LGBTQ rights in Mexico City: Difference between revisions
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==Legal status of homosexuality== |
==Legal status of homosexuality== |
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Homosexuality is legal in Mexico City since the country's adoption of the [[French Penal Code of 1791|Napoleonic Code]] (via the brief [[Second French intervention in Mexico|French occupation of Mexico]] (1862–67)). |
Homosexuality is legal in Mexico City since the country's adoption of the [[French Penal Code of 1791|Napoleonic Code]] (via the brief [[Second French intervention in Mexico|French occupation of Mexico]] (1862–67)). Effective in 2009, LGBT rights were legally enforced. |
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==LGBT adoption== |
==LGBT adoption== |
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Between 1995 and 2005, 126 homosexuals were murdered in Mexico City.<ref name="Homophobia">{{cite web|publisher=Human Rights Commission of Mexico City |title=Special Report on Homophobia and Hate Crimes |date=27 July 2007 |url=http://www.cdhdf.org.mx/index.php?id=pibol14707 |accessdate=2 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722230229/http://www.cdhdf.org.mx/index.php?id=pibol14707 |archivedate=22 July 2011 }}</ref> Of those, 75 percent were reclaimed by their families. In 10 percent of the cases, families identified the victim but did not reclaim their bodies (which were buried in common graves) and the remaining 5 percent were never identified.<ref name="Homophobia"/><!-- Adds up to 90 percent, not 100; unfortunately, I can't read Spanish. --> |
Between 1995 and 2005, 126 homosexuals were murdered in Mexico City.<ref name="Homophobia">{{cite web|publisher=Human Rights Commission of Mexico City |title=Special Report on Homophobia and Hate Crimes |date=27 July 2007 |url=http://www.cdhdf.org.mx/index.php?id=pibol14707 |accessdate=2 December 2009 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722230229/http://www.cdhdf.org.mx/index.php?id=pibol14707 |archivedate=22 July 2011 }}</ref> Of those, 75 percent were reclaimed by their families. In 10 percent of the cases, families identified the victim but did not reclaim their bodies (which were buried in common graves) and the remaining 5 percent were never identified.<ref name="Homophobia"/><!-- Adds up to 90 percent, not 100; unfortunately, I can't read Spanish. --> |
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Former assistant attorney for crime victims at the Federal District Attorney General's Office (PGJDF) Barbara Illan Rondero strongly criticized the lack of sensitivity and professionalism on the part of investigators in crimes committed against homosexuals and lesbians: |
2007 ratings shared that Mexico was the second-highest rated country for homophobic crimes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LGBT Rights in Mexico |url=https://www.equaldex.com/region/mexico |access-date=2023-11-14 |website=Equaldex |language=en}}</ref> Former assistant attorney for crime victims at the Federal District Attorney General's Office (PGJDF) Barbara Illan Rondero strongly criticized the lack of sensitivity and professionalism on the part of investigators in crimes committed against homosexuals and lesbians: |
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{{quote|"I still can't determine if this is due to [[negligence]], lack of preparation or down-right covering up and is a matter that has to do with the intention of not solving these crimes because they carry no weight of importance".<ref name="Homophobia"/>}} |
{{quote|"I still can't determine if this is due to [[negligence]], lack of preparation or down-right covering up and is a matter that has to do with the intention of not solving these crimes because they carry no weight of importance".<ref name="Homophobia"/>}} |
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* '''2000:''' [[Enoé Uranga]], an openly lesbian politician, proposed a bill which would have legalized [[same-sex union|same-sex civil unions]] in Mexico City. However, the local legislature decided not to adopt the bill after widespread opposition from right-wing groups. |
* '''2000:''' [[Enoé Uranga]], an openly lesbian politician, proposed a bill which would have legalized [[same-sex union|same-sex civil unions]] in Mexico City. However, the local legislature decided not to adopt the bill after widespread opposition from right-wing groups. |
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* '''2006''' (9 November): Mexico City legalized [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Mexico|same-sex civil unions]]. |
* '''2006''' (9 November): Mexico City legalized [[Recognition of same-sex unions in Mexico|same-sex civil unions]]. |
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* '''2009''' (21 December): Mexico City's [[Legislative Assembly of the Federal District|Legislative Assembly]] passed a bill legalizing [[Same-sex marriage in Mexico City|same-sex marriage]] and [[LGBT adoption|adoption by same-sex couples]]. Eight days later, [[Head of Government of the Federal District|List of heads of government of the Mexican Federal District]] (Mayor) [[Marcelo Ebrard]] signed the bill into law. |
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* '''2010''' (4 March): Same-sex marriage law becomes effective in Mexico City. |
* '''2010''' (4 March): Same-sex marriage law becomes effective in Mexico City. |
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:5 August: The [[Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation]] (the highest [[Federal government of Mexico#Judicial branch|federal court]] in the country) voted 9–2 to uphold the constitutionality of Mexico City's same-sex marriage reform. Four days later it upheld the city's adoption law. |
:5 August: The [[Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation]] (the highest [[Federal government of Mexico#Judicial branch|federal court]] in the country) voted 9–2 to uphold the constitutionality of Mexico City's same-sex marriage reform. Four days later it upheld the city's adoption law. |
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Revision as of 01:30, 14 November 2023
LGBT rights in Mexico City are considerably more progressive than the rest of Mexico. On March 4, 2010, it became the first area in Mexico to issue same-sex marriage licenses to same-sex couples.
