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from:28/10/2023 till: 03/11/2023 color:5 text:"Celine"
from:28/10/2023 till: 03/11/2023 color:5 text:"Celine"
from:29/10/2023 till: 04/11/2023 color:4 text:"[[Storm Ciarán|Ciarán]]"
from:29/10/2023 till: 04/11/2023 color:4 text:"[[Storm Ciarán|Ciarán]]"
from:03/11/2023 till: 05/11/2023 color:5 text:"Domingos"
from:03/11/2023 till: 05/11/2023 color:5 text:"Domingos"|
from:09/11/2023 till: 09/11/2023 color:5 text:"Elisa"
bar:Month width:7 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas
bar:Month width:7 align:center fontsize:S shift:(0,-20) anchor:middle color:canvas
from:01/09/2023 till:30/09/2023 text:September
from:01/09/2023 till:30/09/2023 text:September

Revision as of 19:16, 9 November 2023

2023–2024 European windstorm season
First storm formed25 September 2023
Strongest storm1Ciarán 953 hPa (28.14 inHg)[1]
Strongest wind gustCiarán 207 km/h (129 mph): Pointe du Raz, France: 2 November 2023
Total storms7
Total fatalities29 + 1 missing
1Strongest storm is determined by lowest pressure and maximum recorded non-mountainous wind gust is also included for reference.

The 2023–2024 European windstorm season is the ninth season of the European windstorm naming in Europe. The new season's storm names were announced on 1 September 2023. Storms that occur up until 31 August 2024 will be included in this season. This was the fifth season where the Netherlands participated, alongside the United Kingdom's Met Office and Ireland's Met Éireann in the western group. The Portuguese, Spanish, French and Belgian meteorological agencies collaborated for the seventh time, joined by Luxembourg's agency (South-western group). This is the third season where Greece, Israel and Cyprus (Eastern Mediterranean group), and Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta (Central Mediterranean group) named storms which affected their areas.

Background and naming

Definitions and naming conventions

Main article: Weather system naming in Europe

There is no universal definition of what constitutes a windstorm in Europe, nor is there a universally accepted system of naming storms. For example, in the Western Group, consisting of the UK, Ireland, and the Netherlands, a storm is named if one of the meteorological agencies in those countries issues an orange warning (amber in the UK), which generally requires a likelihood of widespread sustained wind speeds greater than 65 km/h, or widespread wind gust speeds over 110 km/h. (Required wind speeds vary slightly by agency and by season.) Both the likelihood of impact and the potential severity of the system are considered when naming a storm.[2][3][4] The Southwest Group of Spain, Portugal, and France share a similar storm-naming scheme, though their names differ from those used by the Western Group.[5] In Greece, however, naming criteria were established for storms when the storm's forecasted winds are above 50 km/h over land, with the wind expected to have a significant impact to infrastructures.[6] In Denmark, a windstorm must have an hourly average windspeed of at least 90 km/h (25 m/s).[7]

The Meteorology Department of the Free University of Berlin (FUB) names all high and low pressure systems that affect Europe, though they do not assign names to any actual storms.[8] A windstorm that is associated with one of these pressure systems will at times be recognized by the name assigned to the associated pressure system by the FUB. Named windstorms that have been recognized by a European meteorological agency are described in this article.

Naming conventions used in Europe are generally based on conditions that are forecast, not conditions that have actually occurred, as public awareness and preparedness are often cited as the main purpose of the naming schemes–for example, a reference.[3] Therefore, an assignment of a storm name does not mean that a storm will actually develop.

Western Group (United Kingdom, Ireland and the Netherlands)

In 2015, the Met Office and Met Éireann announced a project to name storms as part of the "Name our Storms" project for windstorms and asked the public for suggestions. The meteorological offices produced a full list of names for 2015–2016 through 2017–2018, common to both the United Kingdom and Ireland, with the Netherlands taking part from 2019 onwards. Names in the United Kingdom will be based on the National Severe Weather Warning Service.

