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Revision as of 09:21, 9 November 2023

For the river rapids, see Colorado River.

Sapphire Rapids
General information
LaunchedJanuary 10, 2023; 23 months ago (2023-01-10)
Marketed byIntel
Designed byIntel
Common manufacturer
Cache
L1 cache112 KB per core
64 KB instruction
48 KB data
L2 cache2 MB per core
L3 cacheUp to 112.5 MB
L4 cacheUp to 64 GB
Architecture and classification
Technology nodeIntel 7 (previously known as 10ESF)
MicroarchitectureGolden Cove
Instruction setx86-64
Extensions
Physical specifications
Cores
  • Up to 60 P-cores
Socket
Products, models, variants
Core name
Brand name
History
PredecessorsIce Lake-SP (1S and 2S systems)
Cooper Lake (4S and 8S systems)
SuccessorsEmerald Rapids, Sierra Forest
Support status
Supported

Sapphire Rapids is a codename for Intel's server (fourth generation Xeon Scalable) and workstation processors based on Intel 7.[1][2][3][4]

Sapphire Rapids is part of the Eagle Stream server platform.[5][6] In addition, it will be powering Aurora, an exascale supercomputer in the United States, at Argonne National Laboratory.[7]

History

Sapphire Rapids has been a long-standing Intel project in development for over five years and has been subjected to many delays.[8] Sapphire Rapids was first announced by Intel at their Investor Meeting in May 2019 with the intention of Sapphire Rapids succeeding Ice Lake in 2021.[9][10] Intel again announced details on Sapphire Rapids in their August 2021 Architecture Day presentation with no mention of a launch date.[11] Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger tacitly blamed the previous Intel leadership as a reason for Sapphire Rapid's many delays.[8] One industry analyst firm claimed that Intel was having problems with yields from its Intel 7 node with yields of 50–60% on higher core-count silicon.[12] Sapphire Rapids was originally scheduled for a launch in the first half of 2022.[13] It was later scheduled for release in Q4 2022 but was again delayed to early 2023.[14] The specific announcement date of January 10, 2023 was not revealed by Intel until November 2022.[15] The server processor lineup was released on January 10, 2023, and the workstation processor lineup was released on February 15, 2023.[16] Nevine Nassif is a chief engineer for this generation.[17] Those processors were available for shipping on March 14 of that year.[18] Intel shipped millionth of this generation Xeon processors at 2023.[19]

Features

CPU

Further information: Golden Cove
  • Up to 60 Golden Cove CPU cores per package[20]
  • AVX512-FP16[21]
  • TSXLDTRK[22]
  • Advanced Matrix Extensions (AMX)[20]
  • Trust Domain Extensions (TDX), a collection of technologies to help deploy hardware-isolated virtual machines (VMs) called trust domains (TDs)[23]
  • In-Field Scan (IFS), a technology that allows for testing the processor for potential hardware faults without taking it completely offline[24]
  • Data Streaming Accelerator (DSA), allows for speeding up data copy and transformation between different kinds of storage[25][26]
  • QuickAssist Technology (QAT), allows for improved performance of compression and encryption tasks[26]
  • Dynamic Load Balancer (DLB), allows for offloading tasks of load balancing, packet prioritization and queue management[26]
  • In-Memory Analytics Accelerator (IAA), allows accelerating in-memory databases and big data analytics[26]

Not all accelerators are available in all processor models. Some accelerators are available under the Intel On Demand program, also known as Software Defined Silicon (SDSi), where a license is required to activate a given accelerator that is physically present in the processor. The license can be obtained as a one-time purchase or as a paid subscription. Activating the license requires support in the operating system. A driver with the necessary support was added in Linux 6.2.[27][26]

I/O

Die configurations

Sapphire Rapids come in two varieties: the low-core-count variety uses a single die (MCC), and the high-core-count variety uses multiple dies on a single package (XCC).

