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213000255/https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2020/12/12/steven-carrillo-and-joseph-keeler-preliminary-hearings-pushed-to-march/ |archive-date=December 13, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=DOJ41Years>[https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/steven-carrillo-sentenced-41-years-prison-murder-and-attempted-murder-role-drive Steven Carrillo Sentenced to 41 Years in Prison for Murder and Attempted Murder for Role in Drive-By Shooting at Federal Courthouse in Oakland], U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Florida (June 3, 2022).</ref>
Steven Carrillo was charged with 19 felonies, including murder and attempted murder. The charges carried [[lying in wait]] enhancements.<ref name="LA Times" /><ref name="Forbes"/> Steven Carrillo's lawyer said that his client was "left deeply shaken" by the suicide of his wife in 2018<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Blankstein|first1=Andrew|last2=Collins|first2=Ben|date=June 16, 2020|title=Alleged 'Boogaloo' extremist charged in killing of federal officer|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/airman-charged-killing-federal-officer-during-george-floyd-protests-california-n1231187|access-date=June 21, 2020|website=NBC News|language=en}}</ref> and had experienced a [[traumatic brain injury]] in 2009.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Shepherd|first=Katie|date=June 17, 2020|title=An officer was gunned down. The killer was a 'boogaloo boy' using nearby peaceful protests as cover, feds say.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/17/boogaloo-steven-carrillo/|access-date=June 21, 2020|newspaper=The Washington Post|language=en}}</ref> Federal prosecutors opted not to seek a death sentence.<ref>{{Cite web |last=York |first=Jessica |date=2022-02-01 |title=Death penalty off the table for man accused of killing a federal officer in Oakland |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2022/02/01/death-penalty-off-the-table-for-steven-carrillos-federal-capital-murder-case/amp/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=The Mercury News |language=en-US}}</ref> On August 27, 2020, Steven Carrillo pleaded not guilty to the murder charge for the sergeant killed in Santa Cruz.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Gartrell|first1=Nate|last2=Ruggiero|first2=Angela|last3=Duran|first3=Doug|date=August 27, 2020|title=Day after RNC mention, Boogaloo-linked ex-Air Force Sgt accused of killing cops stands in court with mask referencing police shootings|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/day-after-being-referenced-at-rnc-boogaloo-linked-ex-air-force-sergeant-pleads-not-guilty-to-murdering-cop|access-date=August 30, 2020|website=The Mercury News|language=en-US}}</ref> During his arraignment, Steven Carrillo wore a face mask with the words "We the people" written in marker, along with initials "[[Black Lives Matter|BLM]]" and "[[George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Kenosha unrest|Kenosha]], [[George Floyd]] and [[Breonna Taylor]]".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gartrell |first1=Nate |last2=Ruggiero |first2=Angela |last3=Duran |first3=Doug |date=August 27, 2020 |title=Day after RNC mention, Boogaloo-linked ex-Air Force Sgt accused of killing cops stands in court with mask referencing police shootings |work=[[The Mercury News]] |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/08/27/day-after-being-referenced-at-rnc-boogaloo-linked-ex-air-force-sergeant-pleads-not-guilty-to-murdering-cop/}}</ref> Preliminary hearings for charges related to the Oakland shooting were slated for December 2020 but postponed to March 2021 because of the ongoing case around the attack in [[Ben Lomond, California|Ben Lomond]], in which a Santa Cruz County deputy sheriff was slain and others were injured.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hartman|first=Melissa|date=December 13, 2020|title=Steven Carrillo and Joseph Keeler preliminary hearings pushed to March|url=https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2020/12/12/steven-carrillo-and-joseph-keeler-preliminary-hearings-pushed-to-march|url-status=live|access-date=March 31, 2021|website=[[Santa Cruz Sentinel]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201213000255/https://www.santacruzsentinel.com/2020/12/12/steven-carrillo-and-joseph-keeler-preliminary-hearings-pushed-to-march/ |archive-date=December 13, 2020 }}</ref><ref name=DOJ41Years>[https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/steven-carrillo-sentenced-41-years-prison-murder-and-attempted-murder-role-drive Steven Carrillo Sentenced to 41 Years in Prison for Murder and Attempted Murder for Role in Drive-By Shooting at Federal Courthouse in Oakland], U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Florida (June 3, 2022).</ref>


