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Coordinates: 12°31′07″N 70°02′09″W / 12.51861°N 70.03583°W / 12.51861; -70.03583
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{{Weather box
{{Weather box
| location = Oranjestad, Aruba (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1951–2020)
| location = Oranjestad, Aruba (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1951–2020)
| metric first=Yes
| metric first = Yes
| single line = yes
| single line = yes
| width = auto
| width = auto
|Jan record high C = 32.5
| Jan record high C = 32.5
|Feb record high C = 33.0
| Feb record high C = 33.0
|Mar record high C = 33.9
| Mar record high C = 33.9
|Apr record high C = 34.4
| Apr record high C = 34.4
|May record high C = 34.9
| May record high C = 34.9
|Jun record high C = 35.2
| Jun record high C = 35.2
|Jul record high C = 35.3
| Jul record high C = 35.3
|Aug record high C = 36.1
| Aug record high C = 36.1
|Sep record high C = 36.5
| Sep record high C = 36.5
|Oct record high C = 35.4
| Oct record high C = 35.4
|Nov record high C = 35.0
| Nov record high C = 35.0
|Dec record high C = 34.8
| Dec record high C = 34.8
|year record high C = 36.5
| year record high C = 36.5
|Jan high C = 30.3
| Jan high C = 30.3
|Feb high C = 30.6
| Feb high C = 30.6
|Mar high C = 31.1
| Mar high C = 31.1
|Apr high C = 31.9
| Apr high C = 31.9
|May high C = 32.0
| May high C = 32.0
|Jun high C = 32.5
| Jun high C = 32.5
|Jul high C = 32.4
| Jul high C = 32.4
|Aug high C = 33.2
| Aug high C = 33.2
|Sep high C = 33.2
| Sep high C = 33.2
|Oct high C = 32.4
| Oct high C = 32.4
|Nov high C = 31.5
| Nov high C = 31.5
|Dec high C = 30.7
| Dec high C = 30.7
|year high C = 31.8
| year high C = 31.8
|Jan mean C = 27.0
| Jan mean C = 27.0
|Feb mean C = 27.1
| Feb mean C = 27.1
|Mar mean C = 27.4
| Mar mean C = 27.4
|Apr mean C = 28.2
| Apr mean C = 28.2
|May mean C = 28.7
| May mean C = 28.7
|Jun mean C = 29.0
| Jun mean C = 29.0
|Jul mean C = 28.9
| Jul mean C = 28.9
|Aug mean C = 29.5
| Aug mean C = 29.5
|Sep mean C = 29.6
| Sep mean C = 29.6
|Oct mean C = 29.1
| Oct mean C = 29.1
|Nov mean C = 28.4
| Nov mean C = 28.4
|Dec mean C = 27.5
| Dec mean C = 27.5
|year mean C = 28.4
| year mean C = 28.4
|Jan low C = 24.8
| Jan low C = 24.8
|Feb low C = 24.8
| Feb low C = 24.8
|Mar low C = 25.3
| Mar low C = 25.3
|Apr low C = 26.0
| Apr low C = 26.0
|May low C = 26.7
| May low C = 26.7
|Jun low C = 26.9
| Jun low C = 26.9
|Jul low C = 26.7
| Jul low C = 26.7
|Aug low C = 27.2
| Aug low C = 27.2
|Sep low C = 27.3
| Sep low C = 27.3
|Oct low C = 26.7
| Oct low C = 26.7
|Nov low C = 26.0
| Nov low C = 26.0
|Dec low C = 25.3
| Dec low C = 25.3
|year low C = 26.1
| year low C = 26.1
|Jan record low C = 19.0
| Jan record low C = 19.0
|Feb record low C = 20.6
| Feb record low C = 20.6
|Mar record low C = 21.2
| Mar record low C = 21.2
|Apr record low C = 21.5
| Apr record low C = 21.5
|May record low C = 21.8
| May record low C = 21.8
|Jun record low C = 22.7
| Jun record low C = 22.7
|Jul record low C = 21.2
| Jul record low C = 21.2
|Aug record low C = 21.3
| Aug record low C = 21.3
|Sep record low C = 22.1
| Sep record low C = 22.1
|Oct record low C = 21.9
| Oct record low C = 21.9
|Nov record low C = 22.0
| Nov record low C = 22.0
|Dec record low C = 20.5
| Dec record low C = 20.5
|year record low C = 19.0
| year record low C = 19.0
|rain colour = green
| rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 44.0
| Jan rain mm = 44.0
|Feb rain mm = 19.5
| Feb rain mm = 19.5
|Mar rain mm = 10.0
| Mar rain mm = 10.0
|Apr rain mm = 8.6
| Apr rain mm = 8.6
|May rain mm = 14.1
| May rain mm = 14.1
|Jun rain mm = 17.4
| Jun rain mm = 17.4
|Jul rain mm = 19.6
| Jul rain mm = 19.6
|Aug rain mm = 31.4
| Aug rain mm = 31.4
|Sep rain mm = 42.9
| Sep rain mm = 42.9
|Oct rain mm = 76.5
| Oct rain mm = 76.5
|Nov rain mm = 87.1
| Nov rain mm = 87.1
|Dec rain mm = 80.1
| Dec rain mm = 80.1
|year rain mm = 451.1
| year rain mm = 451.1
|Jan humidity = 77.8
| Jan humidity = 77.8
|Feb humidity = 76.2
| Feb humidity = 76.2
|Mar humidity = 75.9
| Mar humidity = 75.9
|Apr humidity = 76.9
| Apr humidity = 76.9
|May humidity = 77.9
| May humidity = 77.9
|Jun humidity = 77.4
| Jun humidity = 77.4
|Jul humidity = 77.8
| Jul humidity = 77.8
|Aug humidity = 75.6
| Aug humidity = 75.6
|Sep humidity = 76.2
| Sep humidity = 76.2
|Oct humidity = 77.9
| Oct humidity = 77.9
|Nov humidity = 78.8
| Nov humidity = 78.8
|Dec humidity = 77.9
| Dec humidity = 77.9
|year humidity = 77.2
| year humidity = 77.2
|unit rain days = 1.0 mm
| unit rain days = 1.0 mm
|Jan rain days = 10.8
| Jan rain days = 10.8
|Feb rain days = 4.5
| Feb rain days = 4.5
|Mar rain days = 2.0
| Mar rain days = 2.0
|Apr rain days = 1.5
| Apr rain days = 1.5
|May rain days = 1.7
| May rain days = 1.7
|Jun rain days = 2.8
| Jun rain days = 2.8
|Jul rain days = 4.1
| Jul rain days = 4.1
|Aug rain days = 3.1
| Aug rain days = 3.1
|Sep rain days = 3.3
| Sep rain days = 3.3
|Oct rain days = 7.3
| Oct rain days = 7.3
|Nov rain days = 9.6
| Nov rain days = 9.6
|Dec rain days = 11.0
| Dec rain days = 11.0
|year rain days = 61.7
| year rain days = 61.7
|source 1 = Departamento Meteorologico Aruba<ref name=normals>{{cite web
| source 1 = Departamento Meteorologico Aruba<ref name=normals>{{cite web
| url = http://www.meteo.aw/files/Download/climatnormals19912020.pdf
| url = http://www.meteo.aw/files/Download/climatnormals19912020.pdf
| publisher = Departamento Meteorologico Aruba
| publisher = Departamento Meteorologico Aruba
Line 251: Line 251:
| access-date= 14 February 2021
| access-date= 14 February 2021
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
| date=February 2011
| date = February 2011
| source =
| collapsed = yes
}}
}}


