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==Plot==
==Plot==
After the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]], the [[Soviet Union]] planted a number of long-term, deep-cover [[sleeper agent]]s all over the United States, who were thoroughly [[brainwashing|brainwashed]] that even they did not know they were agents. They can be activated only by a special code phrase, a line from the [[Robert Frost]] poem "[[Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening]]" – followed by the agent's real first name. Their mission was to sabotage crucial parts of the civil and military infrastructure in the event of war.
After the [[Cuban Missile Crisis]], the [[Soviet Union]] devised an insidious plan to plant long-term, deep-cover [[sleeper agent]]s throughout the United States, capable of sabotage and destruction in the event of nuclear war. These agents were so thoroughly [[brainwashing|brainwashed]] that they did not know they were agents. They could only be activated by a special code phrase, a line from the [[Robert Frost]] poem "[[Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening]]" – followed by the agent's real first name. This code phrase was designed to keep the agents hidden and was the only way to bring them back from their deep slumber. Upon activation, the agents had the capability to sabotage parts of the civil and military infrastructure and virtually any other important target. The Soviet Union's goal was to disrupt the U.S. government and economy in the event of a nuclear war, weakening the United States dramatically. It is not known how effective the sleeper agents were, and they are believed to have been largely decommissioned after the start of the Cold War. However, the idea of these agents being inserted into society is quite unsettling, and an example of the clever tactics employed during the Cold War era.


More than 20 years pass, and the [[Cold War]] gradually gives way to [[détente]]. Nikolai Dalchimsky, a rogue [[KGB]] headquarters clerk, travels to America and takes with him the ''Telefon Book'', which contains the names, addresses and telephone numbers of all the sleeper agents. He starts activating them, one by one. American [[counterintelligence]] is thrown into confusion when seemingly-ordinary citizens start blowing up facilities that were once important but now have little, if any, value. The agents either commit [[suicide]] or die in the act itself.
Throughout the world panic and chaos ensue, as Dalchimsky plots to exact his revenge on the United States. It has been more than 20 years, since the [[Cold War]] ended and the world has been able to find some peace after the long years of superpower struggle and strife. However, Nikolai Dalchimsky, a former [[KGB]] headquarters clerk, has other ideas for revenge for the United States. When he travels to America he brings with him a ''Telefon Book'' – which contains an extensive list of sleeper agents working for the KGB. Dalchimsky swiftly begins reactivating these individuals in orderly fashion and as they begin to make their presence felt, American [[counterintelligence]] is thrown into chaos. From seemingly ordinary citizens, to facilities that had once been key strategic assets, all of a sudden explosions begin to occur and the United States now has no choice but to sit and observe the destruction being wrought by these rogue agents. Whether the agents die in the act, or commit [[suicide]] afterwards, panic and chaos are spreading across the world as Dalchimsky plots his revenge from the shadows. As the United States desperately attempts to fight this new unseen enemy, the question lingers in the air, as to the level of destruction and uncertainty that can be led by a single individual.


The KGB had been taken by surprise by the discovery of the ''Telefon Book'', a document filled with information on all active KGB spies and agents in the United States. Until that moment, the KGB had not been aware of the full extent of the American espionage network and had never considered whether the network should be deactivated for security reasons. Believing that they must act quickly to prevent the Americans from learning what they know, the KGB sends Major Grigori Borzov with a single agent, Barbara, to find and stop the rogue KGB agent, Boris Dalchimsky, before he exposes the spy network to the Americans. Unfortunately, the KGB had neglected to deactivate the spy network before sending Borzov and Barbara on their mission. Fearing the consequences if the Americans were to discover the extent of their espionage activities, the KGB dared not tell its political leaders or the Americans about this negligence. Borzov and Barbara must now track down and neutralize Dalchimsky before either side has a chance to learn the truth. With the aid of his photographic memory, Borzov memorizes the contents of the only other copy of the Telefon Book in order to find and stop Dalchimsky. With only one agent to help him, it is a race against time for Borzov to silence Dalchimsky before the Americans discover the true extent of the KGB's espionage activities.
The KGB does not dare tell its political leaders, much less the Americans, about its negligence in not deactivating the spy network. KGB Major Grigori Borzov, who was selected in part for his [[photographic memory]], memorizes the contents of the only other copy of the ''Telefon Book'' and is sent to find and stop Dalchimsky quietly, before either side learns what is happening and possibly starts a war. Borzov is given the assistance of only a single agent, Barbara, who had been planted in America years before.