The following names were chosen for the 2023–2024 season in the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the Netherlands. [9] For a windstorm to be named, the United Kingdom's Met Office, Ireland's Met Eireann, and the Netherlands KNMI have to issue an amber weather warning, preferably for wind, but a storm can also be named for amber warnings of rain and snow (e.g. Storm Arwen in 2021).[10]

  • Agnes
  • Babet
  • Ciarán
  • Debi (unused)
  • Elin (unused)
  • Fergus (unused)
  • Gerrit (unused)
  • Henk (unused)
  • Isha (unused)
  • Jocelyn (unused)
  • Kathleen (unused)
  • Lilian (unused)
  • Minnie (unused)
  • Nicholas (unused)
  • Olga (unused)
  • Piet (unused)
  • Regina (unused)
  • Stuart (unused)
  • Tamiko (unused)
  • Vincent (unused)
  • Walid (unused)

South-western Group (France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium and Luxembourg)

This was the seventh year in which the meteorological agencies of France, Spain and Portugal named storms that affected their areas.[11]

  • Aline
  • Bernard
  • Celine
  • Domingos
  • Elisa (active)
  • Frederico (unused)
  • Geraldine (unused)
  • Hipolito (unused)
  • Irene (unused)
  • Juan (unused)
  • Karlotta (unused)
  • Louis (unused)
  • Monica (unused)
  • Nelson (unused)
  • Olivia (unused)
  • Pierrick (unused)
  • Renata (unused)
  • Sancho (unused)
  • Tatiana (unused)
  • Vasco (unused)
  • Wilhelmina (unused)

Central Mediterranean Group (Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta)

The following names were chosen for the 2023–2024 season in Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Malta.[12]

  • Alexis (unused)
  • Bettina (unused)
  • Ciro (unused)
  • Dorothea (unused)
  • Emil (unused)
  • Fedra (unused)
  • Gori (unused)
  • Helga (unused)
  • Italo (unused)
  • Lilith (unused)
  • Marco (unused)
  • Nada (unused)
  • Ole (unused)
  • Palmira (unused)
  • Rocky (unused)
  • Shirlene (unused)
  • Tino (unused)
  • Ute (unused)
  • Vito (unused)
  • Zena (unused)

Eastern Mediterranean Group (Greece, Israel and Cyprus)

The Eastern Mediterranean Group works slightly differently compared to other naming lists, instead of ending a season on the 31 August of that year, they end the season on the 30 September of that year.[13] These are the names that were chosen for the 2023–24 season in Greece, Israel and Cyprus.[14]

  • Avgi (unused)
  • Ben (unused)
  • Cornelius (unused)
  • Doros (unused)
  • Eden (unused)
  • Fedra (unused)
  • Gea (unused)
  • Hillel (unused)
  • Iris (unused)
  • Kerean (unused)
  • Leonidas (unused)
  • Maria (unused)
  • Nir (unused)
  • Olympias (unused)
  • Petros (unused)
  • Qamar (unused)
  • Raphael (unused)
  • Sofia (unused)
  • Tal (unused)
  • Urania (unused)
  • Viran (unused)
  • Widad (unused)
  • Xenophon (unused)
  • Yakinthi (unused)
  • Ziv (unused)

Northern Group (Denmark, Norway and Sweden)

This naming group, like the naming from the Free University of Berlin, does not use a naming list but names storms when it has not received a name by any other meteorological service in Europe and is projected to affect Denmark, Norway or Sweden.

Season summary

EUMETNET groups naming lists by colour
  Western group
  South-western group
  Northern group
  Central & southern group
  Central Mediterranean group
  North-east group
  South-east group
  Eastern Mediterranean group

All storms named by European meteorological organisations in their respective forecasting areas, as well as Atlantic hurricanes that transitioned into European windstorms and retained the name assigned by the National Hurricane Center:

Storm CiaránStorm Babet

Storms

Storm Agnes (Kilian)

"Storm Agnes" redirects here. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Agnes.
Storm Agnes
Area affectedIreland, United Kingdom
Date of impact25 – 29 September 2023
Maximum wind gust135 km/h (84 mph): Capel Curig, Wales: 27 September 2023 [15]
Fatalities0
DamageUnspecified

Storm Agnes was named by the UK's Met Office on 25 September 2023 and was forecasted to bring strong winds and heavy rain to much of the UK and Ireland.[16] The storm, which was also named Kilian by the Free University of Berlin and the Deutscher Wetterdienst,[17] impacted the British Isles on 27 September.