Legal status of homosexuality
Homosexuality is legal in Mexico City since the country's adoption of the Napoleonic Code (via the brief French occupation of Mexico (1862–67)). Effective in 2009, LGBT rights were legally enforced.
LGBT adoption
Joint legal adoption by same-sex couples is legal in Mexico City since 2010.
Recognition of same-sex unions
Same-sex marriage is legal in Mexico City, having been approved by its Legislative Assembly on 21 December 2009, and signed into law by Head of Government Marcelo Ebrard on 29 December 2009.[1] The law was effective on 4 March 2010.[2]
Civil unions, known as Sociedades de Convivencia and offering some of the rights of marriage, have been legal in the city since November 2006.
Changing legal gender
Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name in Mexico City since August 29, 2008.[citation needed]
Anti-LGBT violence
Between 1995 and 2005, 126 homosexuals were murdered in Mexico City.[3] Of those, 75 percent were reclaimed by their families. In 10 percent of the cases, families identified the victim but did not reclaim their bodies (which were buried in common graves) and the remaining 5 percent were never identified.[3]
2007 ratings shared that Mexico was the second-highest rated country for homophobic crimes.[4] Former assistant attorney for crime victims at the Federal District Attorney General's Office (PGJDF) Barbara Illan Rondero strongly criticized the lack of sensitivity and professionalism on the part of investigators in crimes committed against homosexuals and lesbians:
"I still can't determine if this is due to negligence, lack of preparation or down-right covering up and is a matter that has to do with the intention of not solving these crimes because they carry no weight of importance".[3]
Alejandro Brito Lemus, director of the news supplement Letra S ("Letter S"), claimed that only four percent of gays and lesbians who suffer from discrimination present their complaints to authorities:
"In spite of the gravity of the aggressions suffered, the majority of gays, lesbians and transsexuals prefer to keep silent about what happens and to remain isolated in fear of being attacked again in revealing their sexual orientation".[3]
History of LGBT rights
- 1569: An official Inquisition (tribunal) was created in Mexico City by Philip II. Homosexuality was a prime concern and the Inquisition inflicted stiff fines, spiritual penances, public humiliations and floggings for what it deemed sexual sins.
- 1901 (20 November): Mexico City police raided an affluent drag ball, arresting 42 cross-dressed men; one was released, allegedly a close relative of President Porfirio Díaz. The resulting scandal (known as the "Dance of the 41 Maricones") received widespread press coverage.
- 1959: Mayor Ernesto Uruchurtu closed all gay bars in Mexico City under the guise of "cleaning up vice" (or reducing its visibility).
- 1979: The country's first LGBT Pride parade was held in Mexico City.
- 1999 (August): The First Meeting of Lesbians and Lesbian Feminists was held in Mexico City. From this meeting evolved an organized effort for expanded LGBT rights in the nation’s capital.
- September: Mexico City passed an ordinance banning discrimination based on sexual orientation, the first of its kind in the country.
- 2000: Enoé Uranga, an openly lesbian politician, proposed a bill which would have legalized same-sex civil unions in Mexico City. However, the local legislature decided not to adopt the bill after widespread opposition from right-wing groups.
- 2006 (9 November): Mexico City legalized same-sex civil unions.
- 2009 (21 December): Mexico City's Legislative Assembly passed a bill legalizing same-sex marriage and adoption by same-sex couples. Eight days later, List of heads of government of the Mexican Federal District (Mayor) Marcelo Ebrard signed the bill into law.
- 2010 (4 March): Same-sex marriage law becomes effective in Mexico City.
- 5 August: The Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation (the highest federal court in the country) voted 9–2 to uphold the constitutionality of Mexico City's same-sex marriage reform. Four days later it upheld the city's adoption law.
- 2020 (31 July): Conversion therapies are banned in the city.[5]
References
- ^ Mark Stevenson (Associated Press) (29 December 2009). "Mexico City enacts region's 1st gay marriage law". boston.com. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
- ^ Mónica Archundia (5 January 2010). "La primera unión gay, para marzo" (in Spanish). El Universal. Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Special Report on Homophobia and Hate Crimes". Human Rights Commission of Mexico City. 27 July 2007. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
- ^ "LGBT Rights in Mexico". Equaldex. Retrieved 2023-11-14.
- ^ Stettin, Cinthya (30 July 2020). "A partir de mañana, terapias de conversión sexual serán delito en CdMx". Milenio (in Spanish). Retrieved 31 July 2020.