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==History of discovery==
==History of discovery==


''Blikanasaurus'' was first discovered by a partial [[hindlimb]] (epipodium and pes) found in the lower [[Elliot Formation]] (LEF) at the foot of Blikana mountain in [[Herschel, Eastern Cape|Herschel]], [[Eastern Cape]] of [[South Africa]] around 1965.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1965.tb00944.x |title=On the origin of the sauropods and the classification of the Saurischia |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London |volume=176 |issue=2 |pages=197–221 |year=1965 |last1=Charig |first1=A. J. |last2=Attridge |first2=J. |last3=Crompton |first3=A. W. }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0016-6995(85)80003-6 |title=Partial hindlimb of ''Blikanasaurus cromptoni'' n. gen. And n. Sp.,representing a new family of prosauropod dinosaurs from the upper triassic of South Africa |journal=Geobios |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=509–516 |year=1985 |last1=Galton |first1=Peter M. |last2=Van Heerden |first2=Jacques }}</ref> In the early 2000s, a second specimen - consisting of only a right [[Metatarsal bones|metatarsal]] - was recovered from lower [[Elliot Formation]] deposits on the farm, Damplaats, in [[Ladybrand]] of the eastern [[Free State (province)|Free State]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1098/rspb.2003.2417 |pmid=12965005 |pmc=1691423 |title=The earliest known sauropod dinosaur and the first steps towards sauropod locomotion |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |volume=270 |issue=1525 |pages=1753–1758 |year=2003 |last1=Yates |first1=Adam M. |last2=Kitching |first2=James W. }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Yates |first=Adam M. |date=2003 |title=A definite prosauropod dinosaur from the Lower Elliot Formation (Norian: Upper Triassic) of South Africa |journal=Palaeontologia Africana |volume=39 |hdl=10539/16435 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Yates |first=Adam M. |date=2008-04-04 |title=A second specimen of Blikanasaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) and the biostratigraphy of the lower Elliot Formation |hdl=10539/13807 |journal=Palaeontologia Africana |volume=43 }}</ref> A possible [[Ilium (bone)|ilium]] that has been attributed to ''Blikanasaurus'' was found recently, although this remains to be confirmed.
''Blikanasaurus'' was first discovered by a partial [[hindlimb]] (epipodium and pes) found in the lower [[Elliot Formation]] (LEF) at the foot of Blikana mountain in [[Herschel, Eastern Cape|Herschel]], [[Eastern Cape]] of [[South Africa]] in {{circa|1965}}.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8312.1965.tb00944.x |title=On the origin of the sauropods and the classification of the Saurischia |journal=Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London |volume=176 |issue=2 |pages=197–221 |year=1965 |last1=Charig |first1=A. J. |last2=Attridge |first2=J. |last3=Crompton |first3=A. W. }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0016-6995(85)80003-6 |title=Partial hindlimb of ''Blikanasaurus cromptoni'' n. gen. And n. Sp.,representing a new family of prosauropod dinosaurs from the upper triassic of South Africa |journal=Geobios |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=509–516 |year=1985 |last1=Galton |first1=Peter M. |last2=Van Heerden |first2=Jacques }}</ref> In the early 2000s, a second specimen - consisting of only a right [[Metatarsal bones|metatarsal]] - was recovered from lower [[Elliot Formation]] deposits on the farm, Damplaats, in [[Ladybrand]] of the eastern [[Free State (province)|Free State]].<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1098/rspb.2003.2417 |pmid=12965005 |pmc=1691423 |title=The earliest known sauropod dinosaur and the first steps towards sauropod locomotion |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences |volume=270 |issue=1525 |pages=1753–1758 |year=2003 |last1=Yates |first1=Adam M. |last2=Kitching |first2=James W. }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Yates |first=Adam M. |date=2003 |title=A definite prosauropod dinosaur from the Lower Elliot Formation (Norian: Upper Triassic) of South Africa |journal=Palaeontologia Africana |volume=39 |hdl=10539/16435 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Yates |first=Adam M. |date=2008-04-04 |title=A second specimen of Blikanasaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) and the biostratigraphy of the lower Elliot Formation |hdl=10539/13807 |journal=Palaeontologia Africana |volume=43 }}</ref> A possible [[Ilium (bone)|ilium]] that has been attributed to ''Blikanasaurus'' was found recently, although this remains to be confirmed.


==Description==
==Description==

Revision as of 20:40, 1 September 2023

Blikanasaurus
Temporal range: Late Triassic, 210 Ma
↓
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: †Sauropodomorpha
Clade: †Sauropoda
Family: †Blikanasauridae
Galton & van Heerden, 1985
Genus: †Blikanasaurus
Galton & van Heerden, 1985
Species:
†B. cromptoni
Binomial name
†Blikanasaurus cromptoni
Galton & van Heerden, 1985

Blikanasaurus is a genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur from the late Triassic of South Africa. The generic name Blikanasaurus is derived from Greek, meaning "lizard from Blikana". The species name cromptoni is taken from the surname of A.W. “Fuzz” Crompton, an American paleontologist who led numerous field expeditions in Elliot Formation outcrop localities in South Africa. Blikanasaurus is only known from partial hindlimb bones that were recovered from the lower Elliot Formation (LEF) in the Eastern Cape.[1]

History of discovery

Blikanasaurus was first discovered by a partial hindlimb (epipodium and pes) found in the lower Elliot Formation (LEF) at the foot of Blikana mountain in Herschel, Eastern Cape of South Africa in c. 1965.[2][3] In the early 2000s, a second specimen - consisting of only a right metatarsal - was recovered from lower Elliot Formation deposits on the farm, Damplaats, in Ladybrand of the eastern Free State.[4][5][6] A possible ilium that has been attributed to Blikanasaurus was found recently, although this remains to be confirmed.