Storm Babet (Viktor)

Main article: Storm Babet
Storm Babet
Area affectedSpain, Portugal, France, Ireland, United Kingdom (particularly Angus, Scotland), Germany, Denmark, Sweden
Date of impact16–22 October 2023
Maximum wind gust185 km/h (115 mph) at Cairn Gorm Summit, Scotland on 19 October 2023
Fatalities10 + 1 missing (5 indirect deaths, car crashes caused by rain and wind)
Power outages55,000 (England), 27,000 (Scotland)[18]
DamageUnspecified

While Storm Babet was named by the United Kingdom's Met Office on 16 October and the Free University of Berlin named the system Viktor, affected large parts of western and northern Europe.[19][20] It first affected Portugal and southwestern Spain with strong winds, heavy rains and floods on 16–17 October, subsequently moving to northern Europe.[21] The Met Office issued several yellow rain and wind warnings for large parts of the UK, along with amber rain warnings for parts of north eastern England and Scotland.[22] A rare red weather warning was issued for eastern parts of Scotland.[23]

Met Éireann issued Yellow rain warnings for most of Ireland.[24] An orange rain warning for south western Ireland was also issued, and there was flooding in the south of the Island, especially the east of County Cork; Midleton was particularly badly hit.[25][26]

A rare red warning for rainfall was issued across portions of eastern Scotland by the Met Office on 19 October.[27] A wind gust of 124 km/h (77 mph) was registered at the coast in Inverbervie.[28] In the highlands, Cairn Gorm summit recorded a gust of 185 km/h (115 mph).[29] In Brechin, Scotland, residents were asked to evacuate their homes by the local council.[30]

In Denmark, southern Sweden and northern Germany, the wind caused some material damages, fallen trees and cancellations of ferries, trains and planes, but the most serious effect was a storm surge, with large amounts of seawater being pushed by the wind into the westernmost Baltic Sea and Danish straits (unlike floods in Great Britain, Ireland and the Iberian Peninsula that primarily were caused by heavy rain).[31][32][33] In parts of Denmark (southeastern Jutland, southern Funen, southern Zealand and smaller islands in the area) and Germany (eastern Schleswig-Holstein), it caused the highest floods in more than a century, with some places in Denmark having sea levels that were up to 2.39 m (7 ft 10 in) above normal and in the Germany up to 2.22 m (7 ft 3 in) above normal.[34][35][36] In certain, particularly exposed places, people were evacuated after levees broke and houses were flooded.[36][37] On the opposite, western side of Jutland and Schleswig-Holstein, the waters were forced away from the shore by the wind, with sea levels up to 3 m (9.8 ft) below normal, stranding boats and preventing several ferries from running because of insufficient water depths.[36][38][39]

There were at least six recorded fatalities: a 57 year old woman died after being swept into a river in Angus (Scotland), a 56 year old man died after his van hit a tree near Forfar in Angus, a man in his 60s was killed after being swept away by flood waters near Cleobury Mortimer (England),[40][41], a 33 year old woman was killed on the German island of Fehmarn when her car was hit by a falling tree,[36] and a woman in her 80s in Chesterfield died in floods. A man trapped in a vehicle in floodwater near the Aberdeenshire village of Marykirk was later found dead.[42]


Damage in Schleswig-Holstein was estimated to be 200 Million Euro.[43]

Storm Aline (Wolfgang)

Storm Aline
Area affectedIberian Peninsula, Portugal, Spain, France, Jersey, Guernsey, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy
Date of impact18–27 October 2023
Maximum wind gust146 km/h (90 mph), Quiberon, France, 20 October 2023[44]
Fatalities0
Power outagesUnspecified
DamageUnspecified

Storm Aline was named by Spain's state weather forecast agency AEMET, while Wolfgang was the name given by the Free University of Berlin[45] both on 18 October 2023. The storm caused heavy rainfall across several parts of Spain and France. More than 20 flights were diverted from Malaga Airport and a gust of 100 km/h was reported in Cabrera.[46][47]

Storm Bernard (Xanthos)

Storm Bernard
Area affectedMorocco, Iberian Peninsula, France, United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain
Date of impact21–26 October 2023
Fatalities2
Power outagesUnspecified
DamageUnspecified

Storm Bernard was named by the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA) on 22 October 2023, but the Free University of Berlin noticed and named this system, Xanthos, on 21 October 2023 instead.

