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<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ng Kok Song, Tan Kin Lian, Tharman Shanmugaratnam qualify as presidential candidates; George Goh ineligible |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/eld-presidental-election-2023-certificate-eligibility-candidates-3697306 |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ng Kok Song, Tan Kin Lian, Tharman Shanmugaratnam qualify as presidential candidates; George Goh ineligible |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/eld-presidental-election-2023-certificate-eligibility-candidates-3697306 |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref>

Tharman won the election with 70.40% of the vote.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Correspondent |first=Goh Yan HanPolitical |date=2023-09-02 |title=Landslide 70.4 per cent victory for president-elect Tharman |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/politics/landslide-704-per-cent-victory-for-president-elect-tharman |access-date=2023-09-01 |issn=0585-3923}}</ref>


==Awards==
==Awards==

Revision as of 16:40, 1 September 2023

Tharman Shanmugaratnam
தர்மன் சண்முகரத்னம்
Tharman in 2022
President-elect of Singapore
Assuming office
14 September 2023
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
SucceedingHalimah Yacob
Ministerial offices
Senior Minister of Singapore
In office
1 May 2019 – 7 July 2023
Serving with Teo Chee Hean
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
Preceded byVacant
Succeeded byTeo Chee Hean
Coordinating Minister for Social Policies
In office
1 October 2015 – 7 July 2023
Economic and Social Policies: 1 October 2015 – 30 April 2019
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byHeng Swee Keat
Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore
In office
21 May 2011 – 1 May 2019
Serving with Teo Chee Hean (2009–2019)
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
Preceded byWong Kan Seng
Succeeded byHeng Swee Keat
Minister for Finance
In office
1 December 2007 – 30 September 2015
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
Second MinisterLim Hwee Hua
Preceded byLee Hsien Loong
Succeeded byHeng Swee Keat
Minister for Manpower
In office
21 May 2011 – 31 July 2012
Prime MinisterLee Hsien Loong
Preceded byGan Kim Yong
Succeeded byTan Chuan-Jin
Minister for Education
In office
1 August 2003 – 31 March 2008
Prime MinisterGoh Chok Tong
Lee Hsien Loong
Second MinisterNg Eng Hen
Preceded byTeo Chee Hean
Succeeded byNg Eng Hen
Parliamentary offices
Member of Parliament
for Jurong GRC
(Taman Jurong)
In office
3 November 2001 – 7 July 2023
Preceded byConstituency established
Majority60,501 (49.24%)
Personal details
Born
Tharman Shanmugaratnam

(1957-02-25) 25 February 1957 (age 67)[1]
Singapore
Political partyIndependent
Other political
affiliations		People's Action Party
(2001–2023)
SpouseJane Yumiko Ittogi
Children4
Parent
EducationLondon School of Economics (BSc)
University of Cambridge (MPhil)
Harvard University (MPA)
Occupation
  • Politician
  • economist
Signature

Tharman Shanmugaratnam[a] PBM (born 25 February 1957) is a Singaporean statesman and economist who is the president-elect of Singapore. He served as Senior Minister of Singapore between 2019 and 2023, and Coordinating Minister for Social Policies between 2015 and 2023, and Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore between 2011 and 2023.[1]

An economist by profession, Tharman has spent his entire working life in the public service for Singapore, in roles principally related to economic and social policies. He has also led various high-level international councils and panels simultaneously. Tharman currently chairs the Board of Trustees of the Group of Thirty, a global council of economic and financial leaders from the public and private sectors and academia. He also co-chairs the Global Commission on the Economics of Water with Ngozi Owonjo-Iweala, Mariana Mazzucato and Johan Rockström. Its initial recommendations helped shape the outcomes of the UN Water Conference in March 2023. Tharman has also been co-chairing the G20 High Level Independent Panel on Global Financing for Pandemic Preparedness and Response alongside Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Lawrence Summers since 2021. In 2017, Tharman was appointed to chair the G20 Eminent Persons Group on Global Financial Governance.

