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{{Short description|Cellular lining of the lymph vessels}}
{{Short description|Cellular lining of the lymph vessels}}
The '''Lymphatic Endothelium ''' refers to a specialized subset of [[endothelial cells]] located in the sinus systems of draining [[lymph nodes]]. Specifically, these [[endothelial cells]] form a semipermeable membrane in the subcapsular, cortical, and medullary sinuses of the lymph node which permits migration of multiple cell types in a regulatory fashion, contributes to a host of cellular signaling processes, and assists in orchestration of the immune response. (Jalkanen, S., Salmi, M. 2020)
The '''Lymphatic Endothelium''' refers to a specialized subset of [[endothelial cells]] located in the sinus systems of draining [[lymph nodes]]. Specifically, these endothelial cells line the branched sinus systems formed by afferent lymphatic vessels, forming a single-cell layer which functions in a variety of critical physiological processes. These lymphatic endothelial cells contribute directly to immune function and response modulation, provide transport selectivity, and demonstrate orchestration of bidirectional signaling cascades. Additionally, lymphatic endothelial cells may be implicated in downstream immune cell development as well as lymphatic [[organogenesis.]]


(Jalkanen, S., Salmi, M. 2020)
Until recently, lymphatic endothelial cells have not been characterized to their optimal potential. This system is very important in the function of continuous removal of [[interstitial fluid]] and proteins, while also having a significant function of entry for [[leukocytes]] and tumor cells. This leads to further research that is being developed on the relationship between lymphatic endothelium and metastasis of tumor cells (Pepper, M. S., & Skobe, M. 2003, October 27).The [[lymphatic capillaries]] are described to be blind ended vessels (closed on one end), and they are made up of a single non-fenestrated layer of endothelial cells; The lymph capillaries function to aid in the uptake of fluids, macromolecules, and cells. Although they are generally similar to blood capillaries, the lymph capillaries have distinct structural differences. Lymph capillaries consist of a more wide and irregular lumen, and the endothelium in lymph capillaries is much thinner as well (S. Pepper, Skobe 2003) A [[lymph]] [[capillary]] endothelial cell is distinct from other endothelial cells in that [[collagen fiber]]s are directly attached to its [[plasma membrane]].
Until recently, lymphatic endothelial cells have not been characterized to their optimal potential. This system is very important in the function of continuous removal of [[interstitial fluid]] and proteins, while also having a significant function of entry for [[leukocytes]] and tumor cells. This leads to further research that is being developed on the relationship between lymphatic endothelium and metastasis of tumor cells (Pepper, M. S., & Skobe, M. 2003, October 27).The [[lymphatic capillaries]] are described to be blind ended vessels (closed on one end), and they are made up of a single non-fenestrated layer of endothelial cells; The lymph capillaries function to aid in the uptake of fluids, macromolecules, and cells. Although they are generally similar to blood capillaries, the lymph capillaries have distinct structural differences. Lymph capillaries consist of a more wide and irregular lumen, and the endothelium in lymph capillaries is much thinner as well (S. Pepper, Skobe 2003) A [[lymph]] [[capillary]] endothelial cell is distinct from other endothelial cells in that [[collagen fiber]]s are directly attached to its [[plasma membrane]].


Revision as of 17:45, 17 November 2023

The Lymphatic Endothelium refers to a specialized subset of endothelial cells located in the sinus systems of draining lymph nodes. Specifically, these endothelial cells line the branched sinus systems formed by afferent lymphatic vessels, forming a single-cell layer which functions in a variety of critical physiological processes. These lymphatic endothelial cells contribute directly to immune function and response modulation, provide transport selectivity, and demonstrate orchestration of bidirectional signaling cascades. Additionally, lymphatic endothelial cells may be implicated in downstream immune cell development as well as lymphatic organogenesis.


(Jalkanen, S., Salmi, M. 2020) Until recently, lymphatic endothelial cells have not been characterized to their optimal potential. This system is very important in the function of continuous removal of interstitial fluid and proteins, while also having a significant function of entry for leukocytes and tumor cells. This leads to further research that is being developed on the relationship between lymphatic endothelium and metastasis of tumor cells (Pepper, M. S., & Skobe, M. 2003, October 27).The lymphatic capillaries are described to be blind ended vessels (closed on one end), and they are made up of a single non-fenestrated layer of endothelial cells; The lymph capillaries function to aid in the uptake of fluids, macromolecules, and cells. Although they are generally similar to blood capillaries, the lymph capillaries have distinct structural differences. Lymph capillaries consist of a more wide and irregular lumen, and the endothelium in lymph capillaries is much thinner as well (S. Pepper, Skobe 2003) A lymph capillary endothelial cell is distinct from other endothelial cells in that collagen fibers are directly attached to its plasma membrane.

Although lymphatics were first described by Hippocrates in 400BC and rediscovered as "milky veins in the gut of a well fed dog" in the 17th century by Gasparo Aselli, they were ignored for centuries until in 1937 Howard Florey showed that lymphatics enlarge in inflammation. At this stage vascular and lymphatic endothelia were seen to be morphologically distinct and lymphatic vessels considered less important. Later it was discovered that VEGF-R3 and VEGF-C/VEGF-D were the key growth factors controlling lymphatic endothelial proliferation. Markers of lymphatic endolthelium were not discovered until relatively recently. These being LYVE-1 (Jackson et al., 1999)[1] and podoplanin (Kerjaschki, 1999).[2]

See also

Lymphatic System Lymph Node Lymph Immune System Endothelium

References

  1. ^ Banerji, Suneale; Ni, Jian; Wang, Shu-Xia; Clasper, Steven; Su, Jeffrey; Tammi, Raija; Jones, Margaret; Jackson, David G. (1999). "LYVE-1, a new homologue of the CD44 glycoprotein, is a lymph-specific receptor for hyaluronan 1". The Journal of Cell Biology. 144 (4): 789–801. doi:10.1083/jcb.144.4.789. PMC 2132933. PMID 10037799.
  2. ^ Breiteneder-Geleff, Silvana; Soleiman, Afschin; Kowalski, Heinrich; Horvat, Reinhard; Amann, Gabriele; Kriehuber, Ernst; Diem, Katja; Weninger, Wolfgang; Tschachler, Erwin; Alitalo, Kari; Kerjaschki, Dontscho (1999). "Angiosarcomas express mixed endothelial phenotypes of blood and lymphatic capillaries: podoplanin as a specific marker for lymphatic andothelium". American Journal of Pathology. 154 (2): 385–394. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65285-6. PMC 1849992. PMID 10027397.

3. Jalkanen, S., Salmi, M. Lymphatic endothelial cells of the lymph node. Nat Rev Immunol 20, 566–578 (2020)

4. Pepper MS, Skobe M. Lymphatic endothelium: morphological, molecular and 

Functional properties. J Cell Biol. 2003 Oct 27;163(2):209-13. doi:    10.1083/jcb.200308082. PMID: 14581448; PMCID: PMC2173536.

Further reading


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