Storm Celine (Benj)

Storm Celine
Area affectedPortugal, Spain, France, Iberian Peninsula
Date of impact28 October – 3 November 2023
Fatalities1
DamageUnspecified

Storm Celine was named and reported on 28 October 2023 by the Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), at around 1 pm local time that same afternoon. The cold front moved down south, causing heavy rain accompanied by thunderstorms. IPMA also predicted wind gusts as high as 90 km/h in the highlands and waves up to 6 m in height.[48]

The storm passed through central Portugal on 29 October. By 30 October, it had swept through southern Portugal and prompted yellow weather warnings for heavy rain in nine provinces in five autonomous communities in Spain.[49] The Costa del Sol recorded temperatures as high as 25°C while the interior experienced a dip in temperatures as low as 18°C in Ronda. Weather warning were issued in western France until 31 October.[50]

One death was reported, namely a 70-year old woman killed a falling tree in France on 29 October.[51]

Storm Ciarán (Emir)

Main article: Storm Ciarán
Storm Ciarán
Area affectedIreland, United Kingdom, Benelux,[52] France,[53] Spain,[54] Czech Republic,[55] Italy,[56] Channel Islands
Date of impact29 October – 4 November 2023
Maximum wind gust207 km/h (129 mph), Pointe du raz, France: 2 November 2023
Fatalities15 [57][58][59]
Power outages1,305,000
DamageUnspecified

Storm Ciarán was named by the United Kingdom's Met Office on 29 October, while the Free University of Berlin gave this system Emir on 30 October 2023. It is expected to bring winds of 90 to 120 km/h (56 to 75 mph) widely with > 130 km/h (80 mph) on some coasts. More heavy rainfall is expected to fall which will exacerbate the flooding from Storm Babet a week prior. A large yellow weather warning for rain and wind in place for the South Wales, Devon and Cornwall, south coast and the east coast of East Anglia. In Cornwall, 4,000 properties were left without power.[60] In Devon, 250 schools were closed.[61] In Dorset, the Freshwater Beach Holiday Park at Burton Bradstock was destroyed. Other places in Dorset affected included Loders, Easton and West Bay.[62] A caravan park at Tenby in Wales was evacuated due to flooding.[63]

The Met Office stated Storm Ciarán is undergoing explosive cyclogenesis as of 1 November.[64] The storm especially affected the Isle of Jersey. Where a freak thunderstorm created a tornado alongside the golf ball sized hail with windspeeds of the storm reaching around over 160 km/h (100 mph).[65][66] The southern coast of England and France were severely affected by the storm, with record wind gusts in France being reported around 208 km/h (129 mph).[67] The storm also caused flooding and huge waves.[68]

In the Netherlands an orange weather warning was given for the coastal provinces for high winds. Events were cancelled, including the Dutch Headwind Cycling Championships at the last minute due to safety. There was a lot of disruption due to cancelled flights and trains.[69] People were advised to work from home, and to not drive unless absolutely necessary.[70]

There were 15 human fatalities as a result of the storm.

A 46-year-old woman died in Germany when a tree fell on her.[71] There were two deaths in Belgium, a 5-year-old child and a 64-year-old woman from falling branches.[72] A 23-year-old woman died in Spain from a fallen tree.[73] In France two deaths were reported, including a 72-year-old man who was blown off his balcony.[74] And in the Netherlands a person was killed when a tree fell on their car.[75] As of 3 November 2023, six more died in Italy and one in Albania.[76]

Six people were killed during heavy rains in the region of Tuscany, Italy, with rivers flooding and causing damage. Several roads and highways are closed amid landslides. Severe damage also occurred in Campobasso, Molise, evacuations were being made in Veneto with highways being closed, and emergency calls occurred in Rome. In Sardinia, strong winds fueled fires that burned hectares of vegetation, while a man was killed in Capoterra, and in Tortolì an entire sawmill burned down.[77]

In total there were more than 1 million power outages, and in Cornwall around 4,000 properties were left without power.[78][79][80]

Storm Domingos (Fred)

Storm Domingos
Area affectedPortugal, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Ireland,[81] Belgium,[82] Channel Islands (indirectly),[83] Iberia,[84] Andalusia,[85] Balearic Islands[86]
Date of impact3-5 November 2023
Fatalities1[87][88]
DamageUnspecified

Storm Domingos was named and reported on 3 November 2023 by the Spanish Met Service (AEMET). The storm was subsequently named Fred by the Free University of Berlin on 4 November 2023 at 1200UTC. It is expected to bring strong winds to France, Spain and Portugal with wind warnings in force for parts of those countries. The United Kingdom has a yellow rain warning for the south coast, issued by the Met Office.

