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'''''Epitrepontes''''' (translated as ''The Arbitration'' or ''The Litigants'') is an [[Ancient Greek comedy]], written c. 300 BCE by [[Menander]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Reading 5: Greek New Comedy |last=Damen |first=Mark }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Gardner |first=Hunter H. |date=2013 |title=Ventriloquizing Rape in Menander's Epitrepontes |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/76/article/534263 |journal=Helios |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=121–143 |doi=10.1353/hel.2013.0008 |issn=1935-0228}}</ref> Only fragments of the play have been found, primarily on papyrus, yet it is one of Menander's best-preserved plays.<ref name=":1" />
'''''Epitrepontes''''' (translated as ''The Arbitration'' or ''The Litigants'') is an [[Ancient Greek comedy]], written c. 300 BCE by [[Menander]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Reading 5: Greek New Comedy |last=Damen |first=Mark }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Gardner |first=Hunter H. |date=2013 |title=Ventriloquizing Rape in Menander's Epitrepontes |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/76/article/534263 |journal=Helios |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=121–143 |doi=10.1353/hel.2013.0008 |issn=1935-0228}}</ref> Only fragments of the play have been found, primarily on papyrus, yet it is one of Menander's best-preserved plays.<ref name=":1" />


Fragments of it were found in 1907, alongside ''[[Perikeiromene]]'' and ''[[Samia (play)|Samia]]'' in the ''[[Cairo Codex]]''.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |title=The Plays and Fragments |date=8 May 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-954073-0 |page=xxxi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8AnZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Easterling |first1=P. E. |last2=Knox |first2=Bernard M. W. |title=The Cambridge History of Classical Literature: Volume 1, Greek Literature, Part 2, Greek Drama |date=1989 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-35982-5 |page=163 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLxohQGubTcC&pg=PA163}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=William |title=1997.10.07, Menander, Vol. 2. Pp. x + 501. Loeb Classical Library 459. – Bryn Mawr Classical Review |url=https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/1997/1997.10.07/ |website=Bryn Mawr Classical Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Römer |first=Cornelia |date=2012 |title=New Fragments of Act IV, "Epitrepontes" 786—823 Sandbach (P. Mich. 4752 a, b and c) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23849834 |journal=Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik |volume=182 |pages=112–120 |jstor=23849834 |issn=0084-5388}}</ref> Additional fragments of the play have been found since its initial discovery. In 2012, the ''Michigan Papyrus'' was published, giving better readings to Acts 3 and 4 of the play.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sommerstein |first1=Alan |title= From Mount Sinai to Michigan: the rediscovery of Menander's Epitrepontes (part 4) |url=https://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/ancientdrama/2012/12/06/from-mount-sinai-to-michigan-the-rediscovery-of-menanders-epitrepontes-part-4/|website=University of Nottingham}}</ref>
Fragments of it were found in 1907, alongside ''[[Perikeiromene]]'' and ''[[Samia (play)|Samia]]'' in the ''[[Cairo Codex]]''.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |title=The Plays and Fragments |date=8 May 2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-954073-0 |page=xxxi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8AnZDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR31}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Easterling |first1=P. E. |last2=Knox |first2=Bernard M. W. |title=The Cambridge History of Classical Literature: Volume 1, Greek Literature, Part 2, Greek Drama |date=1989 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-35982-5 |page=163 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLxohQGubTcC&pg=PA163}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Anderson |first1=William |title=1997.10.07, Menander, Vol. 2. Pp. x + 501. Loeb Classical Library 459. – Bryn Mawr Classical Review |url=https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/1997/1997.10.07/ |website=Bryn Mawr Classical Review}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Römer |first=Cornelia |date=2012 |title=New Fragments of Act IV, "Epitrepontes" 786—823 Sandbach (P. Mich. 4752 a, b and c) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23849834 |journal=Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik |volume=182 |pages=112–120 |jstor=23849834 |issn=0084-5388}}</ref> Additional fragments of the play have been found since its initial discovery. In 2012, the ''Michigan Papyrus'' was published, giving better readings to Acts 3 and 4 of the play.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sommerstein |first1=Alan |title= From Mount Sinai to Michigan: the rediscovery of Menander's Epitrepontes (part 4) |url=https://blogs.nottingham.ac.uk/ancientdrama/2012/12/06/from-mount-sinai-to-michigan-the-rediscovery-of-menanders-epitrepontes-part-4/|website=University of Nottingham}}</ref>
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==Plot==
==Plot==
{{expand-section|date=January 2019}}
{{More plot|date=January 2019}}


⚫
Pamphile, a young Athenian woman, gives birth to a child only five months after her wedding to her husband Charisios. In shame and fear for her marriage and familial reputation, she has her servant abandon the baby (as was an accepted practice in contemporaneous Greek society), along with tokens in the form of jewels, to aid the baby's future identification. At the time of the birth, Charisios was away on a business trip, and would not have known that a child was born at all, if not for his slave, Onesimos, telling him of seeing the child being abandoned.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=THE PLOT of EPITREPONTES {{!}} Dickinson College Commentaries |url=https://dcc.dickinson.edu/menander-epitrepontes/intro/plot |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=dcc.dickinson.edu}}</ref>