In February 2022, Carrillo pleaded guilty to killing Underwood and the attempted murder of the other officer. He admitted that he visited Facebook the day before the shooting to ask if anyone was "down to boog", connecting with the man who drove the van from which Carrillo fired 19 rounds from a homemade AR-15.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=2022-02-11|title=Alleged 'boogaloo' member pleads guilty to killing federal guard during 2020 protests|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/02/11/1080311940/alleged-boogaloo-member-pleads-guilty-to-killing-federal-guard-during-2020-prote|access-date=2022-02-13}}</ref> The defense and prosecution agreed to recommend to the court a sentence of 41 years in prison for the drive-by shooting at the Oakland federal courthouse, which was handed down by the court in June 2022.<ref name=DOJ41Years/> On June 28, 2022, Carrillo pleaded guilty to the murder of Damon Gutzwiller. On August 26, 2022, Carrillo was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole for Gutzwiller's murder.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baine |first=Wallace |date=August 26, 2022 |title=Steven Carrillo gets life in 2020 murder of Santa Cruz sheriff's deputy Damon Gutzwiller |work=Lookout Santa Cruz |url=https://lookout.co/santacruz/news/story/2022-08-26/steven-carrillo-sentencing-life-without-parole-murder-sheriffs-deputy-damon-gutzwiller-ben-lomond-boogaloo-bois |access-date=September 7, 2022}}</ref>
In February 2022, Steven Carrillo pleaded guilty to killing Underwood and the attempted murder of the other officer. He admitted that he visited Facebook the day before the shooting to ask if anyone was "down to boog", connecting with the man who drove the van from which Steven Carrillo fired 19 rounds from a homemade AR-15.<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Associated Press|date=2022-02-11|title=Alleged 'boogaloo' member pleads guilty to killing federal guard during 2020 protests|language=en|work=NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/2022/02/11/1080311940/alleged-boogaloo-member-pleads-guilty-to-killing-federal-guard-during-2020-prote|access-date=2022-02-13}}</ref> The defense and prosecution agreed to recommend to the court a sentence of 41 years in prison for the drive-by shooting at the Oakland federal courthouse, which was handed down by the court in June 2022.<ref name=DOJ41Years/> On June 28, 2022, Steven Carrillo pleaded guilty to the murder of Damon Gutzwiller. On August 26, 2022, Steven Carrillo was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole for Gutzwiller's murder.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Baine |first=Wallace |date=August 26, 2022 |title=Steven Carrillo gets life in 2020 murder of Santa Cruz sheriff's deputy Damon Gutzwiller |work=Lookout Santa Cruz |url=https://lookout.co/santacruz/news/story/2022-08-26/steven-carrillo-sentencing-life-without-parole-murder-sheriffs-deputy-damon-gutzwiller-ben-lomond-boogaloo-bois |access-date=September 7, 2022}}</ref>


===Of Justus===
===Of Justus===

Revision as of 18:28, 19 August 2023

2020 boogaloo murders
LocationOakland, California, U.S.
Ben Lomond, California, U.S.
DateOakland shooting: May 29, 2020
Santa Cruz County shootout: June 6, 2020
Attack type
Shooting, bombing, shootout
WeaponsRifle, improvised explosive devices
Deaths2
Injured4 (including one of the suspects)
MotiveAnti-police sentiment, Right-wing extremism
AccusedRobert Justus
ConvictedSteven Carrillo

In late May and early June 2020, two ambush-style attacks occurred against security personnel and law enforcement officers in California. The attacks left two dead and injured three others.

The attacks began on May 29, when a drive-by shooting occurred in front of a federal courthouse in Oakland, resulting in the death of a security officer contracted with the Federal Protective Service. Over a week later on June 6, Santa Cruz County sheriff's deputies were shot at and also attacked with improvised explosive devices; one of them died as a result.