Tharman is also a member of the Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum (WEF). In addition, Tharman is a member of the United Nations Secretary-General's High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism, that will make recommendations on Effective Multilateralism for the UN Summit of the Future in 2024.[2] He also chaired the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), the policy advisory committee of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), from 2011 to 2014, becoming the first ever Asian chair. In addition, he co-chaired the Advisory Board of the Human Development Report (HDR) of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) from 2019 to 2022.

A former member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), he was the Member of Parliament (MP) representing the Taman Jurong division of Jurong GRC between 2001 and 2023. He also served as Deputy Prime Minister between 2011 and 2019, Minister for Finance between 2007 and 2015, Minister for Education between 2003 and 2008.

Tharman made his political debut in the 2001 general election, and has been re-elected to Parliament four times at subsequent general elections in 2006, 2011, 2015 and 2020. On 8 June 2023, Tharman announced his intention to run for the 2023 presidential election. Subsequently, he has announced his scheduled resignation on 7 July 2023 from all his positions in the government and as a member of the PAP, as the presidency is a non-partisan office.[3]

Early life and education

Born in Singapore, Tharman attended the Anglo-Chinese School before graduating from the London School of Economics (LSE) with a Bachelor of Science degree in economics. (LSE later awarded him an Honorary Fellowship in 2011).[4]

He subsequently went on to Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge, where he completed a Master of Philosophy degree in economics.[5] He then became a student at the Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University, where completed a Master in Public Administration (MPA) degree and was a recipient of the Lucius N. Littauer Fellows Award (given to MPA students who demonstrate academic excellence and leadership).

Tharman was a student activist while studying in the United Kingdom during the 1970s.[6] He originally held socialist beliefs, but his views on economics evolved over the course of his working career.[6]

Early career

Tharman started his working career at the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), where he became its chief economist. He later joined the Singapore Administrative Service and served in the Ministry of Education as Senior Deputy Secretary for Policy,[7] before returning to the MAS where he eventually became its managing director. He was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Gold) in 1999.[8] He resigned as managing director of the MAS to contest in the 2001 general election as a candidate for the People's Action Party.

Official Secrets Act case

While serving as director of the Economics Department of the MAS in 1992, Tharman was one of five persons charged under the Official Secrets Act (OSA) in a case involving the publication of Singapore's 1992 second-quarter flash GDP growth projections in the Business Times newspaper. The others included the editor, Patrick Daniel, of the Business Times.[9]

The OSA case, which stretched over more than a year, was reported extensively in the Singapore press.[10][11] Tharman contested and was eventually acquitted of the charge of communicating the GDP growth flash projections.[12] The District Court then introduced a lesser charge of negligence, as the prosecution's case had been that the figures were seen on a document that he had with him on a table during his meeting with private sector economists together with one of his colleagues.[13] Tharman also contested this lesser charge of negligence, and defended himself on the witness stand for a few days.[14]

The Court nevertheless convicted him together with all the others in the case.[15] Tharman was fined S$1,500, and the others S$2,000.[15] As there was no finding that he communicated any classified information, the case did not pose any hurdle to his subsequent appointment as the managing director of the MAS, nor to his subsequent larger national responsibilities.

Political career

Tharman made his political debut in the 2001 general election, contesting in Jurong GRC as part of a five-member PAP team, and won 79.75% of the vote. Tharman was subsequently appointed Senior Minister of State for Trade and Industry and Senior Minister of State for Education.

He was appointed to the Cabinet as Minister for Education in 2003, and served in this role until 2008.

After retaining his parliamentary seat in the 2006 general election, Tharman was appointed Second Minister for Finance (alongside his role as Minister for Education).[16] On 1 December 2007, he was appointed Minister for Finance.[17]

Following the 2011 general election, Tharman was appointed Deputy Prime Minister, while retaining his portfolio as Minister for Finance. He also served as Minister for Manpower between 2011 and 2012 concurrently. He stepped down as Minister for Finance on 30 September 2015 after 9 years.

At the 2015 general election, Jurong GRC anchored by Tharman, won 79.3% of the vote against the five-member Singaporeans First team.

