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{{Short description|Political and cultural magazine in France (1953–1965)}}
{{Short description|Political and cultural magazine in France (1953–1965)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox magazine
{{Infobox magazine
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'''''Cuadernos''''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Notebooks'') was a Spanish-language magazine that was published in [[Paris]], France, in the period 1953–1965. Its full title was ''Cuadernos del Congreso por la Libertad de la Cultura''.<ref name=olga>{{cite journal|author=Olga Glondys
'''''Cuadernos''''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Notebooks'') was a Spanish-language magazine that was published in [[Paris]], France, in the period 1953–1965. Its full title was ''Cuadernos del Congreso por la Libertad de la Cultura''.<ref name=olga>{{cite journal|author=Olga Glondys|title=Dismissals of the Congress for Cultural Freedom's representatives in Latin America as part of the strategy of "Opening to the Left" (1961-1964)|journal=Culture & History Digital Journal|date=June 2018|volume=7|issue=1|page=10|doi=10.3989/chdj.2018.010|s2cid=158591858|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=danv22>{{cite book|author=Daniel Noemi Voionmaa|title=Surveillance, the Cold War, and Latin American Literature|year=2022|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|location=Cambridge|isbn=9781009153591|page=65|url=https://doi-org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1017/9781009153591}}</ref> It was one of the publications of the [[Congress for Cultural Freedom]].
|title=Dismissals of the Congress for Cultural Freedom's representatives in Latin America as part of the strategy of "Opening to the Left" (1961-1964)|journal=Culture & History Digital Journal|date=June 2018|volume=7|issue=1|page=10|doi=10.3989/chdj.2018.010|s2cid=158591858|doi-access=free}}</ref> It was one of the publications of the [[Congress for Cultural Freedom]].


==History and profile==
==History and profile==
''Cuadernos'' was launched by the Congress for Cultural Freedom in 1953 which targeted [[Spaniards|Spanish people]] and [[Latin Americans]].<ref name=dmc16>{{cite journal|author=David M. Carletta|title=Review of Neither Peace nor Freedom: The Cultural Cold War in Latin America by Patrick Iber|journal=[[The History Teacher]]|date=November 2016|volume=50|issue=1|page=140|jstor=44504462}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Olga Glondys
''Cuadernos'' was launched by the Congress for Cultural Freedom in 1953 which targeted [[Spaniards|Spanish people]] and [[Latin Americans]].<ref name=dmc16>{{cite journal|author=David M. Carletta|title=Review of Neither Peace nor Freedom: The Cultural Cold War in Latin America by Patrick Iber|journal=[[The History Teacher]]|date=November 2016|volume=50|issue=1|page=140|jstor=44504462}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Olga Glondys
|title=Cold war controversies in the pro-amnesty campaigns of the Spanish political prisoners (1961) and the erosion of Spanish exiles' leadership in the anti-Francoist policies|journal=Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies|year=2021|volume=27|issue=1|s2cid=233205904|page=65|doi=10.1080/14701847.2021.1898154|doi-access=free}}</ref> The first issue appeared in June 1954.<ref name=rhb1>{{cite journal|author=Russell H. Bartley|title=The Piper Played to Us All: Orchestrating the Cultural Cold War in the USA, Europe, and Latin America|journal=International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society|doi=10.1023/A:1007881312208|date=Spring 2001|issue=3|volume=14|pages=587–588|jstor=20020095|s2cid=140894803 }}</ref> The editor of the magazine was a Spaniard politician, [[Julián Gorkin]].<ref name=rhb1/><ref>{{cite book|author=Frances Stonor Saunders|title=The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters|year=2001|publisher=The New Press|location=New York|author-link=Frances Stonor Saunders|url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim140150101|isbn=978-1565846647|page=218|doi=10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim140150101}}</ref> During his editorship another Spaniard politician Ignacio Iglesias also edited the magazine which was published on a quarterly basis.<ref name=rhb1/> Gorkin was replaced by a Spaniard exile in Paris, [[Luis Araquistáin]], as editor of the magazine in late 1950s.<ref name=rhb1/> However, due to the death of Araquistáin a [[Colombians|Colombian]] diplomat [[Germán Arciniegas]] was named as the editor of the magazine.<ref name=olga/><ref name=dmc16/>
|title=Cold war controversies in the pro-amnesty campaigns of the Spanish political prisoners (1961) and the erosion of Spanish exiles' leadership in the anti-Francoist policies|journal=Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies|year=2021|volume=27|issue=1|s2cid=233205904
|page=65|doi=10.1080/14701847.2021.1898154|doi-access=free}}</ref> The first issue appeared in June 1954.<ref name=rhb1>{{cite journal
|author=Russell H. Bartley|title=The Piper Played to Us All: Orchestrating the Cultural Cold War in the USA, Europe, and Latin America
|journal=International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society|doi=10.1023/A:1007881312208|date=Spring 2001|issue=3|volume=14|pages=587–588
|jstor=20020095|s2cid=140894803 }}</ref> The editor of the magazine was a Spaniard politician, [[Julián Gorkin]].<ref name=rhb1/><ref>{{cite book
|author=Frances Stonor Saunders|title=The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters|year=2001|publisher=The New Press
|location=New York|author-link=Frances Stonor Saunders|url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim140150101|isbn=978-1565846647|page=218
|doi=10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim140150101}}</ref> During his editorship another Spaniard politician Ignacio Iglesias also edited the magazine which was published on a quarterly basis.<ref name=rhb1/> Gorkin was replaced by a Spaniard exile in Paris, [[Luis Araquistáin]], as editor of the magazine in late 1950s.<ref name=rhb1/> However, due to the death of Araquistáin a [[Colombians|Colombian]] diplomat [[Germán Arciniegas]] was named as the editor of the magazine.<ref name=olga/><ref name=dmc16/>


