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{{Japanese Imperial Rituals}}
{{Japanese Imperial Rituals}}[[Kinen-sai]] is a festival that was celebrated every year in [[History of Japan|ancient Japan]] on February 4th. It was an important observance of the government. It was held to pray for a good harvest. [[Emperor Tenmu]] started the festival in 675. All the shrines of the [[Engishiki Jinmyocho]] had to do the ceremony.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fujimori |first=Kaoru |title=Kinensai |url=https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=9300 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314175900/https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=9300 |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=[[Kokugakuin University]] encyclopedia of shinto}}</ref>
{{nihongo|[[Kinen-sai]]|祈年祭|4=also read as Toshigoi no Matsuri}}<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Hardacre |first=Helen |url=https://www.amazon.ca/Shinto-History-Helen-Hardacre/dp/0190621710 |title=Shinto: A History |date=2016-11-11 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-062171-1 |edition=Illustrated edition |location=New York (N.Y.) |language=English}}</ref>{{rp|32}} is a festival that was celebrated every year in [[History of Japan|ancient Japan]] on February 4th. It was an important observance of the government.<ref name=":0" /> It was held to pray for a good harvest.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />{{rp|32}} [[Emperor Tenmu]] started the festival in 675. All the shrines of the [[Engishiki Jinmyocho]] had to do the ceremony.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Fujimori |first=Kaoru |title=Kinensai |url=https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=9300 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314175900/https://d-museum.kokugakuin.ac.jp/eos/detail/?id=9300 |archive-date=2023-03-14 |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=[[Kokugakuin University]] encyclopedia of shinto}}</ref>


During the festival, tribute was offered to the gods, and the ceremony was attended by high-ranking officials, but the emperor himself did not participate. In the [[Heian period]], the festival declined and was only celebrated in the [[Department of Divinities]].<ref name=":0" />
During the festival, tribute was offered to the gods, and the ceremony was attended by high-ranking officials, but the emperor himself did not participate. In the [[Heian period]], the festival declined and was only celebrated in the [[Department of Divinities]].<ref name=":0" />


However, the festival stopped being celebrated in the late Muromachi period due to military conflict. It was later revived in a form called sairō by Shirakawa house, the ruling clan of the [[Department of Divinities]]. But this form was quite abbreviated. Kinensai would later be revived in the [[Meiji Restoration]].<ref name=":0" />
However, the festival stopped being celebrated in the late [[Muromachi period]] due to military conflict. It was later revived in a form called sairō by Shirakawa house, the ruling clan of the [[Department of Divinities]]. But this form was quite abbreviated. Kinensai would later be revived in the [[Meiji Restoration]].<ref name=":0" />


It is sometimes contrasted with {{ill|Niiname-no-Matsuri|en}} or the fall festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kinen-sai (Ceremony for praying for the harvest), Tauchi-mai Shinji (Shinto rituals to pray for a good harvest for the year) {{!}} Samukawa-jinja Shrine|url=https://samukawajinjya.jp/en/festival/kinen-tauchimai.html|access-date=2023-05-13|website=Samukawa-jinja Shrine Official Website|language=en}}</ref>
It is sometimes contrasted with {{ill|Niiname-no-Matsuri|en}} or the fall festival.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kinen-sai (Ceremony for praying for the harvest), Tauchi-mai Shinji (Shinto rituals to pray for a good harvest for the year) {{!}} Samukawa-jinja Shrine|url=https://samukawajinjya.jp/en/festival/kinen-tauchimai.html|access-date=2023-05-13|website=Samukawa-jinja Shrine Official Website|language=en}}</ref>

Revision as of 06:05, 10 November 2023

  • Comment: The Shinto encyclopedia article indicates to me that this is extremely likely to be a notable topic, but we need sigcov in at least one other WP:RS for this. The other sources here are not in-depth discussion of the festival. Please take care not to stick so closely to the wording of your sources. asilvering (talk) 22:02, 6 November 2023 (UTC)


Ceremonies of the Imperial Palace
Shihohai [ja]・Saitan-sai [ja]
Genshi-sai [ja]
Sōji Hajime [ja]
Emperor Showa Festival
Emperor Kōmei Festival[a]
Kinen-sai
The Emperor's Birthday
Spring Kōreisai・Spring Shinden-sai [ja]
Emperor Jimmu Festival [ja]・Kōrei-den Kagura
Empress Kōjun festival[b]
Yoori [ja]・Ōharae-shiki
Emperor Meiji Festival[a]
Autumn Kōreisai・Autumn Shinden-sai [ja]
Kannamesai Festival
Niiname-no-Matsuri
Kashiko Dokoro Mikagura [ja]
Emperor Taishō Festival[a]
Yoori [ja]・Ōharae-shiki

Kinen-sai (祈年祭, also read as Toshigoi no Matsuri)[1][2]: 32  is a festival that was celebrated every year in ancient Japan on February 4th. It was an important observance of the government.[1] It was held to pray for a good harvest.[1][2]: 32  Emperor Tenmu started the festival in 675. All the shrines of the Engishiki Jinmyocho had to do the ceremony.[1]

During the festival, tribute was offered to the gods, and the ceremony was attended by high-ranking officials, but the emperor himself did not participate. In the Heian period, the festival declined and was only celebrated in the Department of Divinities.[1]

However, the festival stopped being celebrated in the late Muromachi period due to military conflict. It was later revived in a form called sairō by Shirakawa house, the ruling clan of the Department of Divinities. But this form was quite abbreviated. Kinensai would later be revived in the Meiji Restoration.[1]

It is sometimes contrasted with Niiname-no-Matsuri or the fall festival.[3]

It is now celebrated yearly all across Japan[4] including at Meiji Jingu,[5] and Isonokami Shrine

Notes

  1. ^ a b c This is an example name. There are three such festivals per year that celebrate the three most recent former emperors after the most recent former emperor.
  2. ^ This is an example name. The name changes as it celebrates the mother of the previous emperor.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Fujimori, Kaoru. "Kinensai". Kokugakuin University encyclopedia of shinto. Archived from the original on 2023-03-14. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  2. ^ a b Hardacre, Helen (2016-11-11). Shinto: A History (Illustrated edition ed.). New York (N.Y.): Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-062171-1. {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help)
  3. ^ "Kinen-sai (Ceremony for praying for the harvest), Tauchi-mai Shinji (Shinto rituals to pray for a good harvest for the year) | Samukawa-jinja Shrine". Samukawa-jinja Shrine Official Website. Retrieved 2023-05-13.
  4. ^ "Jinja-Honcho -CIVILIZATION OF THE DIVINE FOREST-". www.jinjahoncho.or.jp. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
  5. ^ "Rites & Events｜Meiji Jingu". www.meijijingu.or.jp. Retrieved 2023-11-01.
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