Tharman was elected to the Central Executive Committee of the People's Action Party in December 2002, and was appointed 2nd Assistant Secretary-General in May 2011. After the 2015 general election, Tharman remained Deputy Prime Minister and was also appointed Coordinating Minister for Economic and Social Policies in October 2015.[18]

On 23 April 2019, it was announced that both Tharman and Teo Chee Hean were appointed Senior Ministers effective from 1 May 2019 under a Cabinet reshuffle, relinquishing their respective Deputy Prime Minister portfolios. Tharman would also be Coordinating Minister for Social Policies and advise the prime minister on economic policies.[19]

Tharman retained his parliamentary seat in Jurong GRC at the 2020 general election, after winning 74.62% of the vote against the five-member Red Dot United team.

In July 2023, Tharman stepped down from Parliament and all his positions in the government and resigned as a member of the PAP in order to stand as a candidate in Singapore's 2023 presidential election.

Other roles

Chairman of the MAS (2011–2023)

Tharman served as Chairman of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) for 12 years from 1 May 2011 until 7 July 2023 where he was succeeded by Lawrence Wong who was serving as Deputy Chairman at the time.[20][21]

Deputy Chairman of GIC (2019–2023)

In May 2019, Tharman was appointed Deputy Chairman of GIC, Singapore's sovereign wealth fund. He stepped down as Deputy Chairman of GIC on 7 July 2023. In addition, Tharman also served as Director of GIC between 2004 and 2023, and Chairman of the Investment Strategies Committee (ISC) between 2011 and 2023. On 7 July 2023, Tharman was succeeded by Lawrence Wong as Chairman of the Investment Strategies Committee (ISC).

Chairman of the IAC of the EDB (2014–2023)

Tharman chaired the International Advisory Council (IAC) of the Economic Development Board (EDB) between 2014 and 2023,[22] and the International Academic Advisory Panel that advises the Singapore Government on strategies regarding the university sector.[23] On 8 July 2023, Tharman was succeeded by Lawrence Wong as Chairman of the International Advisory Council (IAC) of the Economic Development Board (EDB).

Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)

Tharman chairs the Board of Trustees of the Singapore Indian Development Association (SINDA),[24] which seeks to uplift educational performance and aspirations in the Indian community in Singapore. He also chairs the Ong Teng Cheong Labour Leadership Institute.

He chairs the National Jobs Council aimed at rebuilding skills and jobs for Singaporeans in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.[25]

Tharman has led the SkillsFuture programme, launched in 2014 with the aim of developing skills of the future, and opportunities for life-long learning and job upskilling among Singaporeans. He also chaired the tripartite Council for Skills, Innovation and Productivity (CSIP) until May 2017.[26]

Tharman co-chaired several bilateral committees to promote economic and trade relations between Singapore and other countries, including the Singapore-Liaoning Economic and Trade Council from 2004 to 2008,[27] and the High-Level Russia-Singapore Inter-Governmental Commission from 2011 to 2020.[28]

International appointments

Chairman of the IMFC (2011–2014)

In 2011, members of the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), the policy advisory committee of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), appointed Tharman as its chair where he served until 2014. In announcing Tharman's selection, the IMF said that his "broad experience, deep knowledge of economic and financial issues, and active engagement with global policy makers will be highly valuable to the IMFC".[29]

Chair of the G20 EPG (2017–present)

In April 2017, Tharman was appointed by the G20 to chair the G20 Eminent Persons Group (EPG) on Global Financial Governance. In October 2018, the Group proposed reforms[30] for a more effective system of global development finance and for financial stability.

Chair of the Group of Thirty (2017–2022)

On 1 January 2017, Tharman succeeded Jean-Claude Trichet as Chair of the Group of Thirty, an independent global council of leading economic and financial policy-makers.[31] Tharman was subsequently succeeded by Mark Carney, and was appointed Chairman of the Board of Trustees on 1 January 2023.

Co-Chair of the Advisory Board of the UNDP HDR (2019–2022)

On 22 May 2019, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) announced that Tharman will be co-chairing the Advisory Board of the Human Development Report (HDR) 2019 alongside Thomas Piketty. He was reappointed twice, to co-chair the Advisory Board of the Human Development Report 2020 alongside Michael Spence,[32] and the Advisory Board of the Human Development Report 2021/2022 alongside Michele Lamont.[33]

Board of Trustees of the WEF (2019–present)

In May 2019, Tharman was appointed a member of the Board of Trustees of the World Economic Forum (WEF).[34]

Co-Chair of the G20 HILP (2021–present)

In January 2021, Tharman was appointed by the G20 to co-chair the G20 High Level Independent Panel (HLIP) on Financing the Global Commons for Pandemic Preparedness and Response, alongside Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Lawrence Summers.

