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There are 72 parent scales in Carnatic music(South indian music).
There are 72 parent scales in Carnatic music(South indian music).
All [[raga]]s in carnatic music are based on one of these parent scales.
All [[raga]]s in carnatic music are based on one of these parent scales.
In all texts descrbing the notes of any compositions, along with ascending and descending notes of [[raga]]s the scale number is also
In all texts describing the notes of any compositions, along with ascending ([[Arohan]])and descending([[Avarohan]]) notes of [[raga]]s the scale number is also
given. From the scale number the notes can be easily identified and played.
given. From the scale number the notes can be easily identified and played.
eg. [[Raga]] Hamsadwani the ascending notes are Sa Re Ga Pa Ni Sa in scale 29.
eg. [[Raga]] Hamsadwani the ascending notes are Sa Re Ga Pa Ni Sa in scale 29.


(Do=Sa Re=Re Me=Ga Fa=Ma So=Pa La=Da Te= Ni )
(Do=Sa Re=Re Me=Ga Fa=Ma So=Pa La=Dha Te= Ni )


Assuming C as the basic note then the scale 29 is equivalent to
Assuming C as the basic note then the scale 29 is equivalent to

Revision as of 07:49, 23 March 2007

Indian Musical Scale.

There are 72 parent  scales in Carnatic music(South indian music).

All ragas in carnatic music are based on one of these parent scales. In all texts describing the notes of any compositions, along with ascending (Arohan)and descending(Avarohan) notes of ragas the scale number is also given. From the scale number the notes can be easily identified and played. eg. Raga Hamsadwani the ascending notes are Sa Re Ga Pa Ni Sa in scale 29.

(Do=Sa Re=Re Me=Ga Fa=Ma So=Pa La=Dha Te= Ni )

Assuming C as the basic note then the scale 29 is equivalent to C major. and the notes are Do Re Me So La or the corresponding notes are C D E G B There is a systmatic scientific method for describing Indian musical scale. The scales described below are the scales of Carnatic Music(South indian music). Once you know the rules it is easy to find the corresponding notes of any scale.

General Rules

1. There are twelve notes in an octave

C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B c
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1

2. In a scale only 7 notes swaras are used at a time

and their names are Sa(Do) Re(Re) Ga(Me) Ma(Fa) Pa(So) Dha(La) Ni(Te)

eg. Scale 29 C Major Media:Sc29.mid

Do - Re - Me Fa - So - La - Te Do
S ** R ** G M ** P ** D ** N s


3. In all the 72 scales the basic note called Sa is fixed (assume that it is C in western notation)

4. The fifth note Pa is also fixed (G)

for 1 to 72 scales

C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B c
S ** ** ** ** ** ** P ** ** ** ** s

5. The fourth note Ma can assume two positions M1(F) and M2(F#)

6. In all scales form 1 to 36 Ma is M1(F)

for scales 1 to 36

C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B c
S ** ** ** ** M ** P ** ** ** ** s


7 In scales 37 to 72 Ma is M2 (F#)

for scales 37 to 72

C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B c
S ** ** ** ** ** M P ** ** ** ** s


8 Take any scale x from 1 to 36 and if you change the note M1(F) to M2(F#)you get the new scale with number x+36 eg Take scale 29 and shift M1 to M2 you get scale 65

9. Re, Ga, Dha and Ni can assume three positions, see below the table

The 72 scales and media files

72 melakarthas (Ragas from which other ragas are generated) or 72 Sampurna ragas (Raga with all 7 notes) or Janaka ragas