Eventually, after much detective work, Borzov comes to the realization behind the strange pattern of Dalchimsky's sabotage: he has been picking sabotage agents whose American hometowns begin with letters that spell out his own name. Dalchimsky's first two agents were chosen from cities in the same state, so Borzov was able to quickly draw the connection. From there Borzov began building up a list of every American city with a name starting with each of the letters in Dalchimsky. By doing this, he was able to anticipate the positions of every sabotage agent Dalchimsky aimed to hire; unfortunately, this list would also reveal those agents who had already been killed. Armed with this information Borzov went to stop Dalchimsky before he could continue his mission of destruction. In a dramatic confrontation, Borzov confronted Dalchimsky - who had no idea Borzov was onto him - and killed him before he could enact his master plan.
Eventually, Borzov realizes the method behind Dalchimsky's pattern of attacks: he has chosen the agents by the first letters of their American hometowns by "writing" his own name in sabotage across America. Borzov thus anticipates Dalchimsky's next chosen agent and kills Dalchimsky.


Barbara and Borzov escape with the secret documents that will allow them to leave the country together, and fulfill their dream of creating a better life in the United States together. Barbara eventually succeeds to get the documents they need, and they get out of Russia and into the United States. The once enemies become friends, with the understanding that they must keep their relations secret in order to remain safe from both the KGB and the CIA. Of course, they make sure that they both remain true to their towering principles and never turn their backs on their original goals. The film ends what was once an international battle of good versus evil became a true story of love conquering all.
However, there are a number of twists. Barbara has orders from the KGB to assassinate Borzov once he succeeds to get rid of a dangerous loose end. In addition, she is a [[double agent]] and actually works for America. When she informs her American superior, Sandburg, he also tells her to kill Borzov so that she will retain the confidence of the KGB. However, Barbara has fallen in love with her would-be target. She informs Borzov, and together, they blackmail both sides into leaving them alone by holding the threat of the remaining ''Telefon'' agents over their heads.


==Cast==
==Cast==

Revision as of 19:37, 13 November 2023

Telefon
Theatrical release poster
Directed byDon Siegel
Screenplay byPeter Hyams
Stirling Silliphant
Based onTelefon
1975 novel
by Walter Wager
Produced byJames B. Harris
StarringCharles Bronson
Lee Remick
Donald Pleasence
CinematographyMichael Butler
Edited byDouglas Stewart
Music byLalo Schifrin
Production
company
Distributed byUnited Artists (United States/Canada)
Cinema International Corporation (International)
Release date
  • December 16, 1977 (1977-12-16) (U.S.)
Running time
103 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish

Telefon is a 1977 spy film directed by Don Siegel and starring Charles Bronson, Lee Remick and Donald Pleasence.[1] The screenplay by Peter Hyams and Stirling Silliphant is based on the 1975 novel by Walter Wager.

Plot

After the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Soviet Union devised an insidious plan to plant long-term, deep-cover sleeper agents throughout the United States, capable of sabotage and destruction in the event of nuclear war. These agents were so thoroughly brainwashed that they did not know they were agents. They could only be activated by a special code phrase, a line from the Robert Frost poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" – followed by the agent's real first name. This code phrase was designed to keep the agents hidden and was the only way to bring them back from their deep slumber. Upon activation, the agents had the capability to sabotage parts of the civil and military infrastructure and virtually any other important target. The Soviet Union's goal was to disrupt the U.S. government and economy in the event of a nuclear war, weakening the United States dramatically. It is not known how effective the sleeper agents were, and they are believed to have been largely decommissioned after the start of the Cold War. However, the idea of these agents being inserted into society is quite unsettling, and an example of the clever tactics employed during the Cold War era.

Throughout the world panic and chaos ensue, as Dalchimsky plots to exact his revenge on the United States. It has been more than 20 years, since the Cold War ended and the world has been able to find some peace after the long years of superpower struggle and strife. However, Nikolai Dalchimsky, a former KGB headquarters clerk, has other ideas for revenge for the United States. When he travels to America he brings with him a Telefon Book – which contains an extensive list of sleeper agents working for the KGB. Dalchimsky swiftly begins reactivating these individuals in orderly fashion and as they begin to make their presence felt, American counterintelligence is thrown into chaos. From seemingly ordinary citizens, to facilities that had once been key strategic assets, all of a sudden explosions begin to occur and the United States now has no choice but to sit and observe the destruction being wrought by these rogue agents. Whether the agents die in the act, or commit suicide afterwards, panic and chaos are spreading across the world as Dalchimsky plots his revenge from the shadows. As the United States desperately attempts to fight this new unseen enemy, the question lingers in the air, as to the level of destruction and uncertainty that can be led by a single individual.