High‑Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (2022–present)

In March 2022, Tharman was appointed a member of the United Nations Secretary-General's High‑Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism.[2]

Co-Chair of the Global Commission on the Economics of Water (2022–present)

Tharman co-chairs the Global Commission on the Economics of Water with Ngozi Owonjo-Iweala, Mariana Mazzucato and Johan Rockström. Its initial recommendations helped shape the outcomes of the UN Water Conference in March 2023.[35]

2023 presidential bid

See also: 2023 Singaporean presidential election

On 8 June 2023, Tharman announced his intention to be a candidate in the 2023 presidential election.[3][36] He resigned from all his positions in the government and as a member of the People's Action Party on 7 July 2023 in order to stand in the election as the presidency is a non-partisan position.

On 26 July 2023, Tharman launched his presidential campaign with the campaign slogan "Respect for All".[37] On 7 August 2023, he submitted his application for the Certificate of Eligibility (COE) to the Elections Department.[38] He was issued the COE on 18 August 2023 by the Presidential Elections Committee (PEC).

On Polling Day, 1 September 2023,

Tharman received the highest vote count of 70.40% compared to the other candidates - Ng Kok Song (15.72%) and Tan Kin Lian (13.88%) and was thus elected as the ninth President of the Republic of Singapor[39][40]e.

[41]

Awards

In July 2010, Tharman became the fourth recipient of the Honorary Fellowship of the Economic Society of Singapore,[42] after Goh Keng Swee, Lim Chong Yah, and Goh Chok Tong.

Tharman was named Finance Minister of the Year 2013 by Euromoney,[43] in recognition of the roles he played in the economic restructuring of Singapore and as statesman of the region on the international stage.

In May 2017, the National Trades Union Congress (NTUC) conferred its highest award,[44] the Medal of Honour, on Tharman for his varied contributions to the labour movement including "driving national initiatives to better the lives of workers" and "his deep commitment to building an inclusive society".[45]

In May 2019, Tharman was conferred Honorary Membership of the Singapore Medical Association.[46]

In June 2019, Tharman was conferred the Freedom of the City of London,[47] in recognition of his contributions to global financial governance and strengthening ties between Singapore and London.

In October 2019, Tharman received the Institute of International Finance's inaugural Distinguished Leadership and Service Award,[48] together with Bank of England Governor Mark Carney, for his role as a leading proponent of global reforms to de-risk and grow development finance and to achieve more resilient capital flows.

Personal life

Ancestry and family

Tharman is a multi-generational Singaporean of Ceylonese Tamil[49][50] ancestry from the 19th century. One of three children, Tharman is the son of Emeritus Professor K. Shanmugaratnam,[50] a medical scientist known as the "father of pathology in Singapore", who founded the Singapore Cancer Registry and led a number of international organisations related to cancer research and pathology.[51][52][53]

Tharman is married to Jane Yumiko Ittogi, a Singaporean lawyer of mixed Chinese-Japanese ancestry,[54] who is 3 years his senior.[55] She is actively engaged in social enterprise and the non-profit arts sector in Singapore. The couple have one daughter and three sons together.

Miscellaneous

Tharman was an active sportsman in his youth, and has highlighted the way sports instils lessons for life. He spoke about sports as a form of education in Game for Life: 25 Journeys[56], published by the Singapore Sports Council in 2013, as "a huge deal for character... Children learn the value of teams. They learn the discipline of repeated practice, and how there is no other way to develop expertise. Plus, the ability to fall or lose in competition and pick oneself up... with humility."

In Singapore's Chinese-language media, Tharman is often referred to as (Chinese: 尚达曼; pinyin: Shàng Dámàn), an approximate transliteration of his name, Tharman Shanmugaratnam.[57] It was given to him by a leading Chinese language specialist in 1995. Tharman has engaged in Chinese calligraphy since 2002.

