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→Post-2011 openings and closures: Added short summary regarding closures/openings/relocations since 2019.
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===Post-2011 openings and closures===
===Post-2011 openings and closures===
Since emerging from administration in 2011, TJ Hughes stores have opened in the following locations:
Since emerging from administration in 2011, TJ Hughes stores have opened in the below locations. Those marked ** have since closed.
* 2011: Eastbourne (since closed), Glasgow, Liverpool (flagship), Newcastle, Sheffield (since closed), Widnes
* 2011: Eastbourne**, Glasgow, Liverpool (later relocated), Newcastle, Sheffield (later relocated)**, Widnes
* 2012: Birkenhead (since closed),<ref name="open-bbc-oct12">{{cite news |date=2012-10-24 |website=BBC News |title=TJ Hughes store reopens in Birkenhead |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-20069109 }}</ref> Cannock (since closed), Middlesbrough (since closed)<ref name="open-soult-sep12">{{cite news |date=2012-09-27 |website=Soult's Retail View |title=Middlesbrough's TJ Hughes confirms 3 October reopening date – with Birkenhead to follow |url=http://www.soultsretailview.co.uk/2012/09/27/middlesbroughs-tj-hughes-confirms-3-october-reopening-date-with-birkenhead-to-follow/ }}</ref>
* 2012: Birkenhead**,<ref name="open-bbc-oct12">{{cite news |date=2012-10-24 |website=BBC News |title=TJ Hughes store reopens in Birkenhead |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-20069109 }}</ref> Cannock**, Middlesbrough**<ref name="open-soult-sep12">{{cite news |date=2012-09-27 |website=Soult's Retail View |title=Middlesbrough's TJ Hughes confirms 3 October reopening date – with Birkenhead to follow |url=http://www.soultsretailview.co.uk/2012/09/27/middlesbroughs-tj-hughes-confirms-3-october-reopening-date-with-birkenhead-to-follow/ }}</ref>
* 2013: Coventry (since closed),<ref name="open-covtel-oct13">{{cite news |date=2013-10-18 |newspaper=Coventry Telegraph |title=TJ TJ Hughes to reopen at its old site in Coventry's Lower Precinct |url=http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/tj-hughes-reopen-old-site-6199343 }}</ref> Sheffield (relocation; since closed)
* 2013: Coventry**,<ref name="open-covtel-oct13">{{cite news |date=2013-10-18 |newspaper=Coventry Telegraph |title=TJ TJ Hughes to reopen at its old site in Coventry's Lower Precinct |url=http://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/tj-hughes-reopen-old-site-6199343 }}</ref> Sheffield (relocation)**
* 2014: Hartlepool,<ref name="open-hmail-aug14">{{cite news |date=2014-08-12 |newspaper=Hartlepool Mail |title=TJ Hughes store chain bringing 70 new jobs to Hartlepool |url=http://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/news/business/tj-hughes-store-chain-bringing-70-new-jobs-to-hartlepool-1-6781309 }}</ref> Stretford<ref name="open-messenger-oct14">{{cite news |date=2014-10-08 |newspaper=Messenger |title=TJ Hughes to reopen in Stretford Mall, creating 40 new jobs |url=http://www.messengernewspapers.co.uk/news/11521598.TJ_Hughes_to_reopen_in_Stretford_Mall__creating_40_new_jobs/ }}</ref> (since closed)
* 2014: Hartlepool,<ref name="open-hmail-aug14">{{cite news |date=2014-08-12 |newspaper=Hartlepool Mail |title=TJ Hughes store chain bringing 70 new jobs to Hartlepool |url=http://www.hartlepoolmail.co.uk/news/business/tj-hughes-store-chain-bringing-70-new-jobs-to-hartlepool-1-6781309 }}</ref> Stretford**<ref name="open-messenger-oct14">{{cite news |date=2014-10-08 |newspaper=Messenger |title=TJ Hughes to reopen in Stretford Mall, creating 40 new jobs |url=http://www.messengernewspapers.co.uk/news/11521598.TJ_Hughes_to_reopen_in_Stretford_Mall__creating_40_new_jobs/ }}</ref>
