Indian musical scale: Difference between revisions
Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
There are 72 parent scales in Carnatic music(South indian music). |
There are 72 parent scales in Carnatic music(South indian music). |
||
All [[raga]]s in carnatic music are based on one of these parent scales. |
All [[raga]]s in carnatic music are based on one of these parent scales. |
||
In all texts |
In all texts describing the notes of any compositions, along with ascending ([[Arohan]])and descending([[Avarohan]]) notes of [[raga]]s the scale number is also |
||
given. From the scale number the notes can be easily identified and played. |
given. From the scale number the notes can be easily identified and played. |
||
eg. [[Raga]] Hamsadwani the ascending notes are Sa Re Ga Pa Ni Sa in scale 29. |
eg. [[Raga]] Hamsadwani the ascending notes are Sa Re Ga Pa Ni Sa in scale 29. |
||
(Do=Sa Re=Re Me=Ga Fa=Ma So=Pa La= |
(Do=Sa Re=Re Me=Ga Fa=Ma So=Pa La=Dha Te= Ni ) |
||
Assuming C as the basic note then the scale 29 is equivalent to |
Assuming C as the basic note then the scale 29 is equivalent to |
Revision as of 07:49, 23 March 2007
Indian Musical Scale.
There are 72 parent scales in Carnatic music(South indian music).
All ragas in carnatic music are based on one of these parent scales. In all texts describing the notes of any compositions, along with ascending (Arohan)and descending(Avarohan) notes of ragas the scale number is also given. From the scale number the notes can be easily identified and played. eg. Raga Hamsadwani the ascending notes are Sa Re Ga Pa Ni Sa in scale 29.
(Do=Sa Re=Re Me=Ga Fa=Ma So=Pa La=Dha Te= Ni )
Assuming C as the basic note then the scale 29 is equivalent to C major. and the notes are Do Re Me So La or the corresponding notes are C D E G B There is a systmatic scientific method for describing Indian musical scale. The scales described below are the scales of Carnatic Music(South indian music). Once you know the rules it is easy to find the corresponding notes of any scale.
General Rules
1. There are twelve notes in an octave
C | C# | D | D# | E | F | F# | G | G# | A | A# | B | c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 1 |
2. In a scale only 7 notes swaras are used at a time
and their names are Sa(Do) Re(Re) Ga(Me) Ma(Fa) Pa(So) Dha(La) Ni(Te)
eg. Scale 29 C Major Media:Sc29.mid
Do | - | Re | - | Me | Fa | - | So | - | La | - | Te | Do |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S | ** | R | ** | G | M | ** | P | ** | D | ** | N | s |
3. In all the 72 scales the basic note called Sa is fixed (assume that it is C in western notation)
4. The fifth note Pa is also fixed (G)
for 1 to 72 scales
C | C# | D | D# | E | F | F# | G | G# | A | A# | B | c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | P | ** | ** | ** | ** | s |
5. The fourth note Ma can assume two positions M1(F) and M2(F#)
6. In all scales form 1 to 36 Ma is M1(F)
for scales 1 to 36
C | C# | D | D# | E | F | F# | G | G# | A | A# | B | c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S | ** | ** | ** | ** | M | ** | P | ** | ** | ** | ** | s |
7 In scales 37 to 72 Ma is M2 (F#)
for scales 37 to 72
C | C# | D | D# | E | F | F# | G | G# | A | A# | B | c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | M | P | ** | ** | ** | ** | s |
8 Take any scale x from 1 to 36 and if you change the note M1(F) to M2(F#)you get the new scale with number x+36
eg Take scale 29 and shift M1 to M2 you get scale 65
9. Re, Ga, Dha and Ni can assume three positions, see below the table
The 72 scales and media files
72 melakarthas (Ragas from which other ragas are generated) or 72 Sampurna ragas (Raga with all 7 notes) or Janaka ragas
scale | C | C# | D | D# | E | F | F# | G | G# | A | A# | B | c | name | music file,piano |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 1 | key | ||
1 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 1 Kanakangi | Media:sc01.mid | |||||
2 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 2 Rathnangi | Media:sc02.mid | |||||
3 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 3 Ganamurthi | Media:sc03.mid | |||||
4 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 4 Vanaspathi | Media:sc04.mid | |||||
5 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 5 Manavathi | Media:sc05.mid | |||||
6 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 6 Thanapuri | Media:sc06.mid | |||||
7 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 7 Senavathi | Media:sc07.mid | |||||
8 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 8 Thodi | Media:sc08.mid | |||||
9 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 9 Dhenuka | Media:sc09.mid | |||||
10 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 10 Natakapriya | Media:sc10.mid | |||||
11 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 11 Kokilapriya | Media:sc11.mid | |||||
12 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 12 Rupavathi | Media:sc12.mid | |||||
13 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 13 Gayakapriya | Media:sc13.mid | |||||
14 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 14 Vakulabharanam | Media:sc14.mid | |||||
15 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 15 Mayamalavagoula | Media:sc15.mid | |||||
16 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 16 Chakravaham | Media:sc16.mid | |||||
17 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 17 Suryakantham | Media:sc17.mid | |||||
18 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 18 Hathakambari | Media:sc18.mid | |||||
19 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 19 Jhankaradhvani | Media:sc19.mid | |||||
20 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 20 Natabhairavi | Media:sc20.mid | |||||
21 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 21 Kiravani | Media:sc21.mid | |||||
22 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 22 Kharaharapriya | Media:sc22.mid | |||||
23 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 23 Gaurimanohari | Media:sc23.mid | |||||
24 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 24 Varunapriya | Media:sc24.mid | |||||