Revision as of 12:43, 23 November 2023

Oranjestad
Capital city
Clockwise: Townhall, I Love Aruba sign, Royal Plaza, Plaza Simon Bolivar, Plaza Betico Croes, Tram in center of the town, Census Building, Plaza Daniel Leo, Willem III tower. Center clockwise: Wilhelmina Park, Archeological Museum, Ecury House, Protestant church, Aruban Courthouse, San Francisco church
Clockwise: Townhall, I Love Aruba sign, Royal Plaza, Plaza Simon Bolivar, Plaza Betico Croes, Tram in center of the town, Census Building, Plaza Daniel Leo, Willem III tower.
Center clockwise: Wilhelmina Park, Archeological Museum, Ecury House, Protestant church, Aruban Courthouse, San Francisco church
Etymology: Orange Town
Nickname: 
Playa
Motto: 
One Happy Island
Map
Coordinates: 12°31′07″N 70°02′09″W / 12.51861°N 70.03583°W / 12.51861; -70.03583
Sovereign state Kingdom of the Netherlands
Country Aruba
DistrictOranjestad-West and Oranjestad-East
Area
 • Total
23 km2 (9 sq mi)
Elevation
4 m (13 ft)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total
28,658
 • Rank1st
 • Density2,522/km2 (6,530/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-4 (AST)
ClimateBSh

