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'''Joseph Rolette, Jr.''' (23 October 1820 &ndash; 16 May 1871) was an American [[fur trade]]r and [[politician]] during [[Minnesota]]'s [[Territorial era of Minnesota|territorial era]] and the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. His father was [[Jean Joseph Rolette]], often referred to as Joe Rolette the Elder, a [[French-Canadian]] and trader himself.<ref name="Frontier">{{cite news|title=A Frontier Figure|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25202614/jean_joseph_rolette_17811842/|newspaper=The Saint Paul Globe |date=April 15, 1890|page=8|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = November 9, 2018 }} {{Open access}}</ref> Joseph Rolette's mother was Jane Fisher, who married Joe Rolette, Sr. in 1818 when she was either 13 or 14 years old. Jane's relatives took young Joseph to [[New York City|New York]]. Joseph's parents never divorced due to their Catholic faith, but became separated in 1836. As part of the settlement, Rolette Sr. built what is today known as the [[Brisbois House]] for his estranged wife on Water Street, St. Feriole Island, [[Prairie du Chien]], WI.
'''Joseph Rolette, Jr.''' (23 October 1820 &ndash; 16 May 1871) was an American [[fur trade]]r and [[politician]] during [[Minnesota]]'s [[Territorial era of Minnesota|territorial era]] and the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. His father was [[Jean Joseph Rolette]], often referred to as Joe Rolette the Elder, a [[French-Canadian]] and trader himself.<ref name="Frontier">{{cite news|title=A Frontier Figure|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25202614/jean_joseph_rolette_17811842/|newspaper=The Saint Paul Globe |date=April 15, 1890|page=8|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = November 9, 2018 }} {{Open access}}</ref> Joseph Rolette's mother was Jane Fisher, who married Joe Rolette, Sr. in 1818 when she was either 13 or 14 years old. Jane's relatives took young Joseph to [[New York City|New York]]. Joseph's parents never divorced due to their Catholic faith, but became separated in 1836. As part of the settlement, Rolette Sr. built what is today known as the [[Brisbois House]] for his estranged wife on Water Street, St. Feriole Island, [[Prairie du Chien]], WI.


As his sense of adventure developed, Joe Jr. headed back west in 1840 and by the time he was 21 he was working for his father's partners in the [[Red River valley]] area of [[Minnesota]]. Some names in Minnesota history ([[Henry Hastings Sibley]] and [[Ramsey Crooks]]) were active and running a fur trading company in the area. Whilst in their service, Joseph Rolette rebuilt a [[trading post]] at [[Pembina, North Dakota|Pembina]], being responsible for the building and defense of the post, as well as managing the business being conducted there. The area where the Pembina Trail crossed the Red Lake River is now [[Red Lake Falls, MN]].
As his sense of adventure developed, Joe Jr. headed back west in 1840, and by the time he was 21, he was working for his father's partners' in the [[Red River valley]] area of [[Minnesota]]. Some names in Minnesota history ([[Henry Hastings Sibley]] and [[Ramsey Crooks]]) were running a fur trading company in the area at the time. Whilst in their service, Joseph Rolette rebuilt a [[trading post]] at [[Pembina, North Dakota|Pembina]]. He oversaw its defenses and the business being conducted there. The area where the Pembina Trail crossed the Red Lake River is now [[Red Lake Falls, MN]].


In 1842 young Rolette put into a place a unique method of transportation. He created a line of carts that ran on the [[Red River Trails]] between Pembina and the head of Mississippi navigation at [[Mendota, Minnesota]]. As a result, a substantial portion of the trade enjoyed by the Hudson's Bay Company in [[Canada]] was diverted to the United States. Rolette ran this concern with his mother's brother. By this time the trading post had grown and a Canadian native, [[Norman W. Kittson]], was managing it. Kittson adopted the system of [[Red River ox carts]], growing and adding more lines until it consisted of several thousand vehicles.
In 1842 young Rolette put into a place a unique method of transportation. He created a line of carts that ran on the [[Red River Trails]] between Pembina and the head of Mississippi navigation at [[Mendota, Minnesota]]. As a result, a substantial portion of the trade enjoyed by the Hudson's Bay Company in [[Canada]] was diverted to the United States. Rolette undertook this venture with his mother's brother. By this time, the trading post had grown, and a Canadian native, [[Norman W. Kittson]], was managing it. Kittson adopted the system of [[Red River ox carts]], growing and adding more lines until it consisted of several thousand vehicles.


