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{{subspeciesbox
{{subspeciesbox
| name = Carpathian wisent
| name = Carpathian wisent
⚫
| image =
⚫
| image_caption = Life Restoration{{sps|date=August 2023}}{{scientific citation needed|date=August 2023}}
| status = EX
| status = EX
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = {{citation needed|date=May 2011}}
| status_ref = <ref name=Tokarska2011 />
| genus = Bison
| genus = Bos
| species = bonasus
| species = bonasus
| species_link = Wisent
| species_link = Wisent
| subspecies = hungarorum
| subspecies = hungarorum
| authority = ([[Miklós Kretzoi|Kretzoi]], 1946)
| authority = ([[Miklós Kretzoi|Kretzoi]], 1946)
| extinct = 1852
| extinct = [[Holocene extinction#Historic extinction|1852]]
| grandparent_authority = <ref name=Verkaar04>{{cite journal |last1=Verkaar |first1=Edward L. C. |last2=Nijman |first2=Isaäc J. |last3=Beeke |first3=Maurice |last4=Hanekamp |first4=Eline |last5=Lenstra |first5=Johannes A. |title=Maternal and Paternal Lineages in Cross-Breeding Bovine Species. Has Wisent a Hybrid Origin? |journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution |date=July 2004 |volume=21 |issue=7 |pages=1165–1170 |doi=10.1093/molbev/msh064 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsh064 |language=en |issn=1537-1719}}</ref><ref name=Zver21>{{cite journal |last1=Zver |first1=Lars |last2=Toškan |first2=Borut |last3=Bužan |first3=Elena |title=Phylogeny of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Bison species in Europe and North America |journal=Quaternary International |date=10 September 2021 |volume=595 |pages=30–38 |doi=10.1016/j.quaint.2021.04.022 |url=https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.quaint.2021.04.022 |issn=1040-6182}}</ref><ref name=Wang18>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Kun |last2=Lenstra |first2=Johannes A. |last3=Liu |first3=Liang |last4=Hu |first4=Quanjun |last5=Ma |first5=Tao |last6=Qiu |first6=Qiang |last7=Liu |first7=Jianquan |title=Incomplete lineage sorting rather than hybridization explains the inconsistent phylogeny of the wisent |journal=Communications Biology |date=19 October 2018 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1038/s42003-018-0176-6 |url=https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs42003-018-0176-6 |language=en |issn=2399-3642}}</ref><ref name=Grange18>{{cite journal |last1=Grange |first1=Thierry |last2=Brugal |first2=Jean-Philip |last3=Flori |first3=Laurence |last4=Gautier |first4=Mathieu |last5=Uzunidis |first5=Antigone |last6=Geigl |first6=Eva-Maria |title=The Evolution and Population Diversity of Bison in Pleistocene and Holocene Eurasia: Sex Matters |journal=Diversity |date=September 2018 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=65 |doi=10.3390/d10030065 |url=https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fd10030065 |language=en |issn=1424-2818}}</ref>}}
⚫
| image =
⚫
| image_caption = Life Restoration{{sps|date=August 2023}}{{scientific citation needed|date=August 2023}}
}}


The '''Carpathian wisent''' (''Bison bonasus hungarorum'') was a [[subspecies]] of the [[European bison]] that inhabited the [[Carpathian Mountains]], [[Moldavia]] and [[Transylvania]]. It may also have lived in what are today [[Ukraine]] and [[Hungary]].
The '''Carpathian wisent''' (''Bos bonasus hungarorum''<ref name="Verkaar04" /><ref name="Zver21" /><ref name="Wang18" /><ref name="Grange18" />) is an [[Holocene extinction#Historic extinction|extinct]] [[subspecies]] of [[wisent]] that inhabited the [[Carpathian Mountains]], [[Moldavia]] and [[Transylvania]] regions of Europe.<ref name=Tokarska2011 />


==Extinction==
It began to die out about a hundred years earlier than its very close cousin, the [[Caucasian wisent]], probably because it lived nearer to the more densely populated [[Central Europe]]. Humans encroached on its habitat and overhunted the bison. The last Carpathian wisent was shot in [[Maramureș|Máramaros]] in 1852.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/social/Dupa_200_de_ani-zimbrul_se_intoarce_in_Carpati_0_668333600.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120323201146/http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/social/Dupa_200_de_ani-zimbrul_se_intoarce_in_Carpati_0_668333600.html|url-status=dead|title=După 200 de ani, zimbrul se întoarce în Carpaţi FOTOGALERII|date=23 March 2012|archivedate=23 March 2012|website=archive.is}}</ref> The subspecies is now entirely extinct.<ref name=Tokarska2011>{{cite journal | author = Tokarska, M. | year = 2011 | title = Genetic status of the European bison ''Bison bonasus'' after extinction in the wild and subsequent recovery | journal = Mammal Review | volume = 41 | issue = 2 | pages = 151–162 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2010.00178.x|display-authors=etal}}</ref>
It began to die out about a hundred years earlier than its close relative, the [[Caucasian wisent]] (''Bos bonasus caucasicus'') and was hunted to extinction in the 19th century.<ref name=Tokarska2011>{{cite journal | author = Tokarska, M. | year = 2011 | title = Genetic status of the European bison ''Bison bonasus'' after extinction in the wild and subsequent recovery | journal = Mammal Review | volume = 41 | issue = 2 | pages = 151–162 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2010.00178.x|display-authors=etal}}</ref> The last known Carpathian wisent was shot in [[Maramureș|Marmaros, Austrian Empire]] in 1852.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/social/Dupa_200_de_ani-zimbrul_se_intoarce_in_Carpati_0_668333600.html|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120323201146/http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/social/Dupa_200_de_ani-zimbrul_se_intoarce_in_Carpati_0_668333600.html|url-status=dead|title=După 200 de ani, zimbrul se întoarce în Carpaţi FOTOGALERII|date=23 March 2012|language=ro|archivedate=23 March 2012|website=archive.is}}</ref>