* 2015: Bootle,<ref name="open-echo-jul15">{{cite news |date=2015-07-20 |newspaper=Liverpool Echo |title=Liverpool retailer TJ Hughes to create 150 jobs at three new stores - including one in Bootle |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/business/liverpool-retailer-tj-hughes-create-9694791 }}</ref> Bury,<ref name="open-men-marl15">{{cite news |date=2015-03-19 |newspaper=Manchester Evening News |title=TJ Hughes expands high street presence with new Bury store |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/tj-hughes-expands-high-street-8873385 }}</ref> Oldham (since closed),<ref name="open-echo-jul15" /> Walsall (since closed)<ref name="open-echo-jan16">{{cite news |date=2016-01-15 |newspaper=Liverpool Echo |title=TJ Hughes in St Helens: job adverts show popular store is coming back |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/tj-hughes-st-helens-job-10736708 }}</ref>
* 2015: Bootle,<ref name="open-echo-jul15">{{cite news |date=2015-07-20 |newspaper=Liverpool Echo |title=Liverpool retailer TJ Hughes to create 150 jobs at three new stores - including one in Bootle |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/business/liverpool-retailer-tj-hughes-create-9694791 }}</ref> Bury,<ref name="open-men-marl15">{{cite news |date=2015-03-19 |newspaper=Manchester Evening News |title=TJ Hughes expands high street presence with new Bury store |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/tj-hughes-expands-high-street-8873385 }}</ref> Oldham**,<ref name="open-echo-jul15" /> Walsall**<ref name="open-echo-jan16">{{cite news |date=2016-01-15 |newspaper=Liverpool Echo |title=TJ Hughes in St Helens: job adverts show popular store is coming back |url=http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/tj-hughes-st-helens-job-10736708 }}</ref>
* 2016: Chelmsford (since closed), St Helens,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sthelensstar.co.uk/news/14512947.TJ_Hughes_reveals_opening_date_of_new_St_Helens_store/|title=TJ Hughes reveals opening date of new St Helens store|date=24 May 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> Preston,<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-09-14|newspaper=Lancashire Evening Post|title=Jobs boost as discount shop returns to Preston shopping centre|url=http://www.lep.co.uk/news/business/jobs-boost-as-discount-shop-returns-to-preston-shopping-centre-1-8126071|accessdate=2016-12-07}}</ref> Maidstone<ref>{{cite web|last1=McConnell|first1=Ed|title=Maidstone: TJ Hughes returns to The Mall Maidstone|url=http://www.kentonline.co.uk/maidstone/news/discount-department-store-returns-to-92509/|website=Kent Online|accessdate=2 June 2017|date=13 March 2016}}</ref>
* 2016: Chelmsford**, St Helens,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sthelensstar.co.uk/news/14512947.TJ_Hughes_reveals_opening_date_of_new_St_Helens_store/|title=TJ Hughes reveals opening date of new St Helens store|date=24 May 2016 |publisher=}}</ref> Preston,<ref>{{Cite news|date=2016-09-14|newspaper=Lancashire Evening Post|title=Jobs boost as discount shop returns to Preston shopping centre|url=http://www.lep.co.uk/news/business/jobs-boost-as-discount-shop-returns-to-preston-shopping-centre-1-8126071|accessdate=2016-12-07}}</ref> Maidstone<ref>{{cite web|last1=McConnell|first1=Ed|title=Maidstone: TJ Hughes returns to The Mall Maidstone|url=http://www.kentonline.co.uk/maidstone/news/discount-department-store-returns-to-92509/|website=Kent Online|accessdate=2 June 2017|date=13 March 2016}}</ref>
*2017: Chesterfield (since closed), Nuneaton (since closed)
*2017: Chesterfield**, Nuneaton**
*2018: Dundee (since closed), East Kilbride (since closed), Livingston (since closed)
*2018: Dundee**, East Kilbride**, Livingston**
*2019: Bradford (since closed), Clydebank, Cumbernauld,<ref name="LinlithgowGazette">{{Cite web|url=https://www.linlithgowgazette.co.uk/business/tj-hughes-all-set-to-open-in-cumbernauld-1-5031950|title = TJ Hughes all set to open in Cumbernauld}}</ref> Durham
*2019: Bradford**, Clydebank, Cumbernauld,<ref name="LinlithgowGazette">{{Cite web|url=https://www.linlithgowgazette.co.uk/business/tj-hughes-all-set-to-open-in-cumbernauld-1-5031950|title = TJ Hughes all set to open in Cumbernauld}}</ref> Durham
*2023: Corby
*2023: Corby, Liverpool (relocation)