XCC multi-die configuration

  • Multi-die chip with four tiles linked by 2.5D Embedded Multi-die Interconnect Bridges. Each tile is a 400mm2 SoC, providing both compute cores and I/O.[31]
    • Each tile contains 15 Golden Cove cores
    • Each tile's memory controller provides two channels of DDR5 with a maximum of eight channels across 4 tiles[32]
    • A tile provides up to 32 PCIe 5.0 lanes, but one of the eight PCIe controllers of a CPU is usually reserved for DMI, resulting in a maximum of 112 non-chipset lanes. This maximum is only reached in the W-3400 series processors, while the server processors have 80.[33]

Products

Sapphire Rapids-HBM (Xeon Max Series)

Xeon Max processors contain 64 GB of High Bandwidth Memory.

Model number Cores
(Threads) 		Base
clock
GHz 		All core
turbo
boost
GHz 		Max turbo
boost
GHz 		Smart
Cache 		TDP
Base /
Turbo
(W) 		Maximum
scalability 		Registered
DDR5
w. ECC
support (MT/s) 		UPI links Release
MSRP
(USD)
9480 56 (112) 1.9 2.6 3.5 112.5 MB 350 2S 4800 4 $12980
9470 52 (104) 2.0 2.7 3.5 105.0 MB 350 2S 4800 4 $11590
9468 48 (96) 2.1 2.6 3.5 105.0 MB 350 2S 4800 4 $9900
9460 40 (80) 2.2 2.7 3.5 97.5 MB 350 2S 4800 3 $8750
9462 32 (64) 2.7 3.1 3.5 75.0 MB 350 2S 4800 3 $7995

Sapphire Rapids-SP (Server)

With its maximum of 60 cores, Sapphire Rapids-SP competes with AMD's EPYC Genoa with up to 96 cores. Sapphire Rapids Xeon server products are scalable from single-socket configurations up to 8 socket configurations.[34][35]

Xeon Platinum

Model number Cores
(Threads) 		Base
clock
GHz 		All core
turbo
boost
GHz 		Max turbo
boost
GHz 		Smart
Cache 		TDP
Base /
Turbo
(W) 		Maximum
scalability 		Registered
DDR5
w. ECC
support (MT/s) 		UPI links Release
MSRP
(USD)
8490H 60 (120) 1.9 2.9 3.5 112.5 MB 350 8S 4800 4 $17000
8488C 48 (96) 2.4 ? ? 105.0 MB 385 2S 4800 ?
8487C 56 (112) 1.9 ? 3.8 105.0 MB 350 2S 4800 ?
8481C 56 (112) 2.0 2.9 3.8 105.0 MB 350 2S 4800 ?
8480+ 56 (112) 2.0 3.0 3.8 105.0 MB 350 2S 4800 4 $10710
8480C 56 (112) 2.0 3.0 3.8 105.0 MB 350 2S 4800 4
8478C 48 (96) 2.2 ? 3.8 105 MB 350 2S 4800 ?
8475B 48 (96) 2.7 3.2 3.8 97.5 MB 350 2S 4800 ?
8474C 48 (96) 2.1 ? 3.8 97.5 MB 350 2S 4800 ?
8473C 52 (104) 2.1 2.9 3.8 105 MB 350 2S 4800 ?
8471N 52 (104) 1.8 2.8 3.6 97.5 MB 300 1S 4800 4 $5171
8470Q 52 (104) 2.1 3.2 3.8 105.0 MB 350 2S 4800 4 $9410
8470N 52 (104) 1.7 2.7 3.6 97.5 MB 300 2S 4800 4 $9520
8470 52 (104) 2.0 3.0 3.8 105.0 MB 350 2S 4800 4 $9359
8469C 48 (96) 2.6 3.1 3.8 97.5 MB 350 2S 4800 ?
8468V 48 (96) 2.4 2.9 3.8 97.5 MB 330 2S 4800 3 $7121
8468H 48 (96) 2.1 3.0 3.8 105.0 MB 330 8S 4800 4 $13923
8468 48 (96) 2.1 3.1 3.8 105.0 MB 350 2S 4800 4 $7214
8465C 52 (104) 2.1 2.9 3.8 105.0 MB 350 2S 4800 ?
8462Y+ 32 (64) 2.8 3.6 4.1 60.0 MB 300 2S 4800 3 $5945
8461V 48 (96) 2.2 2.8 3.7 97.5 MB 300 1S 4800 0 $4491
8460Y+ 40 (80) 2.0 2.8 3.7 105.0 MB 300 2S 4800 4 $5558
8460H 40 (80) 2.2 3.1 3.8 105.0 MB 330 8S 4800 4 $10710
8458P 44 (88) 2.7 3.2 3.8 82.5 MB 350 2S 4800 3 $7121
8454H 32 (64) 2.1 2.7 3.4 82.5 MB 270 8S 4800 4 $6540
8452Y 36 (72) 2.0 2.8 3.2 67.5 MB 300 2S 4800 4 $3995
8450H 28 (56) 2.0 2.6 3.5 75.0 MB 250 8S 4800 4 $4708
8444H 16 (32) 2.9 3.2 4.0 45.0 MB 270 8S 4800 4 $4234
8432C 40 (80) ? ? 3.8 ? 350 2S 4800 ?
8422C 36 (72) ? ? ? ? 2S 4800 ?

