Tristychius: Difference between revisions
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'''''Tristychius''''' (from {{lang-el|τρεις}} {{transl|el|treis}}, 'three' and {{lang-el|στῐ́χος}} {{transl|el|stíkhos}} 'row')<ref>{{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=George |title=An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology |date=1839 |publisher=Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans |location=London |page=174 |url=https://archive.org/details/anetymologicala00robegoog |access-date=1 January 2022 |language=English}}</ref> is an extinct genus of [[ |
'''''Tristychius''''' (from {{lang-el|τρεις}} {{transl|el|treis}}, 'three' and {{lang-el|στῐ́χος}} {{transl|el|stíkhos}} 'row')<ref>{{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=George |title=An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology |date=1839 |publisher=Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans |location=London |page=174 |url=https://archive.org/details/anetymologicala00robegoog |access-date=1 January 2022 |language=English}}</ref> is an extinct genus of [[elasmobranch]] [[chondrichthyan]] from the [[Carboniferous]] period ([[Visean]]). Fossils of ''T. arcuatus'', the type and only species, including fin spines have been found in [[Scotland]]. |
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''Tristychius'' was a small shark, about {{convert|60|cm|ft|sigfig=1}} long. It had a well-developed upturned [[caudal fin]], similar to that of many modern sharks. Physically it may have resembled a modern [[Squaliformes|dogfish]]. ''Tristychius'' also had spikes attached to the bases of its [[dorsal fin]]s, probably for protection against predators.<ref name=EoDP>{{cite book |editor=Palmer, D.|year=1999 |title= The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals|publisher= Marshall Editions|location=London|page= 27|isbn= 978-1-84028-152-1}}</ref> |
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''Tristychius'' was a small animal, up to about {{convert|60|cm|ft|sigfig=1}} long. It had a [[heterocercal]] [[caudal fin]], and large spines on two dorsal fins.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dick |first=John R. F. |date=1978 |title=On the Carboniferous shark Tristychius arcuatus Agassiz from Scotland |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/earth-and-environmental-science-transactions-of-royal-society-of-edinburgh/article/abs/on-the-carboniferous-shark-tristychius-arcuatus-agassiz-from-scotland/98465509DDF9A6F3BEC97C1823329F16 |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh |language=en |volume=70 |issue=4 |pages=63–108 |doi=10.1017/S0080456800012898 |issn=2053-5945}}</ref> Unlike other chondrichthyans that have three basal plates on dorsal fin (propterygium, mesopterygium and metapterygium), its dorsal fin had only two basal plates and lacked mesopterygium.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coates |first=Michael I. |last2=Gess |first2=Robert W. |date=2007 |title=A NEW RECONSTRUCTION OF ONYCHOSELACHE TRAQUAIRI , COMMENTS ON EARLY CHONDRICHTHYAN PECTORAL GIRDLES AND HYBODONTIFORM PHYLOGENY |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00719.x |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=50 |issue=6 |pages=1421–1446 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00719.x |issn=0031-0239}}</ref> Even through it is one of the earliest known stem-elasmobranchs, it is estimated to be a specialized [[Suction feeder|suction feedeeing]] [[benthic]] predator, either [[Ambush predator|ambushing]] or using stealth to approach its prey.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Coates |first=Michael I. |last2=Tietjen |first2=Kristen |last3=Olsen |first3=Aaron M. |last4=Finarelli |first4=John A. |date=2019-09-06 |title=High-performance suction feeding in an early elasmobranch |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aax2742 |journal=Science Advances |language=en |volume=5 |issue=9 |doi=10.1126/sciadv.aax2742 |issn=2375-2548 |pmc=PMC6739094 |pmid=31535026}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 02:10, 22 October 2023
| Tristychius Temporal range: Early Carboniferous,
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| Restoration of Tristychius | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Family: | †Tristychiidae |
| Genus: | †Tristychius Agassiz, 1837[1] |
| Type species | |
| †Tristychius arcuatus Agassiz, 1837
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Tristychius (from Template:Lang-el treis, 'three' and Template:Lang-el stíkhos 'row')[2] is an extinct genus of elasmobranch chondrichthyan from the Carboniferous period (Visean). Fossils of T. arcuatus, the type and only species, including fin spines have been found in Scotland.
Tristychius was a small animal, up to about 60 centimetres (2 ft) long. It had a heterocercal caudal fin, and large spines on two dorsal fins.[3] Unlike other chondrichthyans that have three basal plates on dorsal fin (propterygium, mesopterygium and metapterygium), its dorsal fin had only two basal plates and lacked mesopterygium.[4] Even through it is one of the earliest known stem-elasmobranchs, it is estimated to be a specialized suction feedeeing benthic predator, either ambushing or using stealth to approach its prey.[5]
References
- ^ L. Agassiz. 1837. Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome III (livr. 8-9). Imprimérie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel viii-72
- ^ Roberts, George (1839). An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans. p. 174. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
- ^ Dick, John R. F. (1978). "On the Carboniferous shark Tristychius arcuatus Agassiz from Scotland". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh. 70 (4): 63–108. doi:10.1017/S0080456800012898. ISSN 2053-5945.
- ^ Coates, Michael I.; Gess, Robert W. (2007). "A NEW RECONSTRUCTION OF ONYCHOSELACHE TRAQUAIRI , COMMENTS ON EARLY CHONDRICHTHYAN PECTORAL GIRDLES AND HYBODONTIFORM PHYLOGENY". Palaeontology. 50 (6): 1421–1446. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00719.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
- ^ Coates, Michael I.; Tietjen, Kristen; Olsen, Aaron M.; Finarelli, John A. (2019-09-06). "High-performance suction feeding in an early elasmobranch". Science Advances. 5 (9). doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax2742. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 6739094. PMID 31535026.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
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