==Trivia==
Lowland wisents from Poland were [[Species reintroduction|reintroduced]] into the southern Carpathians by [[Rewilding Europe]] and the [[World Wide Fund for Nature]] starting in 2014. The [[rewilding (conservation biology)|rewilding]] area hosted a population of 30 animals by the end of 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rewildingeurope.com/areas/southern-carpathians/|title=Southern Carpathians|website=Rewilding Europe}}</ref>
Starting in 2014, wisents of the closely related lowland subspecies (''Bos bonasus bonasus'') were [[Species reintroduction|reintroduced]] into the southern Carpathians from Poland by [[Rewilding Europe]] and the [[World Wide Fund for Nature]]. The [[rewilding (conservation biology)|rewilding]] area hosted a population of 30 animals by the end of 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rewildingeurope.com/areas/southern-carpathians/|title=Southern Carpathians|website=Rewilding Europe}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 06:39, 12 September 2023

Carpathian wisent
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Artiodactyla
Family: Bovidae
Subfamily: Bovinae
Genus: Bos
[2][3][4][5]
Species:
B. bonasus
Subspecies:
†B. b. hungarorum
Trinomial name
†Bos bonasus hungarorum
(Kretzoi, 1946)

The Carpathian wisent (Bos bonasus hungarorum[2][3][4][5]) is an extinct subspecies of wisent that inhabited the Carpathian Mountains, Moldavia and Transylvania regions of Europe.[1]

Extinction

It began to die out about a hundred years earlier than its close relative, the Caucasian wisent (Bos bonasus caucasicus) and was hunted to extinction in the 19th century.[1] The last known Carpathian wisent was shot in Marmaros, Austrian Empire in 1852.[6]

Trivia

Starting in 2014, wisents of the closely related lowland subspecies (Bos bonasus bonasus) were reintroduced into the southern Carpathians from Poland by Rewilding Europe and the World Wide Fund for Nature. The rewilding area hosted a population of 30 animals by the end of 2017.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Tokarska, M.; et al. (2011). "Genetic status of the European bison Bison bonasus after extinction in the wild and subsequent recovery". Mammal Review. 41 (2): 151–162. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2010.00178.x.
  2. ^ a b Verkaar, Edward L. C.; Nijman, Isaäc J.; Beeke, Maurice; Hanekamp, Eline; Lenstra, Johannes A. (July 2004). "Maternal and Paternal Lineages in Cross-Breeding Bovine Species. Has Wisent a Hybrid Origin?". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 21 (7): 1165–1170. doi:10.1093/molbev/msh064. ISSN 1537-1719.
  3. ^ a b Zver, Lars; Toškan, Borut; Bužan, Elena (10 September 2021). "Phylogeny of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Bison species in Europe and North America". Quaternary International. 595: 30–38. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2021.04.022. ISSN 1040-6182.
  4. ^ a b Wang, Kun; Lenstra, Johannes A.; Liu, Liang; Hu, Quanjun; Ma, Tao; Qiu, Qiang; Liu, Jianquan (19 October 2018). "Incomplete lineage sorting rather than hybridization explains the inconsistent phylogeny of the wisent". Communications Biology. 1 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1038/s42003-018-0176-6. ISSN 2399-3642.
  5. ^ a b Grange, Thierry; Brugal, Jean-Philip; Flori, Laurence; Gautier, Mathieu; Uzunidis, Antigone; Geigl, Eva-Maria (September 2018). "The Evolution and Population Diversity of Bison in Pleistocene and Holocene Eurasia: Sex Matters". Diversity. 10 (3): 65. doi:10.3390/d10030065. ISSN 1424-2818.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ "După 200 de ani, zimbrul se întoarce în Carpaţi FOTOGALERII". archive.is (in Romanian). 23 March 2012. Archived from the original on 23 March 2012.
  7. ^ "Southern Carpathians". Rewilding Europe.


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