The KGB had been taken by surprise by the discovery of the Telefon Book, a document filled with information on all active KGB spies and agents in the United States. Until that moment, the KGB had not been aware of the full extent of the American espionage network and had never considered whether the network should be deactivated for security reasons. Believing that they must act quickly to prevent the Americans from learning what they know, the KGB sends Major Grigori Borzov with a single agent, Barbara, to find and stop the rogue KGB agent, Boris Dalchimsky, before he exposes the spy network to the Americans. Unfortunately, the KGB had neglected to deactivate the spy network before sending Borzov and Barbara on their mission. Fearing the consequences if the Americans were to discover the extent of their espionage activities, the KGB dared not tell its political leaders or the Americans about this negligence. Borzov and Barbara must now track down and neutralize Dalchimsky before either side has a chance to learn the truth. With the aid of his photographic memory, Borzov memorizes the contents of the only other copy of the Telefon Book in order to find and stop Dalchimsky. With only one agent to help him, it is a race against time for Borzov to silence Dalchimsky before the Americans discover the true extent of the KGB's espionage activities.

Eventually, after much detective work, Borzov comes to the realization behind the strange pattern of Dalchimsky's sabotage: he has been picking sabotage agents whose American hometowns begin with letters that spell out his own name. Dalchimsky's first two agents were chosen from cities in the same state, so Borzov was able to quickly draw the connection. From there Borzov began building up a list of every American city with a name starting with each of the letters in Dalchimsky. By doing this, he was able to anticipate the positions of every sabotage agent Dalchimsky aimed to hire; unfortunately, this list would also reveal those agents who had already been killed. Armed with this information Borzov went to stop Dalchimsky before he could continue his mission of destruction. In a dramatic confrontation, Borzov confronted Dalchimsky - who had no idea Borzov was onto him - and killed him before he could enact his master plan.

Barbara and Borzov escape with the secret documents that will allow them to leave the country together, and fulfill their dream of creating a better life in the United States together. Barbara eventually succeeds to get the documents they need, and they get out of Russia and into the United States. The once enemies become friends, with the understanding that they must keep their relations secret in order to remain safe from both the KGB and the CIA. Of course, they make sure that they both remain true to their towering principles and never turn their backs on their original goals. The film ends what was once an international battle of good versus evil became a true story of love conquering all.

Cast

Production

Development

MGM bought the film rights to the novel in October 1974.[2][3] The novel was published in April 1975. The New York Times called the novel "a doozie of a thriller".[4]

Peter Bellwood was the first writer. Then Peter Hyams wrote a script. Hyams says Dan Melnick then head of MGM told him he wanted Hyams to write and direct, but his last film Peeper had flopped and Hyams said "he knew there was no way he was going to let me direct it." They did like the script but brought in Richard Lester to direct. Hyams rewrote the script for Lester, who then left the project and Don Siegel came on board. Hyams would leave to make Capricorn One and Stirling Silliphant rewrote the script.[5][6]

In August 1976 it was announced Don Siegel would direct and Charles Bronson would star.[7] Siegel had directed Bronson in TV in the late 50s and said "I wanted to do this one because of Bronson. I think we would make a natural team."[8]

Bronson's wife Jill Ireland often worked with her husband and Bronson said the female lead was "perfect for her" but he did not insist and Lee Remick was cast instead.[9]

Filming

Principal photography began in January 1977.

Some of the film was shot in Finland, which doubled for Russia. A magazine in the Soviet Union ran an article critical of the film, claiming it aimed to stir up trouble and demonised the Russians. Don Siegel denied this saying the film was "pro Russia and pro peace."[10]

"I have to face the fact the story is cockamamie at best," said Siegel. "So I've been particularly painstaking to give the movie a feeling of authenticity."[8]

The city skyline depicting Houston, where part of the story line occurred, is actually that of Great Falls, Montana, where the majority of the film was shot. During filming, the crew had to order two truckloads of snow needed for one of the scenes, because the chinook winds in the area took away the snow they had. They were trucked from the mountains. Filming in downtown Great Falls was also included. The exploding building in one scene is actually the controlled demolition of the old Paris Gibson Junior High School. The explosion scene was filmed on February 20, 1977. The present day Paris Gibson square was undamaged, but the explosion started roof fires on a couple of nearby houses that were quickly extinguished by city firefighters hired by the movie company on stand by.

The Houston scenes were shot on a Hollywood backlot, while the interior of the Houston Hyatt Regency was portrayed by 5 Embarcadero Center in San Francisco, California – the location which was also used in The Towering Inferno.

The scenes with fires and explosions at a rocket engine test site were filmed at Rocketdyne's Santa Susana Field Laboratory in the mountains northwest of Los Angeles.