During the late 1840s Rolette also had a hand in defending the posts, both from commercial rivals and unfriendly [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]]. At one point he burned down a rival post which was trading [[whisky]] for furs, a transaction that was illegal during that time. In 1845 he married Angelique Jerome.<ref name="Morin2001">{{Citation | last=Morin | first=Gail | title=Métis Families: Quinn to Zace | publisher=Quintin Publications | year=2001 | page=49 | isbn=978-1-58211-412-5}}</ref> Together they had eleven children.
During the late 1840s, Rolette also had a hand in defending the posts, both from commercial rivals and unfriendly [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]]. At one point he burned down a rival post that traded [[whisky]] for furs, a transaction that was illegal during that time. In 1845, he married Angelique Jerome.<ref name="Morin2001">{{Citation | last=Morin | first=Gail | title=Métis Families: Quinn to Zace | publisher=Quintin Publications | year=2001 | page=49 | isbn=978-1-58211-412-5}}</ref> Together they had eleven children.


In 1851 he was elected to the Minnesota Territorial Legislature and served four terms. It was from his time in the legislature that the best-known story about him originates. A bill making [[St. Peter, Minnesota|St. Peter]] the capital of Minnesota was about to be enacted and, as he was chairman of the enrollment committee, bills of this nature had to pass through him. Rolette took physical possession of the document and disappeared for the rest of the session, not returning until it was too late to pass any more bills.<ref name="Frontier"/> St. Peter did not become the capital and it ended up in St. Paul where it remains today.<ref name="Frontier"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Correspondence of the Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25232295/joe_rolette_18201871/ |newspaper=Star Tribune |date=March 4, 1871|page=2|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = November 9, 2018 }} {{Open access}}</ref><ref name="MN legislature">{{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/fulldetail.asp?ID=14571|title=Minnesota Legislators Past & Present - Rolette, Jr., Joseph}}</ref> According to the story, he spent the week away from the legislature drinking and playing poker in a hotel room with some friends. According to other versions of the story, the "hotel room" was actually a brothel. From 1857 to 1858, he served in the first Minnesota State Constitutional Convention and the [[Minnesota State Senate]].<ref name="MN legislature"/>
In 1851, he was elected to the Minnesota Territorial Legislature, where he served four terms. It was during his time in the legislature that the most well-known story about him arose. A bill making [[St. Peter, Minnesota|St. Peter]] the capital of Minnesota was about to be enacted and, as he was chairman of the enrollment committee, bills of this nature had to pass through him. Rolette took physical possession of the document and disappeared for the rest of the session, not returning until it was too late to pass any more bills.<ref name="Frontier"/> St. Paul was instead chosen as the capital, as it remains today.<ref name="Frontier"/><ref>{{cite news|title=Correspondence of the Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25232295/joe_rolette_18201871/ |newspaper=Star Tribune |date=March 4, 1871|page=2|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = November 9, 2018 }} {{Open access}}</ref><ref name="MN legislature">{{cite web|url=http://www.leg.state.mn.us/legdb/fulldetail.asp?ID=14571|title=Minnesota Legislators Past & Present - Rolette, Jr., Joseph}}</ref> According to the story, he spent the week away from the legislature drinking and playing poker in a hotel room with some friends. According to other versions of the story, the "hotel room" was actually a brothel. From 1857 to 1858, he served in the first Minnesota State Constitutional Convention and the [[Minnesota State Senate]].<ref name="MN legislature"/>


During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] he was unable to get a commission in the [[Union army]] and by the end of the war had lost much of his fortune. His health declined and he died on May 16, 1871.<ref>{{cite news|title=Death of Joe Rolette—Newspaper Change |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25232312/joe_rolette_18201871/ |newspaper=The Indianapolis News |date=May 31, 1871|page=1|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = November 9, 2018 }} {{Open access}}</ref>
During the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] he was unable to get a commission in the [[Union army]] and by the end of the war had lost much of his fortune. His health declined and he died on May 16, 1871.<ref>{{cite news|title=Death of Joe Rolette—Newspaper Change |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25232312/joe_rolette_18201871/ |newspaper=The Indianapolis News |date=May 31, 1871|page=1|via = [[Newspapers.com]]|accessdate = November 9, 2018 }} {{Open access}}</ref>

