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{{Legend|#393|[[Finland]] and [[Sweden]]}}
{{Legend|#393|[[Finland]] and [[Sweden]]}}
{{Legend|#E08020|[[NATO]]}}]]
{{Legend|#E08020|[[NATO]]}}]]
In the wake of the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] and a subsequent tilt in the public opinion of [[Finland]] and [[Sweden]], the prospect of both countries applying for NATO membership before the summit was raised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Finland to clarify next steps on possible NATO entry within weeks |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/finland-clarify-next-steps-possible-nato-entry-within-weeks-foreign-minister-2022-04-07/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502080118/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/finland-clarify-next-steps-possible-nato-entry-within-weeks-foreign-minister-2022-04-07/ |archive-date=2 May 2022 |location=Helsinki |date=7 April 2022 |url-access=registration |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Rikard |last=Jozwiak |date=April 14, 2022 |title=Analysis: Finland And Sweden's Steady March Toward NATO |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/finland-sweden-nato-memberships-jozwiak-analysis/31803749.html |access-date=April 14, 2022}}</ref> On 12 May, [[Sauli Niinistö]] and [[Sanna Marin]], respectively the president and prime minister of Finland, issued a joint statement that "Finland must apply for NATO membership without delay".<ref name="Finnish joint statement">{{cite web |last1=Niinistö |first1=Sauli |last2=Marin |first2=Sanna |author1-link=Sauli Niinistö |author2-link=Sanna Marin |title=Joint statement by the President of the Republic and Prime Minister of Finland on Finland's NATO membership |url=https://www.presidentti.fi/en/press-release/joint-statement-by-the-president-of-the-republic-and-prime-minister-of-finland-on-finlands-nato-membership/ |publisher=[[President of the Republic of Finland]] |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512070501/https://www.presidentti.fi/en/press-release/joint-statement-by-the-president-of-the-republic-and-prime-minister-of-finland-on-finlands-nato-membership/ |archive-date=12 May 2022 |date=12 May 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 May, [[Magdalena Andersson]], prime minister of Sweden, announced that Sweden will apply for membership.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/sweden-announces-it-will-apply-for-nato-membership |title=Sweden announces it will apply for NATO membership |newspaper=[[Radio Sweden]] |date=May 16, 2022}}</ref> Both countries submitted their NATO applications on 18 May, yet there was the looming prospect of a Turkish block to accession talks, reportedly over concerns related to Finnish and Swedish relations with the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], which Turkey considers a Syrian branch of the [[Kurdistan Workers' Party[PKK]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3d1ab5d0-19a6-41bd-83a4-7c7b9e2be141|website=[[ft.com]]|date=18 May 2022|title=Erdoğan blocks Nato accession talks with Sweden and Finland|first1=Richard|last1=Milne|first2=Laura|last2=Pitel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/turkiye-says-its-security-concerns-should-be-met-as-sweden-finland-seek-nato-entry/2591789|website=[[aa.com.tr]]|date=19 May 2022|title=Turkiye says its security concerns should be met as Sweden, Finland seek NATO entry|first=Gunerigok|last=Servet}}</ref>