Oranjestad (UK: /ɒˈrænjəstɑːt/ orr-AN-yə-staht,[2] US: /ɔːˈrɑːn-, oʊˈrɑːn-/ or-AHN-, oh-RAHN-,[3][4] Dutch: [oːˈrɑɲəstɑt]; literally "Orange City"), the capital and most populous of Aruba's eight regions, is located on the southwestern coast of the island. In Papiamento, the local language, Oranjestad is commonly referred to as "Playa" by the locals.[5]

Administratively, the Oranjestad is divided into two districts: East and West.[6] In 2010, the capital had a population of 28,294, and by 2020, it had grown to 28,658.[1]

History

Since 1754, European settlers established modest plantations along Aruba's south coast and the flat northwestern region, leading to the emergence of the first residential centers.[7][8] In the early 20th century, the island was divided into four "districts": the first district, Playa, the second with Noord, the third with Santa Cruz, and the fourth with Sabaneta (Savaneta).[9] By 1795, as Aruba opened up and trade restrictions eased, urban development commenced. Traders and craftsmen subsequently migrated to the village by the bay.[10]

Jewish settlers in Aruba, likely driven by the economic decline in Curaçao, engaged in smuggling discreetly. Fluent in Spanish, they leveraged their connections with the mainland via the predominantly Jewish-controlled Curaçao trade (see History of the Jews in Curaçao). The Sephardim, facing economic challenges, established independent trading colonies in the Caribbean around 1796, maintaining close links with Curaçao in trade, religion, and marriage.[11] Smuggling played a pivotal role in Jews choosing Aruba as their settlement.[12] Opting for Paardenbaai ("Bay of Horses") as a trading hub, rather than Commandeursbaai ("Commander's bay"), was influenced by its better ship accessibility and the ongoing prohibition of trade and settlement at Commandeursbaai.

They exported local products like cattle, sheep, poultry, brazilwood, and gold after 1824. However, the primary trade involved importing goods from Curaçao, which were then smuggled ashore using small vessels along the Venezuelan coast, in Coro, and nearby areas.[13] Imports encompassed items such as food, clothing, tools, and more. Additionally, red slaves were transported from the mainland.[14]

Illegal trade from Paardenbaai spurred the growth of Playa village. The command's relocation played a key role in this development. Although the exact date of the commander's move to Playa is unknown, Fort Zoutman was erected in 1798, marking a significant period when traders shifted from Ponton to Paardenbaai. Following the commander's arrival, milestones in the village's early history included the construction of the first Catholic church, between 1800 and 1810 and the arrival of the initial Protestant religious instructor, Klaas van Eekhout, in 1822 were milestones in the early history of the village.[15] During a governor's visit in 1824, it was named Oranjestad after William I of the Netherlands.[16]

Aruba 1815 depicts Paardenbaai harbour and village at the bay.

In 1805, Paardenbaai had 32 houses, which increased to 185 by 1824 and 196 by 1832. The village was described in 1837 as "of great size but so irregularly built that it resembles more a heap of scattered houses than anything that can be called a city". In 1860, approximately 1,000 out of Aruba's 2,849 inhabitants resided in the capital.[17]

In the northwest, the Ranchoe (or Rancho) area formed a distinct neighborhood where the majority of the island's fishing population resided.[9] In 1837, the Socotoro, a governmental plantation, cultivated cochineal known for its red dye, and by 1845 Socotoro was allocated for aloe cultivation.[18]

The establishment of the Lago Oil and Transport Company and Arend Petroleum Company, oil refineries, not only led to a population increase but also brought about a significant increase in prosperity for Oranjestad and Aruba as a whole.[19]

Culture

Dutch Colonial architecture in 2004
The New Protestant Church in 2004

There is some Dutch Colonial architecture. Due to increased government interest in maintaining the island's cultural heritage, a number of old buildings and houses in the center of town have been transformed into colorfully restored landmarks, such as the lime-colored City Hall on Wilhelminastraat.[20]

Sports

Oranjestad is home to the football teams SV Dakota, SV Racing Club Aruba, and SV River Plate Aruba, all of which play in the top Aruban Division di Honor.