TJ Hughes stated in 2015 that it may seek to open as many as 55 stores in total.<ref name="open-echo-jul15" />
TJ Hughes stated in 2015 that it may seek to open as many as 55 stores in total<ref name="open-echo-jul15" />, by 2019 reaching approximately 30, including several in locations formerly occupied by [[British Home Stores|BHS]] and [[Toys "R" Us|Toys-R-Us]].

By early 2020 however, six stores had closed, including three as a result of administration<ref>{{Cite web |date=05Mar2020 |title=150 jobs secured as four department stores saved - but 50 jobs lost with the closure of five branches |url=https://www.business-live.co.uk/retail-consumer/150-jobs-secured-four-department-17868270 |url-status=live |access-date=15Sep2023}}</ref>. This was followed by a further ten store closures in the aftermath of the [[COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom|Covid-19 pandemic]].

In 2023, the Company opened its first new store in four years (Corby<ref>{{Cite web |date=11May2023 |title=Shoppers delighted as TJ Hughes re-opens in Corby |url=https://www.northantstelegraph.co.uk/news/people/shoppers-delighted-as-tj-hughes-re-opens-in-corby-4138774 |url-status=live |access-date=15Sep2023}}</ref>) and announced a long-awaited move from its original London Road Liverpool store to a new Central Liverpool location<ref>{{Cite web |date=22Aug2023 |title=TJ Hughes moving into former H&M store in city centre |url=https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/whats-on/shopping/tj-hughes-moving-former-hm-27573143 |url-status=live |access-date=15Sep2023}}</ref>.


==Sales strategy==
==Sales strategy==

Revision as of 23:42, 14 September 2023

T. J. Hughes
Company typePrivate
IndustryRetail
GenreDepartment Store
Founded1912; 112 years ago (1912)[1]
FounderThomas J Hughes
HeadquartersLiverpool
Number of locations
14 (2023)
ProductsHome furnishing, menswear, women's wear, perfume, electricals, toys
OwnerLewis's Home Retail Ltd
Websitetjhughes.co.uk

T. J. Hughes, registered and styled as TJ Hughes, is a British discount department store brand which first emerged in Liverpool in 1912.

The business grew to become a national chain with 57 stores by 2011 but shrank to just six locations after entering administration that year. In recent years, the chain has opened and closed various new sites and as of 2023 trades from 14 stores as well as online.[2]

History

TJ Hughes shop in Liverpool

Establishment

Thomas J. Hughes set up a small shop on Liverpool's London Road after an apprenticeship at fellow drapery firm Owen Owen. The store had a few assistants and Hughes was the main shopkeeper, overseeing everything within the business.

In 1925 Owen Owen saw the need to move out of their Audley House site on London Road into the new centre of Liverpool at Clayton Square.[3] The then chairman of Owen Owen, Duncan Norman, went to see the TJ Hughes shop. Norman was so impressed that he agreed to let Hughes run and expand his business in Audley House for part ownership of the business under Owen Owen. By now a department store, TJ Hughes was gradually expanded by the Owen Owen group until being sold in 1991.

TJ Hughes was floated on the London Stock Exchange in May 1992[3] before being acquired by JJB Sports in March 2002 for £42 million. In November 2003, the company was sold again in a £56 million buyout backed by PPM Capital.[4]

During the 1990s and 2000s, TJ Hughes took over a number of premises formerly occupied by other retailers including Owen Owen (Kidderminster and Wolverhampton), Allders (Ipswich), C&A (Glasgow, Romford and Hull), House of Fraser (Sheffield and Eastbourne) and various Co-operative Group stores (Warrington, Bradford, Doncaster and Crawley). From 2009, expansion picked up again with the addition of a further seven stores by early 2011. A number of these openings were in locations left vacant by Woolworths which had collapsed in late 2008.