In the wake of the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]] and a subsequent tilt in the public opinion of [[Finland]] and [[Sweden]], the prospect of both countries applying for NATO membership before the summit was raised.<ref>{{cite web |title=Finland to clarify next steps on possible NATO entry within weeks |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/finland-clarify-next-steps-possible-nato-entry-within-weeks-foreign-minister-2022-04-07/ |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502080118/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/finland-clarify-next-steps-possible-nato-entry-within-weeks-foreign-minister-2022-04-07/ |archive-date=2 May 2022 |location=Helsinki |date=7 April 2022 |url-access=registration |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Rikard |last=Jozwiak |date=April 14, 2022 |title=Analysis: Finland And Sweden's Steady March Toward NATO |work=[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/finland-sweden-nato-memberships-jozwiak-analysis/31803749.html |access-date=April 14, 2022}}</ref> On 12 May, [[Sauli Niinistö]] and [[Sanna Marin]], respectively the president and prime minister of Finland, issued a joint statement that "Finland must apply for NATO membership without delay".<ref name="Finnish joint statement">{{cite web |last1=Niinistö |first1=Sauli |last2=Marin |first2=Sanna |author1-link=Sauli Niinistö |author2-link=Sanna Marin |title=Joint statement by the President of the Republic and Prime Minister of Finland on Finland's NATO membership |url=https://www.presidentti.fi/en/press-release/joint-statement-by-the-president-of-the-republic-and-prime-minister-of-finland-on-finlands-nato-membership/ |publisher=[[President of the Republic of Finland]] |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220512070501/https://www.presidentti.fi/en/press-release/joint-statement-by-the-president-of-the-republic-and-prime-minister-of-finland-on-finlands-nato-membership/ |archive-date=12 May 2022 |date=12 May 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 May, [[Magdalena Andersson]], prime minister of Sweden, announced that Sweden will apply for membership.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/sweden-announces-it-will-apply-for-nato-membership |title=Sweden announces it will apply for NATO membership |newspaper=[[Radio Sweden]] |date=May 16, 2022}}</ref> Both countries submitted their NATO applications on 18 May, yet there was the looming prospect of a Turkish block to accession talks, reportedly over concerns related to Finnish and Swedish relations with the [[People's Defense Units|YPG]], which Turkey considers a Syrian branch of the [[Kurdistan Workers' Party|PKK]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3d1ab5d0-19a6-41bd-83a4-7c7b9e2be141|website=[[ft.com]]|date=18 May 2022|title=Erdoğan blocks Nato accession talks with Sweden and Finland|first1=Richard|last1=Milne|first2=Laura|last2=Pitel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/turkiye-says-its-security-concerns-should-be-met-as-sweden-finland-seek-nato-entry/2591789|website=[[aa.com.tr]]|date=19 May 2022|title=Turkiye says its security concerns should be met as Sweden, Finland seek NATO entry|first=Gunerigok|last=Servet}}</ref>