One death was reported; an employee from Enedis was killed in the French region of Brittany, on 5 November 2023.[89]

Season effects

Storm Dates active Highest wind gust Lowest pressure First reported by Areas affected Fatalities (+missing) Damage Refs
Agnes 25–29 September 2023 135 km/h (84 mph), Capel Curig, Wales[15] 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) United Kingdom Ireland, United Kingdom 0 Moderate [90]
Babet 16–22 October 2023 185 km/h (115 mph) Cairn Gorm, Scotland 977 hPa (28.85 inHg) United Kingdom Spain, Portugal, France, Ireland, United Kingdom, Angus, Scotland, Germany, Denmark, Sweden 10 (+2) 3 (indirect deaths) Major
Aline 18–27 October 2023 146 km/h (90 mph), Quiberon, France 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Spain Iberian Peninsula, Portugal, Spain, France, Jersey, Guernsey, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy 0 Unspecified
Bernard 21–26 October 2023 Unspecified Unspecified Portugal Morocco, Iberian Peninsula, France, United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain 2 Unspecified [91]
Celine 28 October 2023 – 3 November 2023 Unspecified Unspecified Portugal Portugal, Spain, France, Iberian Peninsula 1 Unspecified [92][93]
Ciarán 29 October 2023 – 4 November 2023 207 km/h (129 mph): Pointe du Raz, France 953 hPa (28.14 inHg)[1] United Kingdom Ireland, United Kingdom, Benelux, France, Spain, Czech Republic, Italy, Channel Islands 15 (+1 flamingo)[94][95] Major [57][96][97]
Domingos 3-5 November 2023 Unspecified Unspecified Spain Portugal, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Ireland, Belgium, Channel Islands (indirectly), Iberia, Andalusia, Balearic Islands 1 [98][99]

See also

  • Weather of: 2023
  • Tropical cyclones in 2023

References

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  58. ^ "Una mujer de 23 años muere por la caída de un árbol en el centro de Madrid tras la llegada de la superborrasca 'Ciarán'". El País (in Spanish). 2023-11-02.
  59. ^ https://www.itv.com/news/channel/2023-11-02/flamingos-dies-in-storm-ciaran-at-jersey-zoo/
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  61. ^ "Devon: Storm Ciarán causes floods, power outages and shuts schools". BBC News. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
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  63. ^ "Wales weather: Tenby caravan site evacuates as Storm Ciarán hits". BBC News. 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
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  65. ^ "WATCH: Footage appearing to show tornado in Jersey – and Islanders share pictures of devastation". 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
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  67. ^ "Storm Ciarán whips western Europe, blowing record winds in France and leaving millions without power". AP News. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  68. ^ "Storm Ciaran in pictures: Flooded streets and huge waves as parts of England hit by high winds and driving rain". Sky News. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  69. ^ "Storm Ciarán hield flink huis in Nederland, dit gebeurde er allemaal vandaag". RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  70. ^ "Storm Ciarán: ANWB adviseert thuiswerk, NS past dienstregeling aan". De Telegraaf (in Dutch). 2023-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
  71. ^ "Sturm "Ciarán" zieht ab - Gefahr durch herabstürzende Äste im Wald bleibt". www.ndr.de (in German). Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  72. ^ "Storm Ciaran causes two deaths in Belgium". Reuters. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  73. ^ "Una mujer de 23 años muere por la caída de un árbol en Madrid en plena borrasca 'Ciarán'". El País (in Spanish). 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  74. ^ "Tempête Ciaran : Un homme de 72 ans est mort en tombant de son balcon en France, 2e mort lié à la tempête dans le pays". sudinfo.be (in French). 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  75. ^ "One person killed as storm Ciarán blows down trees". DutchNews.nl. 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  76. ^ "Storm Ciarán brings record rainfall to Italy as European death toll rises to 14". Independent.ie. 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
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  80. ^ "Atlantic Storm Ciaran: hurricane force wind gusts, waves up to 10m, severe weather and flood risk for western Europe and Italy". 3BMeteo | Previsioni Meteo (in Italian). 2023-10-30. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
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  90. ^ "UK, Ireland: Storm Agnes to bring adverse weather across Ireland and the UK through at least 29 September".
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  92. ^ "Storm Celine expected to hit Portugal with heavy rain and storms this weekend". 2023-10-28.
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  94. ^ Dodental storm Ciarán loopt op tot 15, kosten door schade in Nederland vallen mee
  95. ^ "La tempête Ciaran a fait douze morts en Europe". 2023-11-03.
  96. ^ "Storm Ciarán arrives: Trains and planes cancelled, first death recorded in Belgium". 2023-11-02.
  97. ^ "Tempête Ciaran : Un homme de 72 ans est mort en tombant de son balcon en France, 2e mort lié à la tempête dans le pays" (in French). 2023-11-02.
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