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{{Short description|Anglo-Norman landowner}} |
{{Short description|Anglo-Norman landowner}} |
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[[File:Johannes Vorsterman (c. 1643-1699^) - A View of Windsor Castle - RCIN 400599 - Royal Collection.jpg|thumb|Johannes Vorsterman (c. 1643-1699^) - A View of Windsor Castle ]] |
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[[File:Windsor Castle View of the Round and Devils Towers from the Black Rock.jpg|thumb|View of the Round and Devils Towers from the Black Rock]] |
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'''Walter FitzOther''' ([[floruit|fl.]] 1086; died ''after'' 1099) was a [[English feudal barony|feudal baron]] of [[Eton, Berkshire|Eton]]<ref>Sanders, I.J. ''English Baronies, a Study of their Origin and Descent 1086–1327'', Oxford, 1960, pp. 116-117</ref> in [[Buckinghamshire]] (now in [[Berkshire]]) and was the first [[Constables and Governors of Windsor Castle|Constable of Windsor Castle]]<ref>Vivian, p. 133 [[John Lambrick Vivian|Vivian, Lt. Col. J.L.]], (Ed.) ''The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the [[Heraldic visitation|Heralds' Visitations]] of 1531, 1564 & 1620'', Exeter, 1895, p. 133, pedigree of Carew</ref> in Berkshire (directly across the [[River Thames]] from Eton), a principal royal residence of King [[William the Conqueror]], and was a [[tenant-in-chief]] of that king of 21 manors in the counties of [[Berkshire]], [[Buckinghamshire]], [[Surrey]], [[Hampshire]] and [[Middlesex]], as well as [[Feudal land tenure in England|holding]] a further 17 manors as a [[Mesne lord|mesne tenant]] in the same counties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://opendomesday.org/name/564200/walter-son-of-other/|title = Walter son of Other|website=opendomesday.org|accessdate=17 December 2022}}</ref> |
'''Walter FitzOther''' ([[floruit|fl.]] 1086; died ''after'' 1099) was a [[English feudal barony|feudal baron]] of [[Eton, Berkshire|Eton]]<ref>Sanders, I.J. ''English Baronies, a Study of their Origin and Descent 1086–1327'', Oxford, 1960, pp. 116-117</ref> in [[Buckinghamshire]] (now in [[Berkshire]]) and was the first [[Constables and Governors of Windsor Castle|Constable of Windsor Castle]]<ref>Vivian, p. 133 [[John Lambrick Vivian|Vivian, Lt. Col. J.L.]], (Ed.) ''The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the [[Heraldic visitation|Heralds' Visitations]] of 1531, 1564 & 1620'', Exeter, 1895, p. 133, pedigree of Carew</ref> in Berkshire (directly across the [[River Thames]] from Eton), a principal royal residence of King [[William the Conqueror]], and was a [[tenant-in-chief]] of that king of 21 manors in the counties of [[Berkshire]], [[Buckinghamshire]], [[Surrey]], [[Hampshire]] and [[Middlesex]], as well as [[Feudal land tenure in England|holding]] a further 17 manors as a [[Mesne lord|mesne tenant]] in the same counties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://opendomesday.org/name/564200/walter-son-of-other/|title = Walter son of Other|website=opendomesday.org|accessdate=17 December 2022}}</ref> |
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==Origins== |
==Origins== |
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In the 11th century, the name FitzOther meant simply son of a man named Other. Historian [[John Langton Sanford]] and [[Alfred Webb]] stated that Walter was the son of "Lord Otho, an honorary Baron of England, said to have been descended from the [[Gherardini family|Gherardini]] of Florence";<ref>Sanford, John Langton and Meredith Townsend. [https://books.google.ca/books?id=xVEBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA134&dq=Gerald+Fitz+Walter&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerald%20Fitz%20Walter&f=false The Great Governing Families of England]. 2v. Blackwood & Sons, 1865 (Books for Libraries Press, 1972), p. 133-134</ref><ref>[http://www.libraryireland.com/biography/MauriceFitzGerald.php Webb, Alfred. "FitzGerald,Maurice", ''A Compendium of Irish Biography'', Dublin, M.H. Gill & Son, 1878]</ref><ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25506713.pdf Fitzgibbon, A. "Appendix to the Unpublished Geraldine Documents: The Gherardini of Tuscany", ''The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland'', Fourth Series, Vol. 4, No. 29, 1877]</ref><ref>[[John Lambrick Vivian|Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L.]], (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the [[Heraldic visitation|Heralds' Visitations]] of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, p. 133, pedigree of Carew</ref> The [[House of FitzGerald#Gherardini_of_Ireland|Fitzgeralds]] and Gherardinis are recorded communicating in letters dating back to 1413 between the Tuscany branch and the [[Earl of Kildare|Earls of Kildare]] regarding their kinship.