On 28 June, the first day of the summit, the Turkish delegation dropped their opposition to Finland and Sweden's NATO membership applications and signed a tripartite memorandum addressing Turkey's concerns regarding arms exports and the [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)|Kurdish–Turkish conflict]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 June 2022 |title=Turkey clears way for Finland, Sweden to join NATO - Stoltenberg |newspaper=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/turkey-clears-way-finland-sweden-join-nato-stoltenberg-2022-06-28/ |access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> As part of the agreement, Finland and Sweden will support Turkey's participation in [[PESCO]]'s [[Military Mobility]] project.<ref name="Turkey drops">{{cite web |last1=Brzozowski |first1=Alexandra |title=Turkey drops resistance to Sweden and Finland joining NATO |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/defence-and-security/news/turkey-drops-resistance-to-sweden-and-finland-joining-nato/ |work=[[Euractiv]] |access-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628191212/https://www.euractiv.com/section/defence-and-security/news/turkey-drops-resistance-to-sweden-and-finland-joining-nato/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |location=Madrid |date=28 June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Finland and Sweden also affirmed that the [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] (PKK) is "a terrorist organization".<ref>{{cite news |title=NATO deal with Sweden and Finland: Ankara celebrates 'national victory,' worries mount in Stockholm |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/06/29/nato-deal-with-sweden-and-finland-ankara-celebrates-national-victory-worries-mount-in-stockholm_5988325_4.html |work=Le Monde |date=29 June 2022}}</ref> On 29 June, NATO extended a formal invitation to Finland and Sweden to join the alliance.<ref name="NATO formally invites">{{cite web |last1=Erlanger |first1=Steven |last2=Shear |first2=Michael D. |author1-link=Steven Erlanger |author2-link=Michael D. Shear |title=NATO formally invites Finland and Sweden to join the alliance |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/29/world/europe/nato-sweden-finland.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630025533/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/29/world/europe/nato-sweden-finland.html |archive-date=30 June 2022 |location=Madrid |date=29 June 2022 |url-access=limited |url-status=live}}</ref> On 30 June, Turkish President [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] said that Sweden had made a "promise" to extradite "73 terrorists" to Turkey. Swedish Prime Minister Andersson refused to deny Turkey's claim that Sweden had promised to deport [[2016–present purges in Turkey|political refugees]] and opponents wanted by Erdoğan's government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sweden refuses to deny deportations to Turkey as part of NATO deal |url=https://www.thelocal.se/20220703/sweden-refuses-to-deny-deportations-to-turkey-part-of-nato-deal/ |work=The Local |date=3 July 2022}}</ref>
On 28 June, the first day of the summit, the Turkish delegation dropped their opposition to Finland and Sweden's NATO membership applications and signed a tripartite memorandum addressing Turkey's concerns regarding arms exports and the [[Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)|Kurdish–Turkish conflict]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 June 2022 |title=Turkey clears way for Finland, Sweden to join NATO - Stoltenberg |newspaper=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/turkey-clears-way-finland-sweden-join-nato-stoltenberg-2022-06-28/ |access-date=28 June 2022}}</ref> As part of the agreement, Finland and Sweden will support Turkey's participation in [[PESCO]]'s [[Military Mobility]] project.<ref name="Turkey drops">{{cite web |last1=Brzozowski |first1=Alexandra |title=Turkey drops resistance to Sweden and Finland joining NATO |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/defence-and-security/news/turkey-drops-resistance-to-sweden-and-finland-joining-nato/ |work=[[Euractiv]] |access-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628191212/https://www.euractiv.com/section/defence-and-security/news/turkey-drops-resistance-to-sweden-and-finland-joining-nato/ |archive-date=28 June 2022 |location=Madrid |date=28 June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Finland and Sweden also affirmed that the [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] (PKK) is "a terrorist organization".<ref>{{cite news |title=NATO deal with Sweden and Finland: Ankara celebrates 'national victory,' worries mount in Stockholm |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/06/29/nato-deal-with-sweden-and-finland-ankara-celebrates-national-victory-worries-mount-in-stockholm_5988325_4.html |work=Le Monde |date=29 June 2022}}</ref> On 29 June, NATO extended a formal invitation to Finland and Sweden to join the alliance.<ref name="NATO formally invites">{{cite web |last1=Erlanger |first1=Steven |last2=Shear |first2=Michael D. |author1-link=Steven Erlanger |author2-link=Michael D. Shear |title=NATO formally invites Finland and Sweden to join the alliance |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/29/world/europe/nato-sweden-finland.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630025533/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/29/world/europe/nato-sweden-finland.html |archive-date=30 June 2022 |location=Madrid |date=29 June 2022 |url-access=limited |url-status=live}}</ref> On 30 June, Turkish President [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] said that Sweden had made a "promise" to extradite "73 terrorists" to Turkey. Swedish Prime Minister Andersson refused to deny Turkey's claim that Sweden had promised to deport [[2016–present purges in Turkey|political refugees]] and opponents wanted by Erdoğan's government.<ref>{{cite news |title=Sweden refuses to deny deportations to Turkey as part of NATO deal |url=https://www.thelocal.se/20220703/sweden-refuses-to-deny-deportations-to-turkey-part-of-nato-deal/ |work=The Local |date=3 July 2022}}</ref>