Notes

  1. ^ Tamil: தர்மன் சண்முகரத்தினம்

References

  1. ^ a b "MP | Parliament Of Singapore".
  2. ^ a b "Note to Correspondents: Secretary-General's High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism Comprises 12 Eminent Current or Former Global Leaders, Officials, Experts". United Nations. 18 March 2022.
  3. ^ a b Goh, Han Yan (8 June 2023). "SM Tharman to run for president, will resign from Govt and PAP on July 7". The Straits Times. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  4. ^ "LSE announces its new Honorary Fellows". Archived from the original on 3 October 2015.
  5. ^ "New MAS chief is top-notch economist". Straits Times – via Factiva.
  6. ^ a b "Ching, Leong (29 October 2001). "Politics not new to former student activist"". Straits Times – via Factiva.
  7. ^ "Financial review panel formed". Straits Times. 23 August 1997 – via Factiva.
  8. ^ "Singapore Monetary Authority gets new managing director". Agence France-Presse. Factiva. 20 February 2001.
  9. ^ Richardson, Michael (22 October 1993). "Singapore Puts Top Prosecutor on News Leak". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 October 2016.
  10. ^ Fernandez, Warren (29 April 1993). "Four to be tried jointly; 'no' to more information". Straits Times. Factiva.
  11. ^ "Secret memo shows ISD didn't probe 'leak' of sectoral figures". Straits Times. Factiva. 29 October 1993.
  12. ^ Fernandez, Warren (5 December 1993). "No proof Shanmugaratnam passed secret info: Judge". Straits Times. Factiva.
  13. ^ "Singapore 'Secrets' Trial Downgraded". South China Morning Post. Factiva. 6 December 1993.
  14. ^ Sen, Ajoy (3 March 1994). "Singapore secrets trial hears testimony on security". Reuters. Factiva.
  15. ^ a b "Journalists, economists guilty after marathon trial". Agence France-Presse. Factiva. 31 March 1994.
  16. ^ The Government of Singapore (21 June 2006). "The Cabinet – Mr Tharman Shanmugaratnam". Archived from the original on 18 March 2007.
  17. ^ Popatlal, Asha (29 November 2007). "PM Lee to relinquish Finance Minister post, Tharman takes over". Archived from the original on 30 November 2007.
  18. ^ CNA, Singapore. "PM Lee and Singapore's new Cabinet sworn in". Archived from the original on 5 October 2015.
  19. ^ "Heng Swee Keat to be promoted to DPM in Cabinet reshuffle". Archived from the original on 23 April 2019.
  20. ^ "Our History". www.mas.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 14 September 2020.
  21. ^ "Executive Profile: Tharman Shanmugaratnam". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020.
  22. ^ Kang Shiong, Goh (25 April 2014). "Tharman to chair EDB's International Advisory Council". Business Times.
  23. ^ Ng, Jing Yng (27 June 2015). "Tertiary programme outcomes should be assessed, says panel". Today. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  24. ^ "Ten prominent Indians get two-year terms on Sinda board". Straits Times. Factiva. 14 August 1991.
  25. ^ "First Meeting of National Jobs Council". www.mti.gov.sg. Retrieved 8 June 2023.
  26. ^ Lam, Lydia (1 May 2017). "Jobs, jobs, jobs: 8 highlights from PM Lee Hsien Loong's May Day Rally". Straits Times. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017.
  27. ^ "MR THARMAN SHANMUGARATNAM TO VISIT CHINA FROM 18 TO 23 APRIL 2004". National Archive Singapore.
  28. ^ "Introductory Meeting Between the Co-Chairs of the High-Level Russia-Singapore Inter-Governmental Commission, Senior Minister and Coordinating Minister for Social Policies Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Chernyshenko". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore.
  29. ^ "Press Release: IMFC Selects Tharman Shanmugaratnam as New Chairman". Archived from the original on 14 May 2011.
  30. ^ "G20 Eminent Persons Group(EPG) on Global Financial Governance". Archived from the original on 26 September 2019.
  31. ^ Yong, Charissa (1 December 2016). "Tharman to chair global financial experts' group". Archived from the original on 1 December 2017.
  32. ^ "2020 Human Development Report Advisory Board Members". Human Development Reports.
  33. ^ "2021/22 Human Development Report Advisory Board Members". Human Development Reports.
  34. ^ "World Economic Forum appoints new member to Board of Trustees". World Economic Forum. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019.