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ponsonby and Murphy|title=The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland|publisher=The Association of Ireland|year=1879|series=Fourth series|volume= IV|pages=247–257|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=teunLYHxNo0C&q=house+of+gherardini+of+ireland+desmond}}</ref> In 1507, [[Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare]], the [[Viceroy of Ireland]], was signing his letters as ''Gerald, Chief in Ireland of the family of the Gherardini''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sir John Thomas Gilbert|title=History of the Viceroys of Ireland: With Notices of the Castle of Dublin and Its Chief Occupants in Former Times|publisher=James Duffy|year=1865|pages=467-473–474|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=V8Q9AAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA472&hl=it&q=viceroy+in+the+whole+of+Ireland}}</ref> The Fitzgerald's ancestral seat in [[Florence]] was referred by [[English Renaissance]] poet [[Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey]], in his poem ''Description and praise of his love'', as well as by [[Medici]] Florentine [[Italian Renaissance|Renaissance]] writer, [[Cristoforo Landino]], on his preface of the ''[[Divine Comedy]]'' by [[Dante]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Sir John Thomas Gilbert|title=History of the Viceroys of Ireland: With Notices of the Castle of Dublin and Its Chief Occupants in Former Times|publisher=James Duffy|year=1865|pages=612|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=V8Q9AAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA612&hl=it|access-date=28 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25506713.pdf|jstor=25506713 |title=Appendix to the Unpublished Geraldine Documents: The Gherardini of Tuscany |last1=Fitzgibbon |first1=A. |journal=The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland |date=4 August 1877 |volume=4 |issue=29 |pages=246–263-264 }}</ref> Historian [[J. Horace Round]], however, considers this claim to be a fabrication of the fifteenth century.<ref>"The Origin of the FitzGeralds," The Ancestor, 1 (April 1902), pp. 119 - 125. [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Ancestor/Number_1/The_Origin_of_the_FitzGeralds]</ref> |
In the 11th century, the name FitzOther meant simply son of a man named Other. Historian [[John Langton Sanford]] and [[Alfred Webb]] stated that Walter was the son of "Lord Otho, an honorary Baron of England, said to have been descended from the [[Gherardini family|Gherardini]] of Florence";<ref>Sanford, John Langton and Meredith Townsend. [https://books.google.ca/books?id=xVEBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA134&dq=Gerald+Fitz+Walter&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Gerald%20Fitz%20Walter&f=false The Great Governing Families of England]. 2v. Blackwood & Sons, 1865 (Books for Libraries Press, 1972), p. 133-134</ref><ref>[http://www.libraryireland.com/biography/MauriceFitzGerald.php Webb, Alfred. "FitzGerald,Maurice", ''A Compendium of Irish Biography'', Dublin, M.H. Gill & Son, 1878]</ref><ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25506713.pdf Fitzgibbon, A. "Appendix to the Unpublished Geraldine Documents: The Gherardini of Tuscany", ''The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland'', Fourth Series, Vol. 4, No. 29, 1877]</ref><ref>[[John Lambrick Vivian|Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L.]], (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the [[Heraldic visitation|Heralds' Visitations]] of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, p. 133, pedigree of Carew</ref> The [[House of FitzGerald#Gherardini_of_Ireland|Fitzgeralds]] and Gherardinis are recorded communicating in letters dating back to 1413 between the Tuscany branch and the [[Earl of Kildare|Earls of Kildare]] regarding their kinship.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ponsonby and Murphy|title=The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland|publisher=The Association of Ireland|year=1879|series=Fourth series|volume= IV|pages=247–257|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=teunLYHxNo0C&q=house+of+gherardini+of+ireland+desmond}}</ref> In 1507, [[Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare]], the [[Viceroy of Ireland]], was signing his letters as ''Gerald, Chief in Ireland of the family of the Gherardini''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sir John Thomas Gilbert|title=History of the Viceroys of Ireland: With Notices of the Castle of Dublin and Its Chief Occupants in Former Times|publisher=James Duffy|year=1865|pages=467-473–474|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=V8Q9AAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA472&hl=it&q=viceroy+in+the+whole+of+Ireland}}</ref> |