Revision as of 10:48, 20 September 2023

NATO Summit Madrid 2022
2022 Madrid Summit
Host countrySpain
Date29–30 June 2022
Venue(s)Institución Ferial de Madrid
CitiesMadrid
Follows2022 Brussels extraordinary summit
Precedes2023 Vilnius summit
Websitewww.nato.int

The 2022 Madrid summit was a meeting of the heads of state and heads of government of NATO member and partner countries held in Madrid, Spain, on 29–30 June 2022.[1][2] Spain previously hosted a NATO Summit in 1997.

Background

On 8 October 2021, following a meeting with NATO secretary general Jens Stoltenberg, Spanish prime minister Pedro Sánchez announced the celebration of the ordinary summit in Madrid in 2022, a date otherwise underscoring the 40th anniversary of Spain's NATO membership.[3] NATO disclosed the summit's logo on 29 March 2022.[4] The meeting was scheduled to occur several months after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[5][6]

Summit

Group photo of 2022 Madrid summit.

In the wake of the two days of preparation for the summit in mid June 2022, Jens Stoltenberg reported that key areas to be addressed in the summit include "strengthened deterrence and defence; support for Ukraine and other partners at risk; a new NATO Strategic Concept; better burden-sharing and resourcing; and Finland and Sweden's historic applications for membership".[7]

Venue and security

The summit was held at Pavilions 9 and 10 of the IFEMA fairgrounds.[8] Over 25,000 police agents were deployed in the city.[8] The celebration of Madrid's LGBT Pride was postponed one week due to the summit.[8] The Spanish Ministries of Interior and Foreign Affairs allocated around €37 million without public tender for security enhancement of the summit, including the acquisition of 6,000 taser chargers.[9]

2022 Strategic Concept

NATO's strategic concept, the 10-year blueprint underpinning the alliance's security challenges in the evolving global landscape and outlining the NATO political and military tasks set to address them, was adopted at the summit, thereby replacing the strategic concept adopted at the 2010 Lisbon summit.[10][11][12] The 2010 document makes mention of "peace in the Euro-Atlantic area" and "the threat of a conventional attack on NATO territory [being] low", showing the outdated nature of the previous strategic concept.[13] Gitanas Nausėda, the president of Lithuania, wants the next strategic concept to consider Russia a "long-term threat to the entire Euro-Atlantic area."[14] The United States hopes the document will also have forceful language on China.[15]

The strategic blueprint updated Russia's status (hitherto considered a "strategic partner") as the "most significant and direct threat to Allies' security and to peace and stability in the Euro-Atlantic area".[16] Likewise, China was described in the document as a challenge to allies' "interests, security and values".[16]

EU–NATO interactions

See also: European Union–NATO relations

On 29 June, leaders of member states from both the European Union and NATO attended a dinner hosted by Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez in Madrid. During the summit, Irish Taoiseach Micheál Martin met bileraterally with Norwegian Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre, Icelandic Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir, and Austrian Chancellor Karl Nehammer,[17] the latter of which also met with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.[18]

Finnish and Swedish accession

Further information: Enlargement of NATO, Finland–NATO relations, and Sweden–NATO relations
  Finland and Sweden
  NATO

In the wake of the February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and a subsequent tilt in the public opinion of Finland and Sweden, the prospect of both countries applying for NATO membership before the summit was raised.[19][20] On 12 May, Sauli Niinistö and Sanna Marin, respectively the president and prime minister of Finland, issued a joint statement that "Finland must apply for NATO membership without delay".[21] On 16 May, Magdalena Andersson, prime minister of Sweden, announced that Sweden will apply for membership.[22] Both countries submitted their NATO applications on 18 May, yet there was the looming prospect of a Turkish block to accession talks, reportedly over concerns related to Finnish and Swedish relations with the YPG, which Turkey considers a Syrian branch of the PKK.[23][24]

On 28 June, the first day of the summit, the Turkish delegation dropped their opposition to Finland and Sweden's NATO membership applications and signed a tripartite memorandum addressing Turkey's concerns regarding arms exports and the Kurdish–Turkish conflict.[25] As part of the agreement, Finland and Sweden will support Turkey's participation in PESCO's Military Mobility project.[26] Finland and Sweden also affirmed that the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) is "a terrorist organization".[27] On 29 June, NATO extended a formal invitation to Finland and Sweden to join the alliance.[28] On 30 June, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said that Sweden had made a "promise" to extradite "73 terrorists" to Turkey. Swedish Prime Minister Andersson refused to deny Turkey's claim that Sweden had promised to deport political refugees and opponents wanted by Erdoğan's government.[29]

Regional defense

Ahead of the summit, the Bucharest Nine made a joint declaration on 10 June 2022, calling for forward defense in NATO's eastern flank.[30] The summit may also see the alliance expand the NATO Response Force from 40,000[13] to "well over 300,000".[31] Kaja Kallas, the prime minister of Estonia, hopes that NATO will increase its troop presence with a division of 20,000 to 25,000 soldiers in each of the Baltic states to defend the territory of each state against a potential Russian invasion.[32] Meanwhile, Nausėda's looking to increase the Baltic contingent to the size of a brigade, much less than what Kallas called for.[14] Under preexisting plans, only about a thousand foreign soldiers are present in each state.[32] The Spanish government wants NATO to also consider regional security to the south, particularly concerning migration from Africa, Islamist groups in the Sahel, and Russian mercenaries operating in the region.[33]