Xeon Gold

Model number Cores
(Threads) 		Base
clock
GHz 		All core
turbo
boost
GHz 		Max turbo
boost
GHz 		Smart
Cache 		TDP
Base /
Turbo
(W) 		Maximum
scalability 		Registered
DDR5
w. ECC
support (MT/s) 		UPI links Release
MSRP
(USD)
6462C 32 (64) 3.3 ? ? 60.0 MB ? 2S 4800 ?
6458Q 32 (64) 3.1 4.0 4.0 60.0 MB 350 2S 4800 3 $6416
6456C 32 (64) 2.9 3.3 4.1 60.0 MB 280 2S 4800 ?
6454S 32 (64) 2.2 2.8 3.4 60.0 MB 270 2S 4800 4 $3157
6448Y 32 (64) 2.1 3.0 4.1 60.0 MB 225 2S 4800 3 $3583
6448H 32 (64) 2.4 3.2 4.1 60.0 MB 250 4S 4800 3 $3658
6444Y 16 (32) 3.6 4.0 4.1 45.0 MB 270 2S 4800 3 $3622
6442Y 24 (48) 2.6 3.3 4.0 60.0 MB 225 2S 4800 3 $2878
6438Y+ 32 (64) 2.0 2.8 4.0 60.0 MB 205 2S 4800 3 $3141
6438N 32 (64) 2.0 2.7 3.6 60.0 MB 205 2S 4800 3 $3351
6438M 32 (64) 2.2 2.8 3.9 60.0 MB 205 2S 4800 3 $3273
6434H 8 (16) 3.7 4.1 4.1 22.5 MB 195 4S 4800 3 $3070
6434 8 (16) 3.7 4.1 4.1 22.5 MB 195 2S 4800 3 $2607
6430 32 (64) 2.1 2.6 3.4 60.0 MB 270 2S 4400 3 $2128
6428N 32 (64) 1.8 2.5 3.8 60.0 MB 185 2S 4000 3 $3200
6426Y 16 (32) 2.5 3.3 4.1 37.5 MB 185 2S 4800 3 $1517
6421N 32 (64) 1.8 2.6 3.6 60.0 MB 185 1S 4400 3 $2368
6418H 24 (48) 2.1 2.9 4.0 60.0 MB 185 4S 4800 3 $2065
6416H 18 (36) 2.2 2.9 4.2 45.0 MB 165 4S 4800 3 $1444
6414U 32 (64) 2.0 2.6 3.4 60.0 MB 250 1S 4800 0 $2296
5420+ 28 (56) 2.0 2.7 4.1 52.5 MB 205 2S 4400 3 $1848
5418Y 24 (48) 2.0 2.8 3.8 45.0 MB 185 2S 4400 3 $1483
5418N 24 (48) 1.8 2.6 3.8 45.0 MB 165 2S 4000 3 $1664
5416S 16 (32) 2.0 2.8 4.0 30.0 MB 150 2S 4400 3 $944
5415+ 8 (16) 2.9 3.6 4.1 22.5 MB 150 2S 4400 3 $1066
5412U 24 (48) 2.1 2.9 3.9 45.0 MB 185 1S 4400 0 $1113
5411N 24 (48) 1.9 2.8 3.9 45.0 MB 165 1S 4400 3 $1388