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The Fitzgerald's ancestral seat in [[Florence]] was referred by [[English Renaissance]] poet [[Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey]], in his poem ''Description and praise of his love'', as well as by [[Medici]] Florentine [[Italian Renaissance|Renaissance]] writer, [[Cristoforo Landino]], on his preface of the ''[[Divine Comedy]]'' by [[Dante]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Sir John Thomas Gilbert|title=History of the Viceroys of Ireland: With Notices of the Castle of Dublin and Its Chief Occupants in Former Times|publisher=James Duffy|year=1865|pages=612|url=https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=V8Q9AAAAcAAJ&pg=GBS.PA612&hl=it|access-date=28 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25506713.pdf|jstor=25506713 |title=Appendix to the Unpublished Geraldine Documents: The Gherardini of Tuscany |last1=Fitzgibbon |first1=A. |journal=The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland |date=4 August 1877 |volume=4 |issue=29 |pages=246–263-264 }}</ref> Historian [[J. Horace Round]], however, considers this claim to be a fabrication of the fifteenth century.<ref>"The Origin of the FitzGeralds," The Ancestor, 1 (April 1902), pp. 119 - 125. [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Ancestor/Number_1/The_Origin_of_the_FitzGeralds]</ref> |
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==Marriage and children== |
==Marriage and children== |
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Revision as of 18:18, 23 August 2023
_-_A_View_of_Windsor_Castle_-_RCIN_400599_-_Royal_Collection.jpg)
Walter FitzOther (fl. 1086; died after 1099) was a feudal baron of Eton[1] in Buckinghamshire (now in Berkshire) and was the first Constable of Windsor Castle[2] in Berkshire (directly across the River Thames from Eton), a principal royal residence of King William the Conqueror, and was a tenant-in-chief of that king of 21 manors in the counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Surrey, Hampshire and Middlesex, as well as holding a further 17 manors as a mesne tenant in the same counties.[3]
Origins
In the 11th century, the name FitzOther meant simply son of a man named Other. Historian John Langton Sanford and Alfred Webb stated that Walter was the son of "Lord Otho, an honorary Baron of England, said to have been descended from the Gherardini of Florence";[4][5][6][7] The Fitzgeralds and Gherardinis are recorded communicating in letters dating back to 1413 between the Tuscany branch and the Earls of Kildare regarding their kinship.[8] In 1507, Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, the Viceroy of Ireland, was signing his letters as Gerald, Chief in Ireland of the family of the Gherardini.[9]
The Fitzgerald's ancestral seat in Florence was referred by English Renaissance poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, in his poem Description and praise of his love, as well as by Medici Florentine Renaissance writer, Cristoforo Landino, on his preface of the Divine Comedy by Dante.[10][11] Historian J. Horace Round, however, considers this claim to be a fabrication of the fifteenth century.[12]
Marriage and children
He married Beatrice and had issue: [13]
- William FitzWalter (died c. 1160), eldest son, 2nd feudal baron of Eton. His son was William de Windsor (died c. 1176), 3rd feudal baron of Eton, who adopted the surname de Windsor. The feudal barony of Eton soon split into moieties between two members of the family, William de Windsor (died 1215/16) and his cousin, Walter de Windsor (died 1203). Walter de Windsor died without children in 1203, when his two sisters became his co-heiresses. The other moiety continued in the descendants of William de Windsor until at least the time of Richard de Windsor, the son of Richard de Windsor (1258–1326).[14]
- Robert FitzWalter, second son, inherited the nearby manor of Eton in Berkshire.[15]
- Gerald de Windsor (c. 1075 – 1135), (alias Gerald FitzWalter), third son, the first castellan of Pembroke Castle in Pembrokeshire (formerly part of the Kingdom of Deheubarth), in Wales, who was in charge of the Norman forces in southwest Wales. He was the progenitor of the FitzGerald, FitzMaurice and De Barry dynasties of Ireland, who were elevated to the Peerage of Ireland in the 14th century and was also the ancestor of the prominent Carew family, of Moulsford in Berkshire, Carew Castle in Pembrokeshire (in the Kingdom of Deheubarth) and of Mohuns Ottery in Devon (see Baron Carew, Earl of Totnes and Carew baronets).[16][17]
- Hugh, lord of the manor of West Horsley, Surrey.[18]
Landholdings as tenant-in-chief