On 29 June, the second day of the summit, United States President Joe Biden announced that the US would establish a permanent military base in Poland that would serve as the headquarters of V Corps and provide two additional F-35 squadrons in the United Kingdom, another brigade in Romania, and air defense systems in Italy and Germany.[34] The White House also reported a 50% increase (4 to 6) in the number of Arleigh Burke-class destroyers deployed in Naval Station Rota.[35]

On 30 June, British Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, announced the United Kingdom's defence spending would increase from 2.3% of GDP in 2022 to 2.5% of GDP in 2030. The UK will also provide 1000 additional troops and a Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier to NATO's Eastern flank.[36][37]

Protests

On 26 June 2022, several thousand people gathered in Madrid to protest against NATO, calling for the dissolution of the organisation and the closure of US military bases in Spain. A protest planned for the first day of the summit was banned by the Spanish government.[38]

Participants

Head of states, head of governments or foreign ministers from a total of 48 countries (34 in Europe, 9 in Asia, 2 in North America, 2 in Oceania and 1 in Africa) plus the European Union were invited to participate in the Summit.

Working session of the leaders in the facilities of IFEMA in Madrid.
Jens Stoltenberg with Pacific countries which are NATO global partners
Sauli Niinistö with Ursula von der Leyen and others EU officials
Key
Non-NATO member
Country or
organization 		Represented by Title Ref.
 NATO Jens Stoltenberg Secretary General [39]
 Albania Edi Rama Prime Minister [40]
 Australia[a] Anthony Albanese Prime Minister [45]
 Austria[a] Karl Nehammer Chancellor [46]
 Belgium Alexander De Croo Prime Minister [46]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina[a] [44]
 Bulgaria Rumen Radev President [47]
 Canada Justin Trudeau Prime Minister [48]
 Croatia Zoran Milanović President [49]
 Cyprus[a] Nikos Anastasiadis President [50]
 Czech Republic Petr Fiala Prime Minister [51]
 Denmark Mette Frederiksen Prime Minister [52]
 Estonia Kaja Kallas Prime Minister [53]
 European Union[a] Charles Michel Council President [43]
Ursula von der Leyen Commission President [43]
 Finland[a] Sauli Niinistö President [54]
 France Emmanuel Macron President [55]
 Georgia[a] Irakli Garibashvili Prime Minister [43]
 Germany Olaf Scholz Chancellor [56]
 Greece Kyriakos Mitsotakis Prime Minister [57]
 Hungary Viktor Orbán Prime Minister [58]
 Iceland Katrín Jakobsdóttir Prime Minister [59]
 Ireland[a] Micheál Martin Taoiseach [60]
 Italy Mario Draghi Prime Minister [61]
 Japan[a] Fumio Kishida Prime Minister [62]
 Jordan[a] [44]
 Latvia Egils Levits President [63]
 Lithuania Gitanas Nausėda President [64]
 Luxembourg Xavier Bettel Prime Minister [65]
 Malta[a] Robert Abela Prime Minister [66]
 Mauritania[a] [44]
 Montenegro Milo Đukanović President [67]
 Netherlands Mark Rutte Prime Minister [68]
 New Zealand[a] Jacinda Ardern Prime Minister [69]
 North Macedonia Stevo Pendarovski President [70]
 Norway Jonas Gahr Støre Prime Minister [71]
 Philippines[a] Rodrigo Duterte President
 Poland Andrzej Duda President [72]
 Portugal António Costa Prime Minister [73]
 Romania Klaus Iohannis President [74]
 Slovakia Zuzana Čaputová President [75]
 Slovenia Robert Golob Prime Minister [76]
 South Korea[a] Yoon Suk-yeol President [62]
 Spain Pedro Sánchez (host) Prime Minister [77]
 Sweden[a] Magdalena Andersson Prime Minister [78]
 Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan President [79]
 Thailand[a] Prayut Chan-o-cha Prime Minister
 Ukraine[b] Volodymyr Zelenskyy President [81]
 United Kingdom Boris Johnson Prime Minister [82]
 United States Joe Biden President [83]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Australia, Austria, Cyprus, Finland, Georgia, Ireland, Japan, Malta, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Korea, Sweden, the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Thailand are not member states of NATO but were invited to attend and participate in the summit. The presidents of the European Council and European Commission were also invited,[41][42][43] as well as the ministers of Jordan, Mauritania and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[44]
  2. ^ President Zelenskyy was invited to the summit and made an appearance via video link.[80]