According to director Siegel, actress Lee Remick was terrified of Charles Bronson, and when asked to touch his face during a scene, responded, "I don't dare. He'll bite me!"[11]

As parts of the film were shot in Finland, there are several cameo appearances by Finnish movie stars, most notably Ansa Ikonen.[12]

Reception

Critical response

Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote, "Though there are action sequences in 'Telefon,' they are never sustained, and the screenplay only occasionally comes up with witty substitutes for the missing plausibility. However, to describe 'Telefon' as synthetic is to take it more seriously than it's taken by anyone connected with it."[13] Arthur D. Murphy of Variety called the film "pleasant escapism" with a story that "runs its interesting if predictable course until fadeout romantic clinch as the stars tell their respective employers to let them live in peace somewhere nice and idyllic, which by this time is really asking too much of audiences."[14] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 3 stars out of 4 and wrote that it "is by no means a great picture — just solid action held together by a string of explosions. In other words, it's a good movie to eat popcorn by."[15] Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called the film "a sleek diversion that hasn't much more to it than a routine TV movie."[16] Gary Arnold of The Washington Post stated, "The real problem is that the filmmakers lay out this story blueprint so doggedly that the audience is invariably 25 pages of expository chitchat ahead of them. Following 'Telefon' is about as thrilling as being kept on hold for the better part of the day."[17] Richard Combs of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote, "This dismal attempt to ring some changes in the spy genre—the protagonist is a KGB agent, his mission is to preserve East-West cordiality—is fatally undercut both by its surprisingly lukewarm plot and unengaged characters and by the fact that its updating is already out of date, Russian-American détente having sprung many leaks."[18] James Monaco wrote that Telefon don't do much but play with paranoia.[19]

"It was a typical Siegel film," Siegel said later. "It made absolutely no sense. I did the film because basically I'm a whore."[20]

The film holds a score of 40% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 15 reviews.[21]

Quentin Tarantino later wrote that "just because the premise is nutty doesn’t mean it’s bad. In fact, it’s far out enough that in the right hands, it could have been a stone gas. But those right hands definitely didn’t belong to old fart Siegel, who blew the picture’s chance for success by de-emphasizing the kooky elements and emphasizing the dull ones. Siegel not only wasted his time, he wasted the Stirling Silliphant and Peter Hyams (who should have directed) script."[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ Variety film review; December 14, 1977, page 12.
  2. ^ 'Telefon' Will Be Filmed by MGM Los Angeles Times 25 Oct 1974: g22.
  3. ^ News of the Screen: Jane Fonda Busy With 4 Projects A Time to Die' To Be Dramatized M-G-M Buys Rights To Espionage Book By A. H. WEILER. New York Times 27 Oct 1974: 63.
  4. ^ Criminals At Large By NEWGATE CALLENDAR. New York Times 13 Apr 1975: 272.
  5. ^ "Interview with Peter Hyams Part One". Money Into Light. August 2016.
  6. ^ Bettencourt p 1
  7. ^ FILM CLIPS: 'Telefon' to Link Bronson, Siegel Kilday, Gregg. Los Angeles Times 30 Aug 1976: f7.
  8. ^ a b Movies: Reacting to a Ringing Sensation in 'Telefon' Mills, Bart. Los Angeles Times 19 June 1977: n12.
  9. ^ Run silent, run deep Mills, Bart. Chicago Tribune 28 Aug 1977: h24.
  10. ^ Jeff Bridges Piling Up Credits Lee, Grant. Los Angeles Times 14 Feb 1977: d9.
  11. ^ Siegel, Don (1993). A Siegel Film. Faber & Faber. pp. 419–433. ISBN 0-571-16270-3.
  12. ^ Saarikoski, Tuula (1980). Ikonen, Ansa: Tähtiaika (in Finnish). Helsinki: Weilin+Göös. p. 19. ISBN 951-35223-1-8.
  13. ^ Canby, Vincent (December 17, 1977). "'Telefon': Spies With Ants in Pants". The New York Times. 19.
  14. ^ Murphy, Arthur D. (December 14, 1977). "Film Reviews: Telefon". Variety. 12.
  15. ^ Siskel, Gene (December 23, 1977). "'Telefon' rings true as a spy action thriller". Chicago Tribune. Section 2, p. 2.
  16. ^ Thomas, Kevin (December 16, 1977). "'Telefon' Less Than Meets the Eye". Los Angeles Times. Part IV, p. 25.
  17. ^ Arnold, Gary (December 17, 1977). "'Telefon': Dialing for Spies". The Washington Post. D7.
  18. ^ Combs, Richard (March 1978). "Telefon". The Monthly Film Bulletin. 45 (530): 55.
  19. ^ Monaco, James (1979). American Film Now. p. 285.
  20. ^ DIRECTOR SIEGEL IN RETROSPECTIVE: SIEGEL RETROSPECTIVE Desser, David; McGLYNN, DON. Los Angeles Times 26 Oct 1980: o39.
  21. ^ "Telefon". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
  22. ^ Tarantino, Quentin (22 December 2019). "Escape from Alcatraz". New Beverly Cinema.

Notes

  • Bettencourt, Scott. "Telefon" (PDF). Film Score Monthly.
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