Xeon Bronze and Silver

Model number Cores
(Threads) 		Base
clock
GHz 		All core
turbo
boost
GHz 		Max turbo
boost
GHz 		Smart
Cache 		TDP
Base /
Turbo
(W) 		Maximum
scalability 		Registered
DDR5
w. ECC
support (MT/s) 		UPI links Release
MSRP
(USD)
Xeon Silver 4416+ 20 (40) 2.0 2.9 3.9 37.5 MB 165 2S 4000 2 $1176
Xeon Silver 4410Y 12 (24) 2.0 2.8 3.9 30.0 MB 150 2S 4000 2 $563
Xeon Silver 4410T 10 (20) 2.7 3.4 4.0 26.25 MB 150 2S 4000 2 $624
Xeon Bronze 3408U 8 (8) 1.8 1.9 1.9 22.5 MB 125 1S 4000 0 $415

Sapphire Rapids-WS (Workstation)

With its maximum of 56 cores, Sapphire Rapids-WS competes with AMD's Threadripper Pro 5000WX with up to 64 cores.[36] Like Intel's Core product segmentation into i3, i5, i7 and i9, Sapphire Rapids-WS is labeled Xeon w3, w5, w7 and w9.[37] Sapphire Rapids-WS was unveiled in February 2023, and will be initially available for OEMs in March.[38][39] CPUs with "X" suffix have its multiplier unlocked for overclocking.[40]

  • CPU models ending with X are overclockable, others are not.
Processor
branding 		Model
Design
 Cores
(Threads) 		Base
clock
GHz 		Max
boost
GHz 		Smart
Cache 		Registered
DDR5
w. ECC
support 		PCI-e
5.0
lanes 		TDP
Base /
Turbo
(W) 		Release
MSRP
(USD)
Xeon w9 3495X 56 (112) 1.9 4.8 105 MB 8-channel
4800 MT/s
4TB 		112 350 / 420 $5889
3475X 36 (72) 2.2 82.5 MB 300 / 420 $3739
Xeon w7 3465X 28 (56) 2.5 75.0 MB 300 / 360 $2889
3455 24 (48) 67.5 MB 270 / 324 $2489
3445 20 (40) 2.6 52.5 MB $1989
Xeon w5 3435X 16 (32) 3.1 4.7 45.0 MB $1589
3425 12 (24) 3.2 4.6 30.0 MB $1189
Xeon w7 2495X
Monolithic
 24 (48) 2.5 4.8 45.0 MB 4-channel
4800 MT/s
2TB 		64 225 / 270 $2189
2475X 20 (40) 2.6 37.5 MB $1789
Xeon w5 2465X 16 (32) 3.1 4.7 33.7 MB 200 / 240 $1389
2455X 12 (24) 3.2 4.6 30.0 MB $1039
2445 10 (20) 3.1 26.2 MB 175 / 210 $839
Xeon w3 2435 8 (16) 4.5 22.5 MB 4-channel
4400 MT/s
2TB 		165 / 198 $669
2425 6 (12) 3.0 4.4 15.0 MB 130 / 156 $529
2423 2.1 4.2 120 / 144 $359