See also

References

  1. ^ "NATO Secretary General visits Spain to prepare Madrid Summit". NATO.int. NATO. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  2. ^ "NATO Summit - Madrid, Spain - 29 and 30 June 2022". NATO.int. NATO. 29 April 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
  3. ^ "Sánchez anuncia que Madrid acogerá la cumbre de la OTAN el 29 y 30 de junio de 2022". Europa Press. 8 October 2021.
  4. ^ "El escudo de España y los colores rojo y amarillo, protagonistas del logo de la Cumbre de la OTAN en Madrid". Europa Press. 29 March 2022.
  5. ^ "NATO chief says more troops likely for eastern flank, warns Russia against 'nuclear sabre rattling'". CBC News. 23 March 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  6. ^ Henley, Jon (11 April 2022). "Sweden and Finland make moves to join Nato". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  7. ^ "NATO Defence Ministers lay the ground for the Madrid Summit". NATO. 16 June 2022.
  8. ^ a b c Durán, Luis F. (11 April 2022). "La cumbre de la OTAN blinda Madrid: 25.000 policías, plan de seguridad aéreo, cortes de tráfico y carriles exclusivos a Ifema para las delegaciones diplomáticas". El Mundo.
  9. ^ "Marlaska y Albares adjudican 'a dedo' 37 millones para la cumbre de la OTAN en Madrid y comprar armas que garanticen su seguridad". 20minutos.es. 25 April 2022.
  10. ^ "NATO Allies agree to further strengthen and sustain support for Ukraine". NATO. 7 April 2022.
  11. ^ Caracuel Raya, María Angustias (9 April 2022). "Madrid NATO Summit. Towards a more pragmatic and decisive Strategic Concept" (PDF). Revista Española de Defensa (9). Madrid: Ministerio de Defensa: 32–35. ISSN 2695-6284.
  12. ^ "NATO 2022 Strategic Concept". NATO.int. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  13. ^ a b Brzozowski, Alexandra (26 June 2022). "Global Europe Brief: NATO mulls massive defence overhaul". Euractiv. Retrieved 26 June 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  14. ^ a b Nausėda, Gitanas (23 June 2022). "Lithuanian President Gitanas Nauseda: Now is the time to make NATO even stronger". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  15. ^ Amante, Angelo (26 June 2022). "U.S. confident Nato's strategy document will be "strong" on China, official says". Schloss Elmau: Reuters. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  16. ^ a b Herszenhorn, David M. (29 June 2022). "NATO leaders brand Russia a 'direct threat' in new strategy blueprint". Politico.
  17. ^ "Taoiseach Micheál Martin to attend EuroAtlantic dinner in Madrid". Department of the Taoiseach. 28 June 2022. Archived from the original on 29 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  18. ^ "NATO-Gipfel in Madrid - Nehammer trifft Erdogan" (in German). Puls 24. 28 June 2022. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  19. ^ "Finland to clarify next steps on possible NATO entry within weeks". Helsinki: Reuters. 7 April 2022. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
  20. ^ Jozwiak, Rikard (14 April 2022). "Analysis: Finland And Sweden's Steady March Toward NATO". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
  21. ^ Niinistö, Sauli; Marin, Sanna (12 May 2022). "Joint statement by the President of the Republic and Prime Minister of Finland on Finland's NATO membership". President of the Republic of Finland. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022.
  22. ^ "Sweden announces it will apply for NATO membership". Radio Sweden. 16 May 2022.
  23. ^ Milne, Richard; Pitel, Laura (18 May 2022). "Erdoğan blocks Nato accession talks with Sweden and Finland". ft.com.
  24. ^ Servet, Gunerigok (19 May 2022). "Turkiye says its security concerns should be met as Sweden, Finland seek NATO entry". aa.com.tr.
  25. ^ "Turkey clears way for Finland, Sweden to join NATO - Stoltenberg". Reuters. 28 June 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  26. ^ Brzozowski, Alexandra (28 June 2022). "Turkey drops resistance to Sweden and Finland joining NATO". Euractiv. Madrid. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  27. ^ "NATO deal with Sweden and Finland: Ankara celebrates 'national victory,' worries mount in Stockholm". Le Monde. 29 June 2022.
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