Kinen-sai: Difference between revisions
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[[Kinensai]] is a festival that was celebrated every year in [[History of Japan|ancient Japan]] on February 4th. It was an important observance of the government. It was held to pray for a good harvest. [[Emperor Tenmu]] started the festival in 675. All the shrines of the [[Engishiki Jinmyocho]] had to do the ceremony.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fujimori |first=Kaoru |title=Kinensai |url=https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=9300 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=[[Kokugakuin University]] encyclopedia of shinto}}</ref> |
[[Kinensai]] is a festival that was celebrated every year in [[History of Japan|ancient Japan]] on February 4th. It was an important observance of the government. It was held to pray for a good harvest. [[Emperor Tenmu]] started the festival in 675. All the shrines of the [[Engishiki Jinmyocho]] had to do the ceremony.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fujimori |first=Kaoru |title=Kinensai |url=https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=9300 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=[[Kokugakuin University]] encyclopedia of shinto}}</ref> |
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During the festival, tribute was offered to the gods, and the ceremony was attended by high-ranking officials, but the emperor himself did not participate. In the Heian period, the festival |
During the festival, tribute was offered to the gods, and the ceremony was attended by high-ranking officials, but the emperor himself did not participate. In the [[Heian period]], the festival declined and was only celebrated in the [[Department of Divinities]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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Later, the festival became more solemn and focused on worshipping [[Amaterasu|Amaterasu Ōmikami]], the sun goddess, and during the period of "[[Cloistered Emperor|cloistered emperors]]", it became a rite performed by the emperor himself to honor Amaterasu. Kinensai eventually became such a sacred ceremony that it would be canceled in case of any pollution at the Ise Shrines.<ref name=":0" /> |
Later, the festival became more solemn and focused on worshipping [[Amaterasu|Amaterasu Ōmikami]], the sun goddess, and during the period of "[[Cloistered Emperor|cloistered emperors]]", it became a rite performed by the emperor himself to honor Amaterasu. Kinensai eventually became such a sacred ceremony that it would be canceled in case of any pollution at the Ise Shrines.<ref name=":0" /> This is similar to the [[Feng Shan]] festival in China.<ref name=":02">{{cite book |last1=Bokenkamp |first1=Stephen |title=Religions of Asia in Practice |year=2002 |isbn=9780691188140 |pages=386–395 |chapter=24. Record of the Feng and Shan Sacrifices |doi=10.1515/9780691188140-029 |chapter-url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780691188140-029/pdf}}</ref> |
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However, the festival |
However, the festival stopped being celebrated in the late Muromachi period due to military conflict. It was later revived in a form called sairō by Shirakawa house, the ruling clan of the [[Department of Divinities]]. But this form was quite abbreviated. Kinensai would later be revived in the [[Meiji Restoration]].<ref name=":0" /> |
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It is sometimes contrasted with {{ill|Niiname-no-Matsuri|en}} or the fall festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kinen-sai (Ceremony for praying for the harvest), Tauchi-mai Shinji (Shinto rituals to pray for a good harvest for the year) {{!}} Samukawa-jinja Shrine|url=https://samukawajinjya.jp/en/festival/kinen-tauchimai.html|access-date=2023-05-13|website=Samukawa-jinja Shrine Official Website|language=en}}</ref> |
It is sometimes contrasted with {{ill|Niiname-no-Matsuri|en}} or the fall festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kinen-sai (Ceremony for praying for the harvest), Tauchi-mai Shinji (Shinto rituals to pray for a good harvest for the year) {{!}} Samukawa-jinja Shrine|url=https://samukawajinjya.jp/en/festival/kinen-tauchimai.html|access-date=2023-05-13|website=Samukawa-jinja Shrine Official Website|language=en}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 21:31, 1 November 2023
Kinensai is a festival that was celebrated every year in ancient Japan on February 4th. It was an important observance of the government. It was held to pray for a good harvest. Emperor Tenmu started the festival in 675. All the shrines of the Engishiki Jinmyocho had to do the ceremony.[1]
During the festival, tribute was offered to the gods, and the ceremony was attended by high-ranking officials, but the emperor himself did not participate. In the Heian period, the festival declined and was only celebrated in the Department of Divinities.[1]
Later, the festival became more solemn and focused on worshipping Amaterasu Ōmikami, the sun goddess, and during the period of "cloistered emperors", it became a rite performed by the emperor himself to honor Amaterasu. Kinensai eventually became such a sacred ceremony that it would be canceled in case of any pollution at the Ise Shrines.[1] This is similar to the Feng Shan festival in China.[2]
However, the festival stopped being celebrated in the late Muromachi period due to military conflict. It was later revived in a form called sairō by Shirakawa house, the ruling clan of the Department of Divinities. But this form was quite abbreviated. Kinensai would later be revived in the Meiji Restoration.[1]
It is sometimes contrasted with Niiname-no-Matsuri or the fall festival.[3]
References
- ^ a b c d Fujimori, Kaoru. "Kinensai". Kokugakuin University encyclopedia of shinto. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help)CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Bokenkamp, Stephen (2002). "24. Record of the Feng and Shan Sacrifices". Religions of Asia in Practice. pp. 386–395. doi:10.1515/9780691188140-029. ISBN 9780691188140.
- ^ "Kinen-sai (Ceremony for praying for the harvest), Tauchi-mai Shinji (Shinto rituals to pray for a good harvest for the year) | Samukawa-jinja Shrine". Samukawa-jinja Shrine Official Website. Retrieved 2023-05-13.