⚫
Pamphile, a young Athenian woman, gives birth to a child only five months after her wedding to her husband Charisios. In shame and fear for her marriage and familial reputation, she has her servant abandon the baby (as was an accepted practice in contemporaneous Greek society), along with tokens in the form of jewels, to aid the baby's future identification. At the time of the birth, Charisios was away on a business trip, and would not have known that a child was born at all, if not for his slave, Onesimos, telling him of seeing the child being abandoned.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=THE PLOT of EPITREPONTES {{!}} Dickinson College Commentaries |url=https://dcc.dickinson.edu/menander-epitrepontes/intro/plot |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=dcc.dickinson.edu}}</ref>


Charisios suspects Pamphile of infidelity, and leaves her. He moves in with a neighbour, Chairestratos, and begins to spend money, including Pamphile's dowry, on drinking and carousing (including taking up with a [[Hetaira|hetaera]] named Habrotonon).<ref name=":3" /> Furious that Chairos is wasting Pamphile's dowry, her father, Smikrines, demands she divorce Charisios. Pamilphile loyally refuses.<ref name=":2" />
Charisios suspects Pamphile of infidelity, and leaves her. He moves in with a neighbour, Chairestratos, and begins to spend money, including Pamphile's dowry, on drinking and carousing (including taking up with a [[Hetaira|hetaera]] named Habrotonon).<ref name=":3" /> Furious that Chairos is wasting Pamphile's dowry, her father, Smikrines, demands she divorce Charisios. Pamilphile loyally refuses.<ref name=":2" />
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Plays by Menander]]
[[Category:Plays by Menander]]
[[Category:Plays set in ancient Greece]]
[[Category:Plays set in ancient Greece]]



{{play-stub}}
{{play-stub}}

Revision as of 21:11, 20 November 2023

Epitrepontes
Written byMenander
CharactersCharisios, Pamphile

Epitrepontes (translated as The Arbitration or The Litigants) is an Ancient Greek comedy, written c. 300 BCE by Menander.[1][2] Only fragments of the play have been found, primarily on papyrus, yet it is one of Menander's best-preserved plays.[3]

Fragments of it were found in 1907, alongside Perikeiromene and Samia in the Cairo Codex.[3][4][5][6] Additional fragments of the play have been found since its initial discovery. In 2012, the Michigan Papyrus was published, giving better readings to Acts 3 and 4 of the play.[7]

Epitrepontes (Greek: "arbitration") features a conflict - and attempts to resolve that conflict - between two Athenian households, as well as depicting conflicts in a marriage.[8] The play's most famous incident features a comical scene of legal arbitration. Two parties want the court to decide who should take ownership of goods found alongside an abandoned baby. The play gradually reveals the baby's history, and the identity of its parents, in the process of a complex exploration of marriage and family.[8] The play also features sexual assault.[9][2]

Plot

Pamphile, a young Athenian woman, gives birth to a child only five months after her wedding to her husband Charisios. In shame and fear for her marriage and familial reputation, she has her servant abandon the baby (as was an accepted practice in contemporaneous Greek society), along with tokens in the form of jewels, to aid the baby's future identification. At the time of the birth, Charisios was away on a business trip, and would not have known that a child was born at all, if not for his slave, Onesimos, telling him of seeing the child being abandoned.[10]

Charisios suspects Pamphile of infidelity, and leaves her. He moves in with a neighbour, Chairestratos, and begins to spend money, including Pamphile's dowry, on drinking and carousing (including taking up with a hetaera named Habrotonon).[10] Furious that Chairos is wasting Pamphile's dowry, her father, Smikrines, demands she divorce Charisios. Pamilphile loyally refuses.[8]

References

  1. ^ Damen, Mark. Reading 5: Greek New Comedy.
  2. ^ a b Gardner, Hunter H. (2013). "Ventriloquizing Rape in Menander's Epitrepontes". Helios. 39 (2): 121–143. doi:10.1353/hel.2013.0008. ISSN 1935-0228.
  3. ^ a b The Plays and Fragments. Oxford University Press. 8 May 2008. p. xxxi. ISBN 978-0-19-954073-0.
  4. ^ Easterling, P. E.; Knox, Bernard M. W. (1989). The Cambridge History of Classical Literature: Volume 1, Greek Literature, Part 2, Greek Drama. Cambridge University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-521-35982-5.
  5. ^ Anderson, William. "1997.10.07, Menander, Vol. 2. Pp. x + 501. Loeb Classical Library 459. – Bryn Mawr Classical Review". Bryn Mawr Classical Review.
  6. ^ Römer, Cornelia (2012). "New Fragments of Act IV, "Epitrepontes" 786—823 Sandbach (P. Mich. 4752 a, b and c)". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 182: 112–120. ISSN 0084-5388. JSTOR 23849834.
  7. ^ Sommerstein, Alan. "From Mount Sinai to Michigan: the rediscovery of Menander's Epitrepontes (part 4)". University of Nottingham.
  8. ^ a b c Furley, William (2021-06-03). New Fragments of Menander's 'Epitrepontes'. ISBN 978-1-914477-40-9.
  9. ^ "310: Reading 5: Menander's Epitrepontes, Classical Drama and Theatre". www.usu.edu. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
  10. ^ a b "THE PLOT of EPITREPONTES | Dickinson College Commentaries". dcc.dickinson.edu. Retrieved 2023-02-09.


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