See also

References

  1. ^ Cutress, Ian (August 13, 2020). "Intel's 11th Gen Core Tiger Lake SoC Detailed: SuperFin, Willow Cove and Xe-LP". AnandTech. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  2. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (October 14, 2019). "Intel Sapphire Rapids & Granite Rapids Xeons Are LGA 4677 Compatible". Wccftech. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  3. ^ Cutress, Ian (February 17, 2022). "Intel Discloses Multi-Generation Xeon Scalable Roadmap: New E-Core Only Xeons in 2024". AnandTech. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  4. ^ Shilov, Anton (October 27, 2020). "Intel: Alder Lake Sampling, Sapphire Rapids Samples in Q4". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  5. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (May 21, 2019). "Intel Xeon Roadmap Leak, 10nm Ice Lake, Sapphire Rapids CPU Detailed". Wccftech. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  6. ^ Alcorn, Paul (June 29, 2021). "Intel's Sapphire Rapids Roadmap Slips: Enters Production in 2022". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  7. ^ Russell, John (November 17, 2019). "Intel Debuts New GPU – Ponte Vecchio – and Outlines Aspirations for oneAPI". HPC Wire. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
  8. ^ a b Patel, Nilay (October 4, 2022). "Pat Gelsinger came back to turn Intel around — here's how it's going". The Verge. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  9. ^ Schor, David (May 21, 2019). "Leaked Intel Server Roadmap Shows Sapphire Rapids With DDR5/PCIe 5.0 For 2021, Granite Rapids For 2022". WikiChip Fuse. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  10. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (May 21, 2019). "Intel Xeon Roadmap Leaked Out, Unveils 10nm Ice Lake-SP With PCIe Gen 4 & Up To 26 Cores in 2020, Next-Gen Sapphire Rapids With PCIe Gen 5 & DDR5 in 2021". Wccftech. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  11. ^ Intel Technology (August 19, 2021). "Sapphire Rapids – Architecture Day 2021 | Intel Technology". YouTube. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  12. ^ Wheatley, Mike (November 1, 2022). "Intel's Sapphire Rapids server chips face yet more delays, with AMD set to benefit". Silicon Angle. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  13. ^ Cutress, Ian (June 29, 2021). "Update on Intel Sapphire Rapids in 2022: Q1 for Production, Q2 for Ramp, H1 Launch". AnandTech. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  14. ^ Cunningham, Andrew (November 2, 2022). "Intel's oft-delayed "Sapphire Rapids" Xeon CPUs are finally coming in early 2023". Ars Technica. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  15. ^ Shilov, Anton (November 2, 2022). "Intel's Sapphire Rapids Formal Launch Date Revealed". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
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  17. ^ "Crafting and Testing the Do-Anything Server Chip". Intel. February 7, 2023. Retrieved April 2, 2023.
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  19. ^ Intel Corporation, Intel Unveils Future-Generation Xeon with Robust Performance and Efficiency Architectures
  20. ^ a b c d Cutress, Ian (August 31, 2021). "Intel Xeon Sapphire Rapids: How To Go Monolithic with Tiles". AnandTech. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  21. ^ "Intel® AVX512-FP16 Architecture Specification, June 2021, Revision 1.0, Ref. 347407-001US" (PDF). Intel. June 30, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2021.
  22. ^ "Intel® Architecture Instruction Set Extensions and Future Features Programming Reference" (PDF). Intel. May 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  23. ^ Shah, Agam (April 25, 2023). "Intel's TDX Goes Through the Grind Ahead of Mass Release to Cloud". EnterpriseAI. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  24. ^ Larabel, Michael (December 16, 2022). "Intel IFS Ready To Weed Out Faulty Silicon With Linux 6.2". Phoronix. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
  25. ^ Jiang, Dave (November 20, 2019). "Introducing the Intel® Data Streaming Accelerator (Intel® DSA)". 01 Intel Open Source. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  26. ^ a b c d e Larabel, Michael (January 13, 2023). "Setting Up Intel 4th Gen Xeon Scalable "Sapphire Rapids" For Accelerator Use". Phoronix. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
  27. ^ Larabel, Michael (November 23, 2022). "Intel Details The Accelerators & Security Features For On Demand / Software Defined Silicon". Phoronix. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
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  31. ^ Tyson, Mark (August 19, 2021). "Intel Sapphire Rapids utillises tiled, modular SoC architecture". Hexus. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
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  34. ^ Robinson, Cliff (October 6, 2022). "Intel Xeon Sapphire Rapids to Scale to 4 and 8 Sockets". ServeTheHome. Retrieved November 27, 2022.
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  37. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (July 23, 2022). "Intel Sapphire Rapids-WS Xeon Workstation CPU Lineup Specs Leaked: Xeon W9 Up To 56 Cores, Xeon W7 Up To 28 Cores, Xeon W5 Up To 16 Cores". Wccftech. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
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