Struggle Companies (Syria): Difference between revisions
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The '''Struggle Companies''' ({{lang-ar|سرايا الصراع}}; ''Saraya al-Sira'') was 5,000-strong commando force deployed around [[Damascus]]. Created in 1973 and commanded by Maj. Gen [[Adnan Assad]], a cousin of the late Syrian president, [[Hafez Assad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0008_s2.htm |title=Syria's Praetorian Guards: A Primer|date=August 2000|work=meforum.org|accessdate=29 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="auto">MIDDLE EAST SECURITY REPORT 8:The Assad Regime by Joseph Holliday, dtd March 2013</ref> The all [[Alawite]] Struggle Companies are broadly similar to the [[Defense Companies (Syria)|Defense Companies]] and are/were fanatically loyal to the Syrian government and were heavily used during the 1982 [[Hama]] [[1982 Hama Massacre|Muslim Brotherhood uprising]]<ref>Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars (2), Men-at-Arms 194, by Samuel Katz, 1988 with 2005 reprint. {{ISBN|0-85045-800-5}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> |
The '''Struggle Companies''' ({{lang-ar|سرايا الصراع}}; ''Saraya al-Sira'') was 5,000-strong commando force deployed around [[Damascus]]. Created in 1973 and commanded by Maj. Gen [[Adnan Assad]], a cousin of the late Syrian president, [[Hafez Assad]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0008_s2.htm |title=Syria's Praetorian Guards: A Primer|date=August 2000|work=meforum.org|accessdate=29 November 2015}}</ref><ref name="auto">MIDDLE EAST SECURITY REPORT 8:The Assad Regime by Joseph Holliday, dtd March 2013</ref> The all [[Alawite]] Struggle Companies are broadly similar to the [[Defense Companies (Syria)|Defense Companies]] and are/were fanatically loyal to the Syrian government and were heavily used during the 1982 [[Hama]] [[1982 Hama Massacre|Muslim Brotherhood uprising]]<ref>Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars (2), Men-at-Arms 194, by Samuel Katz, 1988 with 2005 reprint. {{ISBN|0-85045-800-5}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> |
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The Syrian president |
The Syrian president exercised direct control over the Saraya al-Sira', [[Defense Companies (Syria)|Saraya al-Difa']], and the [[Republican Guard (Syria)|Republican Guard]] all of whom function as a [[Praetorian Guard]].<ref name="auto1">Arab Amies of the Middle East Wars (2), Osprey Men at Arms series #194 p43 by Samuel Katz</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://countrystudies.us/syria/56.htm |title=Syria - The Power Elite|work=countrystudies.us|accessdate=29 November 2015}}</ref> The headquarters of the Saraya al-Sira' was [[Mezzeh Military Airport]] |
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The Saraya al-Sira' wore combat uniforms quite distinct from the regular Syrian military, their uniform consisted of [[Lizard (camouflage)|lizard-patterned camouflage]] [[fatigues]] along with Soviet combat boots, helmets and bulletproof vests. Headgear consisted of a red or orange beret.<ref name="auto1"/> |
The Saraya al-Sira' wore combat uniforms quite distinct from the regular Syrian military, their uniform consisted of [[Lizard (camouflage)|lizard-patterned camouflage]] [[fatigues]] along with Soviet combat boots, helmets and bulletproof vests. Headgear consisted of a red or orange beret.<ref name="auto1"/> |
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Revision as of 22:03, 9 October 2023
| Struggle Companies/Struggle Brigades سرايا الصراع | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1973– Unknown (dissolved) |
| Country |  Syria |
| Allegiance | Syrian Armed Forces |
| Type | Praetorian Guard Shock Troops Special Forces |
| Role | Airborne forces Close-quarters combat Counter-insurgency Raiding Direct action Special operations Unconventional warfare |
| Size | 5,000 (peak in 1990) |
| Garrison/HQ | Damascus |
| Engagements | |
| Commanders | |
| Ceremonial chief | Hafez al-Assad |
| Notable commanders | Adnan al-Assad Muhammad al-Assa |
The Struggle Companies (Template:Lang-ar; Saraya al-Sira) was 5,000-strong commando force deployed around Damascus. Created in 1973 and commanded by Maj. Gen Adnan Assad, a cousin of the late Syrian president, Hafez Assad.[1][2] The all Alawite Struggle Companies are broadly similar to the Defense Companies and are/were fanatically loyal to the Syrian government and were heavily used during the 1982 Hama Muslim Brotherhood uprising[3][2]
The Syrian president exercised direct control over the Saraya al-Sira', Saraya al-Difa', and the Republican Guard all of whom function as a Praetorian Guard.[4][5] The headquarters of the Saraya al-Sira' was Mezzeh Military Airport
The Saraya al-Sira' wore combat uniforms quite distinct from the regular Syrian military, their uniform consisted of lizard-patterned camouflage fatigues along with Soviet combat boots, helmets and bulletproof vests. Headgear consisted of a red or orange beret.[4]
See also
References
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. Country Studies. Federal Research Division.
- ^ "Syria's Praetorian Guards: A Primer". meforum.org. August 2000. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
- ^ a b MIDDLE EAST SECURITY REPORT 8:The Assad Regime by Joseph Holliday, dtd March 2013
- ^ Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars (2), Men-at-Arms 194, by Samuel Katz, 1988 with 2005 reprint. ISBN 0-85045-800-5
- ^ a b Arab Amies of the Middle East Wars (2), Osprey Men at Arms series #194 p43 by Samuel Katz
- ^ "Syria - The Power Elite". countrystudies.us. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
Sources
- Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness 1948-91, Kenneth M. Pollack, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln and London, 2002, and Pollack's book reviewed in International Security, Vol. 28, No. 2
- Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars (Men-at-Arms, 194) by Samuel Katz, Osprey Publishing 1988, ISBN 978-0-85045-800-8
- Armies in Lebanon 1982 to 1984 (Men at Arms Series, 165) by Samuel Katz and Ronald Volstad, Osprey Publishing 1985, ISBN 978-0-85045-602-8
External links