In March 2011, TJ Hughes was sold to turnaround specialist Endless LLP for an undisclosed sum.[3] Endless bought TJ Hughes from Silverfleet Capital, who had overseen growth of around twenty stores since taking control of the firm in 2003.[5] The sale followed reports that TJ Hughes had been hit by the withdrawal of credit insurance for its suppliers after a battle to secure working capital.

2011 Administration

On 27 June 2011, TJ Hughes Limited announced that it intended to go into administration, putting 4,000 jobs at risk. TJ Hughes officially entered administration on Thursday 30 June 2011, with Ernst & Young appointed as administrators.[6] The company launched a closing down sale in a bid to reduce stock levels.[7]

A closed branch of TJ Hughes in Bradford.

Ernst & Young said it hoped to sell the company as a going concern, saying it was "very much business as usual" but added that it could be difficult to sell all of the stores owing to the previous trading history of TJ Hughes.[citation needed] There were reports of a number of prospective buyers, including Primark.[8]

On 7 July 2011, GA Europe acquired Endless’ secured debt due from TJ Hughes and announced plans to work with administrators Ernst & Young to liquidate stock[9] from the retail chain’s 57 stores.[10]

On 22 July, Ernst & Young announced the company's Liverpool distribution centre would close, making 116 employees redundant.[11]

On 1 August, Lewis Home Retail, a company associated with Speke based Benross Group, acquired the TJ Hughes brand and website together with the flagship Liverpool store as well as the Eastbourne, Glasgow and Sheffield locations. This was shortly followed by the Newcastle and Widnes stores, bringing the total saved to six.[12][13]

Former TJ Hughes shop in Scunthorpe

On 4 August, Ernst & Young announced the closure of the first twenty two unsold TJ Hughes stores throughout the United Kingdom.[14] Store closures began on 10 August, with Shrewsbury closing first.[15]

Ernst & Young announced on 20 August that the remainder of the 51 unsold TJ Hughes stores would close their doors by 31 August 2011.

Closed stores included Belfast, Birkenhead, Bolton, Bootle, Boscombe, Bradford, Bristol, Burnley, Chester, Corby, Coventry, Crawley, Derby, Doncaster, Dumfries, Dundee, Ellesmere Port, Hanley, Hull, Ipswich, Kettering, Kidderminster, King's Lynn, Lichfield, Macclesfield, Maidstone, Middlesbrough, Newport, Nuneaton, Oldham, Plymouth, Preston, Redditch, Rochdale, Romford, Salford, Scunthorpe, Shrewsbury, Southend, St Helens, Stretford, Sunderland, Sutton, Walsall, Warrington, Watford, Weston-super-Mare, Wolverhampton and Wrexham.

Post-2011 openings and closures

Since emerging from administration in 2011, TJ Hughes stores have opened in the below locations. Those marked ** have since closed.

  • 2011: Eastbourne**, Glasgow, Liverpool (later relocated), Newcastle, Sheffield (later relocated)**, Widnes
  • 2012: Birkenhead**,[16] Cannock**, Middlesbrough**[17]
  • 2013: Coventry**,[18] Sheffield (relocation)**
  • 2014: Hartlepool,[19] Stretford**[20]
  • 2015: Bootle,[21] Bury,[22] Oldham**,[21] Walsall**[23]
  • 2016: Chelmsford**, St Helens,[24] Preston,[25] Maidstone[26]
  • 2017: Chesterfield**, Nuneaton**
  • 2018: Dundee**, East Kilbride**, Livingston**
  • 2019: Bradford**, Clydebank, Cumbernauld,[27] Durham
  • 2023: Corby, Liverpool (relocation)

TJ Hughes stated in 2015 that it may seek to open as many as 55 stores in total[21], by 2019 reaching approximately 30, including several in locations formerly occupied by BHS and Toys-R-Us.