U.S. Air Force sergeant Steven Carrillo was arrested soon after the second attack. A second suspect, Robert Justus, surrendered to authorities five days later. The FBI indicated that Steven Carrillo was associated with the boogaloo movement, a loosely organized American far-right anti-government extremist movement whose participants say they are preparing for a second American Civil War.[1][2][3] Steven Carrillo used the George Floyd protests as a cover to attack police officers, according to the FBI.[4] A white van owned by Steven Carrillo contained a ballistic vest with a patch bearing boogaloo symbolism. Steven Carrillo is alleged to have written "boog" and the phrase "I became unreasonable" (a popular meme among boogaloo groups) in his own blood on the hood of a vehicle he hijacked.[5] According to federal authorities, the suspects were motivated by the boogaloo movement's ideology, and allegedly intended to spread its extremist views and start a civil war.[6][7]

Attacks

Oakland shooting

At around 9:44 pm PDT on May 29, 2020, an initially unknown assailant (later identified as Steven Carrillo) fired a rifle out of the sliding door of a white van, striking security personnel stationed outside the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building in Oakland, California.[8][9][10][11] Two Triple Canopy security officers contracted with the Federal Protective Service were shot, resulting in the death of David Patrick Underwood and the serious injury to the other.[12] The attack occurred during George Floyd protests in Oakland, but the two were not related.[13][9] Video surveillance later revealed that the van did not have license plates and had been in the area for at least half an hour. A man was seen exiting the driver's seat and walking around for 10 minutes before the attack.[14]

On October 23, 2020, the U.S. Attorney's Office in the District of Minnesota announced they had filed federal charges against another boogaloo adherent and alleged agent provocateur who had traveled from Texas to Minneapolis to participate in a George Floyd protest on May 27–28, 2020. In the indictment, he was alleged to have been in contact with Steven Carrillo via text message, and to have texted Steven Carrillo to instruct him to "go for police buildings".[15] In response, Steven Steven Carrillo allegedly replied, "I did better lol", which prosecutors believe was a reference to killing Underwood blocks away from the unrelated Black Lives Matter protest.[15][16] The man also allegedly asked Steven Carrillo for money, saying he needed "to be in the woods for a bit." Steven Carrillo reportedly provided him with $200 via a cash app.[15]

Ben Lomond attack

On June 6, 2020, Santa Cruz County Sheriff's Department deputies arrived at Steven Carrillo's residence in Ben Lomond, California, ten miles north of the city of Santa Cruz. In response, Steven Carrillo allegedly fired at the deputies with an AR-15 style rifle, seriously injuring one deputy and killing Sheriff Sergeant Damon Gutzwiller.[14][17] Two nearby California Highway Patrol officers responded to the scene, and were met with gunfire, wounding one officer. Deputies and officers were also attacked with improvised explosive devices. During the shootout, Steven Carrillo was hit and fled on foot to a nearby highway where he hijacked a car.[17] He abandoned the car minutes later.[18] According to the criminal complaint against him,Steven Carrillo scrawled messages in his own blood on the hijacked car that said "I became unreasonable", "stop the duopoly", and "Boog".[17] Steven Carrillo tried to take another car from where it was parked at a home, but was restrained by the homeowner and another civilian.[18] Steven Carrillo was arrested in connection with the attack.[19][20]

Perpetrator and accused

Steven Carrillo was a 32-year-old Air Force staff sergeant from Ben Lomond, California, who began serving since 2009. He was on active duty at Travis Air Force Base near Fairfield, California, as an airman in the Phoenix Ravens program,[14][21] a special unit tasked with guarding American military personnel and aircraft at unsecure foreign airfields.[4] He had worked at the base since 2018, though he had served in Kuwait for four months in 2019.[6] A former friend of Steven Carrillo's told ABC News that Steven Carrillo identified as a libertarian.[22]

Robert A. Justus Jr. was a 30-year-old man from Millbrae, California.[17]

Investigation

By June 2, 2020, investigators believed the attackers were targeting uniformed officers.[23] An abandoned white van that held firearms, ammunition, and bomb-making equipment contained evidence that led to Steven Carrillo's home in Ben Lomond. A ballistic vest found in the white van bore a patch with the boogaloo symbols of Hawaiian-style print and igloos.[17][14] At his home he opened fire on officers, was shot in the process, fled on foot, and hijacked a nearby car. He was later found and arrested, bleeding from his hip.[17] According to an official from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), a homemade machine gun with a silencer was used in the shootings. The weapon was a homemade firearm and did not have manufacturer markings.[24]

