Kaimal: Difference between revisions
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'''Kaimal''' is an aristocratic title that was historically used by various chiefs from the [[Nair]] caste during the [[History of Kerala|feudal period]] of what is now the Indian state of [[Kerala]] |
'''Kaimal''' is an aristocratic title that was historically used by various chiefs from the [[Nair]] caste during the [[History of Kerala|feudal period]] of what is now the Indian state of [[Kerala]]. It was the title awarded to notable [[Samantha Kshatriya|Samanthan]] and [[Kiryathil Nair]] families.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729-1758 |first=M. O. |last=Koshy |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1989 |isbn=978-8-17099-136-6 |page=ix |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8SLhyAc9AC&pg=PR10}}</ref> Various families have used the title, including the Kaimals of Koratti, Angi and Koddachery.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729-1758 |first=M. O. |last=Koshy |publisher=Mittal Publications |year=1989 |isbn=978-8-17099-136-6 |pages=45, 49 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8SLhyAc9AC&pg=PA45}}</ref> |
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Kaimals identify themselves as a Nair sub-cast with [[Kshatriya]] varna. Historically, some were kings and princes.<ref> |
Kaimals identify themselves as a Nair sub-cast with [[Kshatriya]] varna. Historically, some were kings and princes.<ref> |
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Revision as of 15:38, 22 October 2023
Kaimal is an aristocratic title that was historically used by various chiefs from the Nair caste during the feudal period of what is now the Indian state of Kerala. It was the title awarded to notable Samanthan and Kiryathil Nair families.[1] Various families have used the title, including the Kaimals of Koratti, Angi and Koddachery.[2]
Kaimals identify themselves as a Nair sub-cast with Kshatriya varna. Historically, some were kings and princes.[3][full citation needed][4] [5] Many Kaimal families are now part of Kshatriya Kshema Sabha along with NSS.[6][need quotation to verify]
Portuguese ascendancy
The Fifth Portuguese India Armada under Afonso de Albuquerque arrived in 1503, just in time to save the King of Cochin from the Zamorin of Calicut. The Portuguese then turned their attention to the chieftains who had fought against the Cochin army, and committed atrocities wherein they killed local inhabitants in large numbers and also indiscriminately burnt down towns and villages.[7]
The Portuguese and the king subsequently entered into a treaty with the Anchi Kaimals whereby they accepted the overlordship of the Cochin throne.[8]
The Dutch in Cochin
On 26 October 1662, the rulers of Kochi successfully defeated the Portuguese who wanted to change the statue of Kochi from that of an ally to that of a vassal. They exploited the rivalry between the Dutch and the Portuguese, and made the Dutch their ally in the war against the Portuguese forces. The Kochi kings fought this battle with the assistance rendered by the Anchi Kaimals.[9]
T. I. Poonen says
It may be mentioned that one of the important causes of Dutch success in Cochin was the loyal co-operation they received from the Anchi Kaimals or five lords of whom the most important was Cheranellular Kartha.[10]
Regional rulers
Some regional rulers such as Koratty Kaimal were served and protected by trained non-Nair warriors as well.[11]
Territorial rulers titled Kaimal and Kartha ran parallel administrative systems by challenging kings. [12][full citation needed] A few of them were very powerful and even Raja sought help from foreign powers such as the Portuguese to conquer them.[13]
See also
References
- ^ Koshy, M. O. (1989). The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729-1758. Mittal Publications. p. ix. ISBN 978-8-17099-136-6.
- ^ Koshy, M. O. (1989). The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729-1758. Mittal Publications. pp. 45, 49. ISBN 978-8-17099-136-6.
- ^
"Journal of Kerala Studies". 2005.
Only the kings called Kaimal can marry the relatives of the kings called Samanthar
- ^ From Biography to History Essays in the History of Portuguese Asia (1500-1800). The University of Virginia. 2005. ISBN 9788189420017.
- ^
Kaimal,” the title of a prince of the Nayar caste in Malabar (Dalgado I 172-173). "Francis Xavier: His Life, his times - vol. 2: India, 1541-1545". The Jesuits Historical Institute, 1977.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "ക്ഷത്രിയ ക്ഷേമസഭ വിപുലീകരിക്കും". Archived from the original on 4 January 2022. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ^ Menon, A. Sreedhara (1965). Kerala District Gazetteers, Eranakulam. pp. 120–121.
- ^ Menon, A. Sreedhara (1965). Kerala District Gazetteers, Eranakulam. p. 121.
- ^ Menon, A. Sreedhara (1965). Kerala District Gazetteers, Eranakulam. p. 153.
- ^ Poonen, T. I. A survey of the rise of the Dutch Power in Malabar. pp. 106–107.
- ^
"Kerala District Gazetteers: Kottayam". Superintendent of Government Presses. 1981.
Collected From The University of California
- ^ "International Congress on Kerala Studies". the University of Michigan. 1994.
- ^ "A history of Kerala, 1498-1801". 1960,Page 56 57. 1960.