His landholdings as a tenant-in-chief as listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 were as follows (manor, hundred, county):[19]
Buckinghamshire
- Eton, Stoke, Buckinghamshire, the probable caput of his feudal barony.[20]
- Burnham, Burnham, Buckinghamshire
- Hardmead, Moulsoe, Buckinghamshire
- Horton, Stoke, Buckinghamshire
Berkshire
- [East and West] Hagbourne, Blewbury, Berkshire
- Bucklebury Manor, Bucklebury, Berkshire
- Kintbury, Kintbury, Berkshire
- Chilton, Nakedthorn, Berkshire
- Wokefield, Reading, Berkshire
- Ortone, Ripplesmere, Berkshire
Middlesex
- [East] Bedfont, Spelthorne, Middlesex
- Hatton, Spelthorne, Middlesex
- Stanwell, Spelthorne, Middlesex
- [West] Bedfont, Spelthorne, Middlesex
Surrey
- Compton, Godalming, Surrey
- Hurtmore, Godalming, Surrey
- Peper Harrow, Godalming, Surrey
- Kingston [upon Thames], Kingston, Surrey
- [West] Horsley, Woking, Surrey
Hampshire
- Malshanger, Chuteley, Hampshire
- Will Hall, Neatham, Hampshire
Landholdings as mesne tenant
His landholdings as a mesne tenant as listed in the Domesday Book of 1086 were as follows:[21]
Buckinghamshire
- Burnham, Burnham, Buckinghamshire
- Eton, Stoke, Buckinghamshire
- Horton, Stoke, Buckinghamshire
Berkshire
- [East and West] Hagbourne, Blewbury, Berkshire
- Kintbury, Kintbury, Berkshire
- Chilton, Nakedthorn, Berkshire
- Ortone, Ripplesmere, Berkshire
- Windsor, Ripplesmere, Surrey / Berkshire / Buckinghamshire
- Wallingford, Slotisford, Berkshire / Oxfordshire
Middlesex
- Stanwell, Spelthorne, Middlesex
Surrey
- Compton, Godalming, Surrey
- Kingston [upon Thames], Kingston, Surrey
- [West] Horsley, Woking, Surrey
- Woking, Woking, Surrey
Hampshire
- Malshanger, Chuteley, Hampshire
- Will Hall, Neatham, Hampshire
- Winchfield, Odiham, Hampshire
References
- ^ Sanders, I.J. English Baronies, a Study of their Origin and Descent 1086–1327, Oxford, 1960, pp. 116-117
- ^ Vivian, p. 133 Vivian, Lt. Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, p. 133, pedigree of Carew
- ^ "Walter son of Other". opendomesday.org. Retrieved 17 December 2022.
- ^ Sanford, John Langton and Meredith Townsend. The Great Governing Families of England. 2v. Blackwood & Sons, 1865 (Books for Libraries Press, 1972), p. 133-134
- ^ Webb, Alfred. "FitzGerald,Maurice", A Compendium of Irish Biography, Dublin, M.H. Gill & Son, 1878
- ^ Fitzgibbon, A. "Appendix to the Unpublished Geraldine Documents: The Gherardini of Tuscany", The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland, Fourth Series, Vol. 4, No. 29, 1877
- ^ Vivian, Lt.Col. J.L., (Ed.) The Visitations of the County of Devon: Comprising the Heralds' Visitations of 1531, 1564 & 1620, Exeter, 1895, p. 133, pedigree of Carew
- ^ Ponsonby and Murphy (1879). The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland. Fourth series. Vol. IV. The Association of Ireland. pp. 247–257.
- ^ Sir John Thomas Gilbert (1865). History of the Viceroys of Ireland: With Notices of the Castle of Dublin and Its Chief Occupants in Former Times. James Duffy. pp. 467-473–474.
- ^ Sir John Thomas Gilbert (1865). History of the Viceroys of Ireland: With Notices of the Castle of Dublin and Its Chief Occupants in Former Times. James Duffy. p. 612. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ Fitzgibbon, A. (4 August 1877). "Appendix to the Unpublished Geraldine Documents: The Gherardini of Tuscany" (PDF). The Journal of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland. 4 (29): 246–263-264. JSTOR 25506713.
- ^ "The Origin of the FitzGeralds," The Ancestor, 1 (April 1902), pp. 119 - 125. [1]
- ^ Round, J. Horace. "The Origin of the FitzGeralds", The Ancestor: A Quarterly Review of County and Family History, Heraldry and Antiquities, A. Constable & Company, Limited, 1902, p. 123
- ^ Sanders, I.J. English Baronies, a Study of their Origin and Descent 1086–1327, Oxford, 1960, pp. 116-117; Vivian, p. 133: "of whom the Lords of Windsor (sic) descend"
- ^ Rev. E. Barry, Records of the Barrys of County Cork from the earliest to the present time., Cork, 1902, p. 3; Vivian, p. 133: "Robert of Easton (sic), co. Bucks, quoting The Life of Sir Peter Carew, of Mohun Ottery, co. Devon., by John Hooker (c. 1527–1601), edited by Sir Thomas Phillipps, 1st Baronet (1792-1872), published 1840 in Archaeologia, the journal of the Society of Antiquaries of London
- ^ Vivian, pp. 133–145, pedigree of Carew.
- ^ Vivian, p. 133, quoting The Life of Sir Peter Carew, of Mohun Ottery, co. Devon., by John Hooker (c. 1527 – 1601), edited by Sir Thomas Phillipps, 1st Baronet (1792–1872), published 1840 in Archaeologia, the journal of the Society of Antiquaries of London.
- ^ Vivian, p. 133, quoting: "Berry's Surrey Pedigrees
- ^ "Walter son of Other | Domesday Book".
- ^ Sanders, p.116, note 6
- ^ "Walter son of Other | Domesday Book".