25 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 25 Mararanjani | Media:sc25.mid | |||||
26 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 26 Charukeshi | Media:sc26.mid | |||||
27 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 27 Sarasangi | Media:sc27.mid | |||||
28 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 28 Harikamboji | Media:sc28.mid | |||||
29 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 29 Shankarabharanam | Media:sc29.mid | |||||
30 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 30 Naganandini | Media:sc30.mid | |||||
31 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 31 Yagapriya | Media:sc31.mid | |||||
32 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 32 Raagavardhini | Media:sc32.mid | |||||
33 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 33 Gangeyabhushani | Media:sc33.mid | |||||
34 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 34 Vagadhishvari | Media:sc34.mid | |||||
35 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 35 Sulini | Media:sc35.mid | |||||
36 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 36 Chalanata | Media:sc36.mid | |||||
37 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 37 Salagam | Media:sc37.mid | |||||
38 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 38 Jalarnavam | Media:sc38.mid | |||||
39 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 39 Jalavarali | Media:sc39.mid | |||||
40 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 40 Navanitham | Media:sc40.mid | |||||
41 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 41 Pavani | Media:sc41.mid | |||||
42 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 42 Raghupriya | Media:sc42.mid | |||||
43 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 43 Gavambhodi | Media:sc43.mid | |||||
44 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 44 Bhavapriya | Media:sc44.mid | |||||
45 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 45 Shubhapanthuvarali | Media:sc45.mid | |||||
46 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 46 Shadvidhamargini | Media:sc46.mid | |||||
47 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 47 Suvarnangi | Media:sc47.mid | |||||
48 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 48 Divyamani | Media:sc48.mid | |||||
49 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 49 Dhavalmbari | Media:sc49.mid | |||||
50 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 50 Namanarayani | Media:sc50.mid | |||||
51 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 51 Kamavardhini | Media:sc51.mid | |||||
52 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 52 Ramapriya | Media:sc52.mid | |||||
53 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 53 Gamanasrama | Media:sc53.mid | |||||
54 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 54 Vishvambari | Media:sc54.mid | |||||
55 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 55 Shyamalangi | Media:sc55.mid | |||||
56 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 56 Shanmughapriya | Media:sc56.mid | |||||
57 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 57 Simhendramdyamam | Media:sc57.mid | |||||
58 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 58 Hemavathi | Media:sc58.mid | |||||
59 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 59 Dharmavathi | Media:sc59.mid | |||||
60 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 60 Nithimati | Media:sc60.mid | |||||
61 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 61 Kanthamani | Media:sc61.mid | |||||
62 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 62 Rishabhapriya | Media:sc62.mid | |||||
63 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 63 Lathangi | Media:sc63.mid | |||||
64 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 64 Vachaspathi | Media:sc64.mid | |||||
65 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 65 Kalyani | Media:sc65.mid | |||||
66 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 66 Chithrambari | Media:sc66.mid | |||||
67 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 67 Sucharitha | Media:sc67.mid | |||||
68 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 68 Jyothisvarupini | Media:sc68.mid | |||||
69 | S | R | G | m | P | D | N | s | 69 Dhathuvardhini | Media:sc69.mid | |||||
70 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 70 Nasikabhushani | Media:sc70.mid | |||||
71 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 71 Kosalam | Media:sc71.mid | |||||
72 | S | R | G | M | P | D | N | s | 72 Rasikapriya | Media:sc72.mid |
note: The music files given above gives corresponding notes of scales. For more details refer to raga
Rules continued..
see the positions of Re and Ga
scale | C | C# | D | D# | E | F | F# | G | G# | A | A# | B | c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
for scales 1-6 | S | R | G | _ | _ | M | |||||||
for scales 7-12 | S | R | _ | G | _ | M | |||||||
for scales 13-18 | S | R | _ | _ | G_ | M | |||||||
for scales 19-24 | S | _ | R | G | _ | M | |||||||
for scales 25-30 | S | _ | R | _ | G_ | M | |||||||
for scales 31-36 | S | _ | _ | R | G | M |
So You have seen that scales can be divided into groups of six (1-6 , 7-12, ...)
The pattern of Dha and Ni are very similar to that of Re and Ga.
The positions of Dha an Ni are as follows
In each group the first member (1,7,13,19,..) the positions are
scale | G | G# | A | A# | B | c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
for first member | P | D | N | _ | _ | s |
for sescond member | p | D | _ | N | _ | s |
for third member | P | D | _ | _ | N_ | s |
for fourth member | P | _ | D | N | _ | s |
for fifth member | P | _ | D | _ | N | s |
for sixth member | P | _ | _ | D | N | s |
8 Take any scale x from 1 to 36 and if you change the note M1(F) to M2(F#)you get the new scale with number x+36
eg Take scale 29 and shift M1 to M2 you get scale 65
References
reference "Varnamanjari" By T.K. Govinda Rao
Further Reading
For more details refer to melakartha
For western scales refer to Musical scales
Compiled by --Piuskerala 09:18, 18 March 2007 (UTC)