By early 2020 however, six stores had closed, including three as a result of administration[28]. This was followed by a further ten store closures in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic.

In 2023, the Company opened its first new store in four years (Corby[29]) and announced a long-awaited move from its original London Road Liverpool store to a new Central Liverpool location[30].

Sales strategy

Former TJ Hughes shop in Sheffield

In December 2005, TJ Hughes launched an online store through eBay, with eBay claiming that the retailer was the first in the United Kingdom to sell its main products through the auction site. The store launched with 110 lines including DVD players, digital cameras and perfumes. TJ Hughes said its eBay shop represented an opportunity to increase sales and brand awareness.[31]

One of the retailer's advertising tactics was to feature relatives of famous celebrities in their advertisements. For example, they used former Manchester United F.C. player Wayne Rooney's brother Graeme Rooney as part of an advertising campaign.[32]

During 2007, the company unveiled its largest advertising campaign to date. This featured celebrities’ family members, with recruits to the campaign including Carol Vorderman’s mother, Jonathan Ross’s mother and Robbie Williams’ father. The aim of the somewhat unusual series of ads was apparently to eschew passing on the costs of celebrity endorsement to customers, which TJ Hughes claims is the case for a number of its competitors.

Online

TJ Hughes was a late runner in the e-commerce era, establishing an information website for investors and customers in 1999/2000. Although a new site was launched in 2004, this continued to offer only basic information such as current offers and store locations. In spite of this, the company reported that this site received some 17,000 hits a month, which prompted them to look at the introduction of e commerce.

This was introduced on a trial basis in the run up to Christmas 2005, and offered 150 seasonal gifts and homewares lines.

An encouraging performance resulted in the trial being extended, with the company subsequently increasing the range of merchandise offered online, and by 2011 the company offered an extensive range of products on its website. The TJ Hughes website, designed by local digital agency YOMA,[33] was ranked 108,004 worldwide and 5,237 in the United Kingdom according to Alexa.[34]

Financial success

TJ Hughes saw gross profits soar almost 50% a year, from £3.6m in 2003, increasing to £7.9m in 2004[35] with a jump to £12m in 2006.[36] Throughout 2007, TJ Hughes's pre-tax profits were £5.1 million in the year to 26 January, up from £1.2 million the year before. Operating profit soared 299 per cent to £2.9 million.[37]

In January 2010, accounts showed pre-tax profits increased by more than £1.5m to £6.8m. That was achieved on sales of £266.7m, an annualised rise of 4%. Although the last full financial year before Ms Tennant was appointed, to January 2007, showed pre tax profits of £1.2m, they rose to £5.1m in the year to January 2008. This was followed by profits of £5.3m the following year.

Competition

The demise of Woolworths was seen to create significant opportunities in the homewares market, although other mixed goods discounters such as B&M and Wilko, which have some overlap in terms of product offer, have also been expanding rapidly in a bid to gain some of this market share both on the high street and increasingly in out of town locations.[original research?] This is believed to be part of the reason as to why T. J. Hughes entered administration.[38]

American retailer TJ Maxx, which also sells discounted clothing and housewares, modified its name to TK Maxx to avoid confusion with T. J. Hughes when it opened its first British store in 1994. It subsequently used the TK Maxx name for its other European operations.[39]