Description

As the two known Blikanasaurus specimens are extremely incomplete, very little is understood of this sauropodomorph taxon. The only information that has been deduced is from the bones of its hindlimb anatomy, which are heavily built. This suggests that Blikanasaurus was thickly set and robust.[7][8][9]

Classification

Due to its robust build, Blikanasaurus is hypothesized to have been an obligate quadruped[citation needed], unlike what is characteristic of more basal sauropodomorphs. Due to this feature, Blikanasaurus was thought initially to be a basal sauropod. Blikanasaurus is now considered to be a basal sauropodomorph[citation needed]; however, due to the lack of complete specimens, little remains known about this enigmatic taxon.[10] Some paleontologists claimed a case to group Blikanasaurus within the family Blikanasauridae, a family named by Galton and van Heerden in 1985,[11] however, this family has not been formally accepted due to it lacking definitive taxa. The cladogram below displays the currently accepted systematics between Blikanasaurus and other sauropodomorphs.[12]

Sauropodiformes

References

  1. ^ Knoll, Fabien (2004). "Review of the tetrapod fauna of the 'Lower Stormberg Group' of the main Karoo Basin (southern Africa) : Implication for the age of the Lower Elliot Formation". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 175: 73–83. doi:10.2113/175.1.73.
  2. ^ Charig, A. J.; Attridge, J.; Crompton, A. W. (1965). "On the origin of the sauropods and the classification of the Saurischia". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. 176 (2): 197–221. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1965.tb00944.x.
  3. ^ Galton, Peter M.; Van Heerden, Jacques (1985). "Partial hindlimb of Blikanasaurus cromptoni n. gen. And n. Sp.,representing a new family of prosauropod dinosaurs from the upper triassic of South Africa". Geobios. 18 (4): 509–516. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(85)80003-6.
  4. ^ Yates, Adam M.; Kitching, James W. (2003). "The earliest known sauropod dinosaur and the first steps towards sauropod locomotion". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences. 270 (1525): 1753–1758. doi:10.1098/rspb.2003.2417. PMC 1691423. PMID 12965005.
  5. ^ Yates, Adam M. (2003). "A definite prosauropod dinosaur from the Lower Elliot Formation (Norian: Upper Triassic) of South Africa". Palaeontologia Africana. 39. hdl:10539/16435.
  6. ^ Yates, Adam M. (2008-04-04). "A second specimen of Blikanasaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) and the biostratigraphy of the lower Elliot Formation". Palaeontologia Africana. 43. hdl:10539/13807.
  7. ^ Wilson, Jeffrey A. (2005). "Integrating ichnofossil and body fossil records to estimate locomotor posture and spatiotemporal distribution of early sauropod dinosaurs: A stratocladistic approach" (PDF). Paleobiology. 31 (3): 400–423. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2005)031[0400:IIABFR]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86366057.
  8. ^ Upchurch, P.; Barrett, P. M.; Galton, P. M. (2007). Barrett, P. M.; Batten, D. J. (eds.). "A phylogenetic analysis of basal sauropodomorph relationships: Implications for the origin of sauropod dinosaurs". Special Papers in Palaeontology. 77: 57–90. Archived from the original on 2016-06-18. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
  9. ^ McPhee, Blair W.; Choiniere, Jonah N. (2016). "A hyper-robust sauropodomorph dinosaur ilium from the Upper Triassic–Lower Jurassic Elliot Formation of South Africa: Implications for the functional diversity of basal Sauropodomorpha". Journal of African Earth Sciences. 123: 177–184. Bibcode:2016JAfES.123..177M. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.08.004.
  10. ^ Peyre De Fabrègues, Claire; Allain, Ronan (2016). "New material and revision of Melanorosaurus thabanensis, a basal sauropodomorph from the Upper Triassic of Lesotho". PeerJ. 4: e1639. doi:10.7717/peerj.1639. PMC 4741091. PMID 26855874.
  11. ^ Galton, Peter M.; Van Heerden, Jacques (1985). "Partial hindlimb of Blikanasaurus cromptoni n. gen. And n. Sp.,representing a new family of prosauropod dinosaurs from the upper triassic of South Africa". Geobios. 18 (4): 509–516. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(85)80003-6.
  12. ^ Apaldetti, Cecilia; Martínez, Ricardo N.; Cerda, Ignatio A.; Pol, Diego; Alcober, Oscar (2018). "An early trend towards gigantism in Triassic sauropodomorph dinosaurs". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (8): 1227–1232. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0599-y. hdl:11336/89332. PMID 29988169. S2CID 49669597.
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