Acting Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Ken Cuccinelli described the Oakland shooting as an "act of domestic terrorism".[25] The FBI announced on June 16 that Steven Carrillo was associated with the boogaloo movement and that he and Justus had deliberately chosen the night of protests in Oakland for cover for the May 29 attack. The FBI agent-in-charge of the investigation stated, "There is no evidence that these men had any intention to join the demonstration in Oakland. They came to Oakland to kill cops." Beforehand,Steven Carrillo posted on Facebook, "Go to the riots and support our own cause. Show them the real targets" and "Use their anger to fuel our fire. Think outside the box. We have mobs of angry people to use to our advantage." The attack took place several blocks from a protest at Oakland City Hall.[26] A former friend of Steven Carrillo's told interviewers, "Excessive use of force on unarmed civilians — that was a huge thing for him... It was a mental tipping point for him."[27] The hijacked car had "boog", "I became unreasonable", and "stop the duopoly" written in Steven Carrillo's blood on the vehicle's hood.[14] "I became unreasonable" is a popular phrase in boogaloo memes, and is a quote from Marvin Heemeyer, the perpetrator of the 2004 "Killdozer" rampage in which he demolished several buildings over a zoning dispute.[28] "Stop the duopoly" is also a popular fixation among boogaloo adherents, referring to the dominance of the Republican and Democratic parties in American politics.[18]

Authorities linked the crimes to the boogaloo movement and said the men used recent demonstrations against racial injustice as a cover to attack law enforcement.[29] The FBI agent in charge of the investigation said in a news conference that the suspects did not appear to intend to join the protests, saying, "They came to Oakland to kill cops."[30]

Using a search warrant, the FBI investigated posts from Steven Carrillo's Facebook account posted between May 28 and 29. One message read, "It's on our coast now, this needs to be nationwide. It's a great opportunity to target the specialty soup bois." (According to the FBI, "soup bois" may refer to federal law enforcement agents.) Another read, "Its kicking off now and if its not kicking off in your hood then start it. Show them the targets."[31]

Justus was declared a suspect in the Oakland shooting and placed under FBI surveillance. He turned himself in at the federal building in San Francisco five days after Steven Carrillo's arrest.[14]

Prosecution

Steven Carrillo's murder prosecution, guilty plea, and sentencing

Steven Carrillo was charged with 19 felonies, including murder and attempted murder. The charges carried lying in wait enhancements.[17][24] Steven Carrillo's lawyer said that his client was "left deeply shaken" by the suicide of his wife in 2018[32] and had experienced a traumatic brain injury in 2009.[6] Federal prosecutors opted not to seek a death sentence.[33] On August 27, 2020, Steven Carrillo pleaded not guilty to the murder charge for the sergeant killed in Santa Cruz.[34] During his arraignment, Steven Carrillo wore a face mask with the words "We the people" written in marker, along with initials "BLM" and "Portland, Kenosha, George Floyd and Breonna Taylor".[35] Preliminary hearings for charges related to the Oakland shooting were slated for December 2020 but postponed to March 2021 because of the ongoing case around the attack in Ben Lomond, in which a Santa Cruz County deputy sheriff was slain and others were injured.[36][37]

In February 2022, Steven Carrillo pleaded guilty to killing Underwood and the attempted murder of the other officer. He admitted that he visited Facebook the day before the shooting to ask if anyone was "down to boog", connecting with the man who drove the van from which Steven Carrillo fired 19 rounds from a homemade AR-15.[38] The defense and prosecution agreed to recommend to the court a sentence of 41 years in prison for the drive-by shooting at the Oakland federal courthouse, which was handed down by the court in June 2022.[37] On June 28, 2022, Steven Carrillo pleaded guilty to the murder of Damon Gutzwiller. On August 26, 2022, Steven Carrillo was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole for Gutzwiller's murder.[39]

Of Justus

Justus is facing charges of aiding and abetting murder and aiding and abetting attempted murder.[14] He pled not guilty to the charges.[18]

Reaction

Several conservative commentators inaccurately linked the shootings to those who were protesting the murder of George Floyd at the time.[40] Media Matters for America, a left-wing organization that monitors right-wing media, characterized right-wing coverage of Underwood's death as an attempt to "discredit the wider Black Lives Matter protests". Fox News anchor Eric Shawn spoke of the George Floyd protests, saying "we have been under attack from domestic terrorists," then reported Underwood's killing. Sean Hannity asserted Underwood was "murdered by rioters".[41] On June 1, then-President Donald Trump repeated the claim in a speech about the protests, saying, "A federal officer in California, an African American enforcement hero, was shot and killed. These are not acts of peaceful protest. These are acts of domestic terror."[40]