  35. ^ "Head Topics UK: Tharman to co-chair new global group on governing the use of water, 25 May 2022". GCEW.
  36. ^ "Tharman Shanmugaratnam to run for President in Singapore, will resign from PAP". CNA. 8 June 2023.
  37. ^ Goh, Yan Han; Ho, Grace (26 July 2023). "Tharman launches bid for presidency, cautions against 'artificial distinctions' based on past affiliations". The Straits Times. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  38. ^ Ho, Grace (7 August 2023). "Tharman Shanmugaratnam submits presidential election eligibility forms". The Straits Times. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 18 August 2023.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  39. ^ Correspondent, Goh Yan HanPolitical (2 September 2023). "Landslide 70.4 per cent victory for president-elect Tharman". The Straits Times. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 1 September 2023. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  40. ^ Correspondent, Goh Yan HanPolitical (2 September 2023). "Landslide 70.4 per cent victory for president-elect Tharman". The Straits Times. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 1 September 2023. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  41. ^ "Ng Kok Song, Tan Kin Lian, Tharman Shanmugaratnam qualify as presidential candidates; George Goh ineligible". CNA. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  42. ^ "Economic Society of Singapore Honorary Fellows".
  43. ^ "Tharman Shanmugaratnam, the finance minister of Singapore, has been named Euromoney's Finance Minister of the Year 2013". 11 October 2013.
  44. ^ "Tharman receives NTUC's highest May Day honour". 13 May 2017.
  45. ^ "NTUC news". Archived from the original on 25 August 2018.
  46. ^ "SMA Annual Dinner 2019". 2019.
  47. ^ "Senior Minister Tharman arrives in London for working visit". 9 June 2019.
  48. ^ "IF Names Singapore Senior Minister Tharman Shanmugaratnam and Bank of England Governor Mark Carney Inaugural "Distinguished Leadership and Service Award" Recipients". 17 October 2019.
  49. ^ "Mutton munchy". 12 July 2015. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016.
  50. ^ a b "Tamils in Federated Malaya and Singapore". Daily News. 19 February 2016. Archived from the original on 5 October 2016.
  51. ^ "Aiyoh! After 16 years, he still can't say 'lah". Archived from the original on 5 October 2016.
  52. ^ "Interview with Emeritus Professor K Shanmugaratnam" (PDF). SMA News. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 December 2010.
  53. ^ "Working Overtime". Archived from the original on 5 October 2016.
  54. ^ "Try discipline with love – Acting Education Minister Tharman: My kids, their Mandarin and their future in China". The New Paper. 9 June 2004. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008.
  55. ^ "Tharman believes S'pore is ready for a non-Chinese PM". The Straits Times. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  56. ^ "Game for Life: 25 Journeys" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2019.
  57. ^ "尚达曼：善用科技保存和分配水资源 能化解气候危机隐忧". 8world (in Chinese (Singapore)). Singapore. 25 May 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2022.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tharman Shanmugaratnam.
Parliament of Singapore
New constituency Member of the Singaporean Parliament
for Taman Jurong's Jurong Group Representation Constituency
2001–2023 		Succeeded byas MPs for Jurong GRC (Bukit Batok East), (Clementi), (Jurong Central), (Jurong Spring)
Political offices
Preceded by Minister for Education
2003–2008 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister for Finance
2007–2015 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore
2011–2019
Served alongside: Teo Chee Hean
Preceded by Minister for Manpower
2011–2012 		Succeeded by
New office Coordinating Minister for Social Policies
Coordinating Minister for Economic and Social Policies: 2015–2019
2015–2023 		Succeeded byas Coordinating Minister for Economic Policies
Vacant
Title last held by
S. Jayakumar
Goh Chok Tong
2011 		Senior Minister of Singapore
2019–2023
Served alongside: Teo Chee Hean 		Succeeded by
Government offices
Preceded by Chair of the Monetary Authority of Singapore
2011–2023 		Succeeded by
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