The content of ''Cuadernos'' included Hispanic poems, articles on anti-Soviet propaganda and political and cultural news from the European and Latin American countries.<ref name=dmc16/> In line with the premises of the Congress for Cultural Freedom the magazine argued that the [[Avant-garde|avant-garde]] or experimental approach towards art was possible only in a society depending on the [[Free market|free enterprise]] and [[Individualism|liberal individualism]].<ref name=ruscob>{{cite book|author=Russell Cobb|editor1=Greg Barnhisel|editor2=Catherine C. Turner |title=Pressing the Fight: Print, Propaganda, and the Cold War|year=2010|publisher=[[University of Massachusetts Press]]|location=Amherst, MA |isbn=978-1-55849-736-8|page=233|chapter-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vk8tb.14|chapter=Promoting Literature in the Most Dangerous Area in the World: The Cold War, the Boom, and Mundo Nuevo}}</ref> The avant-garde approach was also regarded by the magazine as an indication of the developed societies.<ref name=ruscob/>
The content of ''Cuadernos'' included Hispanic poems, articles on anti-Soviet propaganda and political and cultural news from the European and Latin American countries.<ref name=dmc16/> In line with the premises of the Congress for Cultural Freedom the magazine argued that the [[Avant-garde|avant-garde]] or experimental approach towards art was possible only in a society depending on the [[Free market|free enterprise]] and [[Individualism|liberal individualism]].<ref name=ruscob>{{cite book|author=Russell Cobb|editor1=Greg Barnhisel|editor2=Catherine C. Turner|title=Pressing the Fight: Print, Propaganda, and the Cold War|year=2010|publisher=[[University of Massachusetts Press]]|location=Amherst, MA |isbn=978-1-55849-736-8|page=233|chapter-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5vk8tb.14|chapter=Promoting Literature in the Most Dangerous Area in the World: The Cold War, the Boom, and Mundo Nuevo}}</ref> The avant-garde approach was also regarded by the magazine as an indication of the developed societies.<ref name=ruscob/>


In 1961 the frequency of ''Cuadernos'' was switched to monthly.<ref name=rhb1/> The magazine was closed by the Congress in 1965 due to its low popularity<ref name=olga/><ref name=dmc16/> and its lower levels of circulation although it targeted Hispanic people in Spain and Latin America.<ref name=greg17>{{cite news|author=Greg Barnhisel|title=Finks, Fronts, and Puppets: Revisiting the Cultural Cold War|access-date=24 October 2021
In 1961 the frequency of ''Cuadernos'' was switched to monthly.<ref name=rhb1/> The magazine was closed by the Congress in 1965 due to its low popularity<ref name=olga/><ref name=dmc16/> and its lower levels of circulation although it targeted Hispanic people in Spain and Latin America.<ref name=greg17>{{cite news|author=Greg Barnhisel|title=Finks, Fronts, and Puppets: Revisiting the Cultural Cold War|access-date=24 October 2021
|url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/finks-fronts-puppets-revisiting-cultural-cold-war/|work=[[Los Angeles Review of Books]]|date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413224042/https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/finks-fronts-puppets-revisiting-cultural-cold-war/|archive-date=13 April 2021}}</ref> The magazine never enjoyed high levels of circulation like ''[[Encounter (magazine)|Encounter]]'' or ''Der Monat'', other magazines of the Congress.<ref name=greg17/> The last issue, the 100th issue, of ''Cuadernos'' was published in September 1965.<ref name=rhb1/> ''[[Mundo Nuevo]]'', another Spanish language magazine, succeeded ''Cuadernos''.<ref name=greg17/><ref>{{cite thesis
|url=https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/finks-fronts-puppets-revisiting-cultural-cold-war/|work=[[Los Angeles Review of Books]]|date=8 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413224042/https://lareviewofbooks.org/article/finks-fronts-puppets-revisiting-cultural-cold-war/|archive-date=13 April 2021}}</ref> The magazine never enjoyed high levels of circulation like ''[[Encounter (magazine)|Encounter]]'' or ''Der Monat'', other magazines of the Congress.<ref name=greg17/> The last issue, the 100th issue, of ''Cuadernos'' was published in September 1965.<ref name=rhb1/> ''[[Mundo Nuevo]]'', another Spanish language magazine, succeeded ''Cuadernos''.<ref name=greg17/><ref>{{cite thesis|author=Megan C. Engle|title=The Congress for Cultural Freedom, modernization, and the cultural Cold War in Anglophone Africa, 1958-1967
⚫
|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1658532640|location=[[Binghamton University]]|page=4|id={{ProQuest|1658532640}}|degree=PhD|year=2014|isbn=978-1-321-57159-2}}</ref>
|author=Megan C. Engle|title=The Congress for Cultural Freedom, modernization, and the cultural Cold War in Anglophone Africa, 1958-1967
⚫
|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1658532640|location=[[Binghamton University]]|page=4|id={{ProQuest|1658532640}}|degree=PhD|year=2014
|isbn=978-1-321-57159-2}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 07:54, 25 August 2023