During his August 2020 speech at the Republican National Convention, then-Vice President Mike Pence falsely implied that Underwood had been killed by radical leftist activists.[42][43] Rebecca Kaplan, the City Councilmember At-Large for Oakland, California, denounced Pence's statement, saying, "Mr. Underwood's tragic murder was not part of any demonstration, but an act of a violent, armed white supremacist... Pence's lies attempt to discredit important movements for social justice, and to move blame away from violent white supremacist murder."[43]

See also

References

  1. ^ Charter, David (May 16, 2020). "'Boogaloo boys' prepare for next American civil war in Hawaiian shirts". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  2. ^ "Why some protesters in America wear Hawaiian shirts". The Economist. May 23, 2020. ISSN 0013-0613. Archived from the original on May 28, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  3. ^ Allam, Hannah (January 10, 2020). "'Boogaloo' Is The New Far-Right Slang For Civil War". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on April 23, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  4. ^ a b "California Sheriff: Gunman 'Very Intent' on Killing Police". The New York Times. Associated Press. June 8, 2020. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020.
  5. ^ Zadrozny, Brandy; Collins, Ben; Blankstein, Andrew (June 11, 2020). "Man accused in deputy ambush scrawled extremist 'Boogaloo' phrases in blood". NBC News. Retrieved June 16, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Shepherd, Katie (June 17, 2020). "An officer was gunned down. The killer was a 'boogaloo boy' using nearby peaceful protests as cover, feds say". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  7. ^ Larson, Amy (June 17, 2020). "FBI documents describe motive of Santa Cruz deputy's accused killer and Boogaloo". KRON4. Retrieved July 16, 2020.
  8. ^ "Update: Security Officers Gunned Down At Oakland Federal Building; DHS Official Calls Gunman 'An Assassin'". CBS SF BayArea. May 30, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  9. ^ a b Nguyen, Daisy (June 1, 2020). "Officer killed near California protest identified; Ohio cop shooting was 'intentional', chief says". USA Today. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  10. ^ Serrano, Alejandro (June 11, 2020). "Travis air base sergeant charged with murder in killing of Santa Cruz deputy". San Francisco Chronicle.
  11. ^ Gartrell, Nate (June 29, 2020). "Federal grand jury returns indictment against California men accused of murdering federal officer after meeting on 'Boogaloo' Facebook group". The Mercury News. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  12. ^ Whiting, Sam (June 1, 2020). "Federal Protective Service Officer Fatally Shot in Oakland Identified". www.officer.com. Archived from the original on June 1, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  13. ^ Pane, Lisa Marie (June 2, 2020). "Retired officer, ex-college athlete among victims of unrest". Associated Press. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g Gartrell, Nate; Kelliher, Fiona (June 16, 2020). "Santa Cruz deputy's alleged killer charged with assassinating federal cop in Oakland ambush; authorities link attacks to extremist group that believes civil war looming". The Mercury News.
  15. ^ a b c Mannix, Andy (October 24, 2020). "Texas member of Boogaloo Bois charged with opening fire on Minneapolis police precinct during protests over George Floyd". Star Tribune. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  16. ^ "'Boogaloo' Suspect Steven Carrillo Pleads Not Guilty To Fatal Ambush Of Sheriff Sergeant In Santa Cruz Mountains". CBS SF BayArea. August 28, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g Dolan, Maura; Winton, Richard (June 16, 2020). "Suspect in killing of 2 Bay Area officers tied to right-wing Boogaloo group, prosecutors allege". Los Angeles Times.
  18. ^ a b c d Sottile, Leah (August 19, 2020). "Inside the Boogaloo: America's Extremely Online Extremists". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 7, 2020.
  19. ^ Whiting, Sam; Gafni, Matthias (June 7, 2020). "Air Force sergeant arrested in ambush of Santa Cruz deputy; link to Oakland shooting eyed". San Francisco Chronicle.
  20. ^ Hutchinson, Bill; Stone, Alex; Margolin, Josh; McLaughlin, Elizabeth (June 7, 2020). "FBI probes possible link between Air Force sergeant suspected in ambush killing of CA deputy and officer's murder". ABC News. Retrieved June 7, 2020.