Revision as of 19:49, 11 November 2023

Joe Rolette c. 1841
Rolette (center), Henry Hastings Sibley (right), and a man possibly identified as Franklin Steele (left). c. 1857

Joseph Rolette, Jr. (23 October 1820 – 16 May 1871) was an American fur trader and politician during Minnesota's territorial era and the Civil War. His father was Jean Joseph Rolette, often referred to as Joe Rolette the Elder, a French-Canadian and trader himself.[1] Joseph Rolette's mother was Jane Fisher, who married Joe Rolette, Sr. in 1818 when she was either 13 or 14 years old. Jane's relatives took young Joseph to New York. Joseph's parents never divorced due to their Catholic faith, but became separated in 1836. As part of the settlement, Rolette Sr. built what is today known as the Brisbois House for his estranged wife on Water Street, St. Feriole Island, Prairie du Chien, WI.

As his sense of adventure developed, Joe Jr. headed back west in 1840, and by the time he was 21, he was working for his father's partners' in the Red River valley area of Minnesota. Some names in Minnesota history (Henry Hastings Sibley and Ramsey Crooks) were running a fur trading company in the area at the time. Whilst in their service, Joseph Rolette rebuilt a trading post at Pembina. He oversaw its defenses and the business being conducted there. The area where the Pembina Trail crossed the Red Lake River is now Red Lake Falls, MN.

In 1842 young Rolette put into a place a unique method of transportation. He created a line of carts that ran on the Red River Trails between Pembina and the head of Mississippi navigation at Mendota, Minnesota. As a result, a substantial portion of the trade enjoyed by the Hudson's Bay Company in Canada was diverted to the United States. Rolette undertook this venture with his mother's brother. By this time, the trading post had grown, and a Canadian native, Norman W. Kittson, was managing it. Kittson adopted the system of Red River ox carts, growing and adding more lines until it consisted of several thousand vehicles.

During the late 1840s, Rolette also had a hand in defending the posts, both from commercial rivals and unfriendly Native Americans. At one point he burned down a rival post that traded whisky for furs, a transaction that was illegal during that time. In 1845, he married Angelique Jerome.[2] Together they had eleven children.

In 1851, he was elected to the Minnesota Territorial Legislature, where he served four terms. It was during his time in the legislature that the most well-known story about him arose. A bill making St. Peter the capital of Minnesota was about to be enacted and, as he was chairman of the enrollment committee, bills of this nature had to pass through him. Rolette took physical possession of the document and disappeared for the rest of the session, not returning until it was too late to pass any more bills.[1] St. Paul was instead chosen as the capital, as it remains today.[1][3][4] According to the story, he spent the week away from the legislature drinking and playing poker in a hotel room with some friends. According to other versions of the story, the "hotel room" was actually a brothel. From 1857 to 1858, he served in the first Minnesota State Constitutional Convention and the Minnesota State Senate.[4]

During the Civil War he was unable to get a commission in the Union army and by the end of the war had lost much of his fortune. His health declined and he died on May 16, 1871.[5]

Cited references

  1. ^ a b c "A Frontier Figure". The Saint Paul Globe. April 15, 1890. p. 8. Retrieved November 9, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  2. ^ Morin, Gail (2001), Métis Families: Quinn to Zace, Quintin Publications, p. 49, ISBN 978-1-58211-412-5
  3. ^ "Correspondence of the Tribune". Star Tribune. March 4, 1871. p. 2. Retrieved November 9, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  4. ^ a b "Minnesota Legislators Past & Present - Rolette, Jr., Joseph".
  5. ^ "Death of Joe Rolette—Newspaper Change". The Indianapolis News. May 31, 1871. p. 1. Retrieved November 9, 2018 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon

Further reading

  • Compendium of History and Biography of Central and Northern Minnesota (Chicago, Geo. A. Ogle & Co., 1904), page 49.
  • Joe Rolette Politics
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