scale C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B c name music file,piano
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 key
1 S R G M P D N s 1 Kanakangi Media:sc01.mid
2 S R G M P D N s 2 Rathnangi Media:sc02.mid
3 S R G M P D N s 3 Ganamurthi Media:sc03.mid
4 S R G M P D N s 4 Vanaspathi Media:sc04.mid
5 S R G M P D N s 5 Manavathi Media:sc05.mid
6 S R G M P D N s 6 Thanapuri Media:sc06.mid
7 S R G M P D N s 7 Senavathi Media:sc07.mid
8 S R G M P D N s 8 Thodi Media:sc08.mid
9 S R G M P D N s 9 Dhenuka Media:sc09.mid
10 S R G M P D N s 10 Natakapriya Media:sc10.mid
11 S R G M P D N s 11 Kokilapriya Media:sc11.mid
12 S R G M P D N s 12 Rupavathi Media:sc12.mid
13 S R G M P D N s 13 Gayakapriya Media:sc13.mid
14 S R G M P D N s 14 Vakulabharanam Media:sc14.mid
15 S R G M P D N s 15 Mayamalavagoula Media:sc15.mid
16 S R G M P D N s 16 Chakravaham Media:sc16.mid
17 S R G M P D N s 17 Suryakantham Media:sc17.mid
18 S R G M P D N s 18 Hathakambari Media:sc18.mid
19 S R G M P D N s 19 Jhankaradhvani Media:sc19.mid
20 S R G M P D N s 20 Natabhairavi Media:sc20.mid
21 S R G M P D N s 21 Kiravani Media:sc21.mid
22 S R G M P D N s 22 Kharaharapriya Media:sc22.mid
23 S R G M P D N s 23 Gaurimanohari Media:sc23.mid
24 S R G M P D N s 24 Varunapriya Media:sc24.mid
25 S R G M P D N s 25 Mararanjani Media:sc25.mid
26 S R G M P D N s 26 Charukeshi Media:sc26.mid
27 S R G M P D N s 27 Sarasangi Media:sc27.mid
28 S R G M P D N s 28 Harikamboji Media:sc28.mid
29 S R G M P D N s 29 Shankarabharanam Media:sc29.mid
30 S R G M P D N s 30 Naganandini Media:sc30.mid
31 S R G M P D N s 31 Yagapriya Media:sc31.mid
32 S R G M P D N s 32 Raagavardhini Media:sc32.mid
33 S R G M P D N s 33 Gangeyabhushani Media:sc33.mid
34 S R G M P D N s 34 Vagadhishvari Media:sc34.mid
35 S R G M P D N s 35 Sulini Media:sc35.mid
36 S R G M P D N s 36 Chalanata Media:sc36.mid
37 S R G M P D N s 37 Salagam Media:sc37.mid
38 S R G M P D N s 38 Jalarnavam Media:sc38.mid
39 S R G M P D N s 39 Jalavarali Media:sc39.mid
40 S R G M P D N s 40 Navanitham Media:sc40.mid
41 S R G M P D N s 41 Pavani Media:sc41.mid
42 S R G M P D N s 42 Raghupriya Media:sc42.mid
43 S R G M P D N s 43 Gavambhodi Media:sc43.mid
44 S R G M P D N s 44 Bhavapriya Media:sc44.mid
45 S R G M P D N s 45 Shubhapanthuvarali Media:sc45.mid
46 S R G M P D N s 46 Shadvidhamargini Media:sc46.mid
47 S R G M P D N s 47 Suvarnangi Media:sc47.mid
48 S R G M P D N s 48 Divyamani Media:sc48.mid
49 S R G M P D N s 49 Dhavalmbari Media:sc49.mid
50 S R G M P D N s 50 Namanarayani Media:sc50.mid
51 S R G M P D N s 51 Kamavardhini Media:sc51.mid
52 S R G M P D N s 52 Ramapriya Media:sc52.mid
53 S R G M P D N s 53 Gamanasrama Media:sc53.mid
54 S R G M P D N s 54 Vishvambari Media:sc54.mid
55 S R G M P D N s 55 Shyamalangi Media:sc55.mid
56 S R G M P D N s 56 Shanmughapriya Media:sc56.mid
57 S R G M P D N s 57 Simhendramdyamam Media:sc57.mid
58 S R G M P D N s 58 Hemavathi Media:sc58.mid
59 S R G M P D N s 59 Dharmavathi Media:sc59.mid
60 S R G M P D N s 60 Nithimati Media:sc60.mid
61 S R G M P D N s 61 Kanthamani Media:sc61.mid
62 S R G M P D N s 62 Rishabhapriya Media:sc62.mid
63 S R G M P D N s 63 Lathangi Media:sc63.mid
64 S R G M P D N s 64 Vachaspathi Media:sc64.mid
65 S R G M P D N s 65 Kalyani Media:sc65.mid
66 S R G M P D N s 66 Chithrambari Media:sc66.mid
67 S R G M P D N s 67 Sucharitha Media:sc67.mid
68 S R G M P D N s 68 Jyothisvarupini Media:sc68.mid
69 S R G m P D N s 69 Dhathuvardhini Media:sc69.mid
70 S R G M P D N s 70 Nasikabhushani Media:sc70.mid
71 S R G M P D N s 71 Kosalam Media:sc71.mid
72 S R G M P D N s 72 Rasikapriya Media:sc72.mid

note: The music files given above gives corresponding notes of scales. For more details refer to raga

Rules continued..

see the positions of Re and Ga

scale C C# D D# E F F# G G# A A# B c
for scales 1-6 S R G _ _ M
for scales 7-12 S R _ G _ M
for scales 13-18 S R _ _ G_ M
for scales 19-24 S _ R G _ M
for scales 25-30 S _ R _ G_ M
for scales 31-36 S _ _ R G M

So You have seen that scales can be divided into groups of six (1-6 , 7-12, ...)

The pattern of Dha and Ni are very similar to that of Re and Ga.

The positions of Dha an Ni are as follows

In each group the first member (1,7,13,19,..) the positions are

scale G G# A A# B c
for first member P D N _ _ s
for sescond member p D _ N _ s
for third member P D _ _ N_ s
for fourth member P _ D N _ s
for fifth member P _ D _ N s
for sixth member P _ _ D N s


8 Take any scale x from 1 to 36 and if you change the note M1(F) to M2(F#)you get the new scale with number x+36 eg Take scale 29 and shift M1 to M2 you get scale 65

References

reference "Varnamanjari" By T.K. Govinda Rao


Further Reading

For more details refer to melakartha

For western scales refer to Musical scales


Compiled by --Piuskerala 09:18, 18 March 2007 (UTC)