  21. ^ "Deputy killed, 2 other officers injured after being ambushed in Santa Cruz County". ABC7 Los Angeles. June 7, 2020.
  22. ^ Mendoza, Martha; Dazio, Stefanie (June 13, 2020). "Airman may face death penalty in California cop killing". ABC News. Associated Press.
  23. ^ Brekke, Dan; Sadiq, Sheraz; Rodriguez, Joe Fitzgerald; Baldassari, Erin; Meline, Gabe (June 3, 2020). "As Anti-Violence Protests Continue, Oakland Police Call for Information on Officers' Shooting". KQED.
  24. ^ a b Beer, Tommy (June 16, 2020). "Accused Killer Of California Cops Was Associated With Right-Wing 'Boogaloo Movement'". Forbes.
  25. ^ "Alleged Santa Cruz Mountain Gunman May Be Connected To Oakland Federal Officer Slaying". CBS SF BayArea. June 7, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  26. ^ Gartrell, Nate (June 16, 2020). "Authorities charge alleged Santa Cruz deputy killer with assassinating federal cop in Oakland, link attacks to Boogaloo movement". The Mercury News. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  27. ^ Mendoza, Martha; Dazio, Stefanie (June 12, 2020). "Airman may face death penalty in California cop killing". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
  28. ^ Harms, Cathy (June 5, 2004). "Man who bulldozed through Colo. town is dead". MSNBC. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  29. ^ MacFarquhar, Neil; Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (June 16, 2020). "Air Force Sergeant With Ties to Extremist Group Charged in Federal Officer's Death". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  30. ^ Mendoza, Martha; Dazio, Stefanie (June 9, 2020). "California Sheriff: Gunman 'Very Intent' on Killing Police". The Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2020.
  31. ^ "FBI: Facebook exchange preceded deadly attack on officer". Star Tribune. Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  32. ^ Blankstein, Andrew; Collins, Ben (June 16, 2020). "Alleged 'Boogaloo' extremist charged in killing of federal officer". NBC News. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
  33. ^ York, Jessica (February 1, 2022). "Death penalty off the table for man accused of killing a federal officer in Oakland". The Mercury News. Retrieved April 9, 2023.
  34. ^ Gartrell, Nate; Ruggiero, Angela; Duran, Doug (August 27, 2020). "Day after RNC mention, Boogaloo-linked ex-Air Force Sgt accused of killing cops stands in court with mask referencing police shootings". The Mercury News. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
  35. ^ Gartrell, Nate; Ruggiero, Angela; Duran, Doug (August 27, 2020). "Day after RNC mention, Boogaloo-linked ex-Air Force Sgt accused of killing cops stands in court with mask referencing police shootings". The Mercury News.
  36. ^ Hartman, Melissa (December 13, 2020). "Steven Carrillo and Joseph Keeler preliminary hearings pushed to March". Santa Cruz Sentinel. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
  37. ^ a b Steven Carrillo Sentenced to 41 Years in Prison for Murder and Attempted Murder for Role in Drive-By Shooting at Federal Courthouse in Oakland, U.S. Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of Florida (June 3, 2022).
  38. ^ "Alleged 'boogaloo' member pleads guilty to killing federal guard during 2020 protests". NPR. Associated Press. February 11, 2022. Retrieved February 13, 2022.
  39. ^ Baine, Wallace (August 26, 2022). "Steven Carrillo gets life in 2020 murder of Santa Cruz sheriff's deputy Damon Gutzwiller". Lookout Santa Cruz. Retrieved September 7, 2022.
  40. ^ a b Kerr, Dara; Tibken, Shara (June 16, 2020). "'Erosion of trust': Social media's a mess amid George Floyd protests". CNET. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  41. ^ Kleefeld, Eric (June 17, 2020). "A far-right 'boogaloo' supporter allegedly killed a Black federal police officer — and right-wing media blamed it on protests". Media Matters for America. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
  42. ^ Millhiser, Ian (August 27, 2020). "The most shocking line in Vice President Pence's 2020 RNC speech". Vox. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  43. ^ a b "Oakland Lawmaker Denounces Pence For Linking Officer's Killing To Protests, Omitting Alt-Right 'Boogaloo' Arrest". CBS SF BayArea. August 27, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.


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