References

  1. ^ "About Us". T. J. Hughes. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
  2. ^ "Find your nearest TJ Hughes store".
  3. ^ a b c "My grandad's store and the end of the high street". The Guardian. 2 July 2011.
  4. ^ Fletcher, Richard (15 November 2003). "PPM sells Oasis as it grabs TJ Hughes in £55m deal". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
  5. ^ "Management team buys Liverpool retailer TJ Hughes with backing from turnaround specialist Endless". liverpoolecho. 25 March 2011. Retrieved 25 March 2011.
  6. ^ "Discount store TJ Hughes now in the hands of administrators". The Guardian. 30 June 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  7. ^ "TJ Hughes Launches Quick-Fire Sale". TJ Hughes. 12 July 2011. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
  8. ^ "TJ Hughes stock sell-off announced by administrator". BBC News. 7 July 2011. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  9. ^ "Debt due from TJ Hughes". bheta. 7 July 2011. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  10. ^ "TJ Hughes stock sell-off announced by administrator". BBC News. 7 July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
  11. ^ "TJ Hughes warehouse closes making 116 redundant". Liverpool Echo. 22 July 2011. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
  12. ^ "Administrators close last of TJ Hughes' stores". housewareslive. 20 August 2011. Archived from the original on 12 September 2011. Retrieved 20 August 2011.
  13. ^ "Newcastle's TJ Hughes is saved – but Middlesbrough's is to close within days". Soult's Retail View. 13 August 2011.
  14. ^ "TJ Hughes sheds 1,000 jobs as 22 stores close". Retail Gazette. 4 August 2011. Archived from the original on 28 March 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
  15. ^ "TJ Hughes sets closure dates for 22 stores next week". BBC News. 4 August 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
  16. ^ "TJ Hughes store reopens in Birkenhead". BBC News. 24 October 2012.
  17. ^ "Middlesbrough's TJ Hughes confirms 3 October reopening date – with Birkenhead to follow". Soult's Retail View. 27 September 2012.
  18. ^ "TJ TJ Hughes to reopen at its old site in Coventry's Lower Precinct". Coventry Telegraph. 18 October 2013.
  19. ^ "TJ Hughes store chain bringing 70 new jobs to Hartlepool". Hartlepool Mail. 12 August 2014.
  20. ^ "TJ Hughes to reopen in Stretford Mall, creating 40 new jobs". Messenger. 8 October 2014.
  21. ^ a b c "Liverpool retailer TJ Hughes to create 150 jobs at three new stores - including one in Bootle". Liverpool Echo. 20 July 2015.
  22. ^ "TJ Hughes expands high street presence with new Bury store". Manchester Evening News. 19 March 2015.
  23. ^ "TJ Hughes in St Helens: job adverts show popular store is coming back". Liverpool Echo. 15 January 2016.
  24. ^ "TJ Hughes reveals opening date of new St Helens store". 24 May 2016.
  25. ^ "Jobs boost as discount shop returns to Preston shopping centre". Lancashire Evening Post. 14 September 2016. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
  26. ^ McConnell, Ed (13 March 2016). "Maidstone: TJ Hughes returns to The Mall Maidstone". Kent Online. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  27. ^ "TJ Hughes all set to open in Cumbernauld".
  28. ^ "150 jobs secured as four department stores saved - but 50 jobs lost with the closure of five branches". 05Mar2020. Retrieved 15Sep2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  29. ^ "Shoppers delighted as TJ Hughes re-opens in Corby". 11May2023. Retrieved 15Sep2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  30. ^ "TJ Hughes moving into former H&M store in city centre". 22Aug2023. Retrieved 15Sep2023. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= and |date= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  31. ^ "TJ Hughes opens eBay shop". Telecomworldwire. 23 December 2005. Retrieved 6 December 2008.
  32. ^ TJ Hughes sign Graham Rooney for advertising
  33. ^ "TJ Hughes unveils e-commerce site with YOMA". The Drum. 20 May 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  34. ^ "Tjhughes.co.uk Site Info". Alexa Inc. 31 March 2011. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 31 March 2011.
  35. ^ T J Hughes at Buyout Track
  36. ^ T J Hughes at Profit Track [dead link‍]
  37. ^ "TJ Hughes grows again after fourfold profit rise". Retail Week. 31 July 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
  38. ^ "TJ Hughes Enters Administration". The Daily Telegraph. 27 June 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
  39. ^ Joachim Zentes; Dirk. Morschett; Hanna Schramm-Klein (2011). Strategic Retail Management: Text and International Cases. Gabler Verlag. ISBN 9783834967404.

36. Eastbourne herald https://www.eastbourneherald.co.uk/news/people/tj-hughes-closing-down-in-eastbourne-1-8905331/amp&ved=2ahUKEwjA3fvY07PiAhVRURUIHb9nCPUQFjAkegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw0NQwJ1NNPJpd439XmxeZmG&ampcf=1

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