Cuadernos
Categories
  • Political magazine
  • Cultural magazine
Frequency
  • Quarterly (1954–1961)
  • Monthly (1961–1965)
FounderCongress for Cultural Freedom
Founded1953
First issueJune 1954
Final issue
Number		September 1965
100
CountryFrance
Based inParis
LanguageSpanish

Cuadernos (Spanish: Notebooks) was a Spanish-language magazine that was published in Paris, France, in the period 1953–1965. Its full title was Cuadernos del Congreso por la Libertad de la Cultura.[1][2] It was one of the publications of the Congress for Cultural Freedom.

History and profile

Cuadernos was launched by the Congress for Cultural Freedom in 1953 which targeted Spanish people and Latin Americans.[3][4] The first issue appeared in June 1954.[5] The editor of the magazine was a Spaniard politician, Julián Gorkin.[5][6] During his editorship another Spaniard politician Ignacio Iglesias also edited the magazine which was published on a quarterly basis.[5] Gorkin was replaced by a Spaniard exile in Paris, Luis Araquistáin, as editor of the magazine in late 1950s.[5] However, due to the death of Araquistáin a Colombian diplomat Germán Arciniegas was named as the editor of the magazine.[1][3]

The content of Cuadernos included Hispanic poems, articles on anti-Soviet propaganda and political and cultural news from the European and Latin American countries.[3] In line with the premises of the Congress for Cultural Freedom the magazine argued that the avant-garde or experimental approach towards art was possible only in a society depending on the free enterprise and liberal individualism.[7] The avant-garde approach was also regarded by the magazine as an indication of the developed societies.[7]

In 1961 the frequency of Cuadernos was switched to monthly.[5] The magazine was closed by the Congress in 1965 due to its low popularity[1][3] and its lower levels of circulation although it targeted Hispanic people in Spain and Latin America.[8] The magazine never enjoyed high levels of circulation like Encounter or Der Monat, other magazines of the Congress.[8] The last issue, the 100th issue, of Cuadernos was published in September 1965.[5] Mundo Nuevo, another Spanish language magazine, succeeded Cuadernos.[8][9]

References

  1. ^ a b c Olga Glondys (June 2018). "Dismissals of the Congress for Cultural Freedom's representatives in Latin America as part of the strategy of "Opening to the Left" (1961-1964)". Culture & History Digital Journal. 7 (1): 10. doi:10.3989/chdj.2018.010. S2CID 158591858.
  2. ^ Daniel Noemi Voionmaa (2022). Surveillance, the Cold War, and Latin American Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 65. ISBN 9781009153591.
  3. ^ a b c d David M. Carletta (November 2016). "Review of Neither Peace nor Freedom: The Cultural Cold War in Latin America by Patrick Iber". The History Teacher. 50 (1): 140. JSTOR 44504462.
  4. ^ Olga Glondys (2021). "Cold war controversies in the pro-amnesty campaigns of the Spanish political prisoners (1961) and the erosion of Spanish exiles' leadership in the anti-Francoist policies". Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies. 27 (1): 65. doi:10.1080/14701847.2021.1898154. S2CID 233205904.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Russell H. Bartley (Spring 2001). "The Piper Played to Us All: Orchestrating the Cultural Cold War in the USA, Europe, and Latin America". International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society. 14 (3): 587–588. doi:10.1023/A:1007881312208. JSTOR 20020095. S2CID 140894803.
  6. ^ Frances Stonor Saunders (2001). The Cultural Cold War: The CIA and the World of Arts and Letters. New York: The New Press. p. 218. doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim140150101. ISBN 978-1565846647.
  7. ^ a b Russell Cobb (2010). "Promoting Literature in the Most Dangerous Area in the World: The Cold War, the Boom, and Mundo Nuevo". In Greg Barnhisel; Catherine C. Turner (eds.). Pressing the Fight: Print, Propaganda, and the Cold War. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-1-55849-736-8.
  8. ^ a b c Greg Barnhisel (8 January 2017). "Finks, Fronts, and Puppets: Revisiting the Cultural Cold War". Los Angeles Review of Books. Archived from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  9. ^ Megan C. Engle (2014). The Congress for Cultural Freedom, modernization, and the cultural Cold War in Anglophone Africa, 1958-1967 (PhD thesis). Binghamton University. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-321-57159-2. ProQuest 1658532640.
  • Media related to Cuadernos at Wikimedia Commons
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