Economy

Air Aruba once had its headquarters in Oranjestad.[21] Air Aruba suspended its operations on 23 October 2000.[22]

Tiara Air has had its head office in Oranjestad since 2006, except between 2014 and 2016 when the company suspended services due to the Venezuelan Airline Crisis.[23]

Tourism

Several modern recreations have emerged, including the outdoor shopping mall at Royal Plaza, and a few scattered buildings along Main Street and on the Main Square.

Fort Zoutman is one of the town's attractions, others being the tax-free harbour and the Willem III Tower, located near the fort.

There are about eight museums on the island.

Renaissance Island

The touristically named Renaissance Island (formerly Sonesta Island)[24] is a 40-acre (16 ha) cay (or barrier reef) island, officially known as the Bucuti Rif[25][26] and it is off the coast near Oranjestad. It is privately owned and has the only private beaches on Aruba.[27] There are two beaches: Iguana Beach and Flamingo Beach. A Beechcraft 18 and a Convair 400 were both deliberately sunk about 50 yards (46 m) offshore to create a diving site.[28] Flamingoes can be seen on the island.[29] However, they are not native to Aruba.[30]

Geography

Small portions of the city are formed from a series of man-made expansions of land into the sea. Present-day Renaissance Marketplace (formerly Seaport Marketplace), as well as the adjacent Queen Wilhelmina Park, lies within this land reclamation. The Oranjestad Reef Islands Important Bird Area lies adjacent to the main harbour.

Climate

Oranjestad has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh). Temperatures are high year-round, the air is humid with low diurnal temperature variation also year-round, whilst rainfall is very low due to the region lying in a zone of divergence between the southeast trade winds to the south and the North American Monsoon further north. The exception to this aridity occurs during the short rainy season from September to January when the southward retreat of the Intertropical Convergence Zone generates more frequent moist northeasterly winds.

Climate data for Oranjestad, Aruba (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1951–2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.5
(90.5) 		33.0
(91.4) 		33.9
(93.0) 		34.4
(93.9) 		34.9
(94.8) 		35.2
(95.4) 		35.3
(95.5) 		36.1
(97.0) 		36.5
(97.7) 		35.4
(95.7) 		35.0
(95.0) 		34.8
(94.6) 		36.5
(97.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 30.3
(86.5) 		30.6
(87.1) 		31.1
(88.0) 		31.9
(89.4) 		32.0
(89.6) 		32.5
(90.5) 		32.4
(90.3) 		33.2
(91.8) 		33.2
(91.8) 		32.4
(90.3) 		31.5
(88.7) 		30.7
(87.3) 		31.8
(89.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 27.0
(80.6) 		27.1
(80.8) 		27.4
(81.3) 		28.2
(82.8) 		28.7
(83.7) 		29.0
(84.2) 		28.9
(84.0) 		29.5
(85.1) 		29.6
(85.3) 		29.1
(84.4) 		28.4
(83.1) 		27.5
(81.5) 		28.4
(83.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 24.8
(76.6) 		24.8
(76.6) 		25.3
(77.5) 		26.0
(78.8) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.7
(80.1) 		27.2
(81.0) 		27.3
(81.1) 		26.7
(80.1) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.3
(77.5) 		26.1
(79.0)
Record low °C (°F) 19.0
(66.2) 		20.6
(69.1) 		21.2
(70.2) 		21.5
(70.7) 		21.8
(71.2) 		22.7
(72.9) 		21.2
(70.2) 		21.3
(70.3) 		22.1
(71.8) 		21.9
(71.4) 		22.0
(71.6) 		20.5
(68.9) 		19.0
(66.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 44.0
(1.73) 		19.5
(0.77) 		10.0
(0.39) 		8.6
(0.34) 		14.1
(0.56) 		17.4
(0.69) 		19.6
(0.77) 		31.4
(1.24) 		42.9
(1.69) 		76.5
(3.01) 		87.1
(3.43) 		80.1
(3.15) 		451.1
(17.76)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.8 4.5 2.0 1.5 1.7 2.8 4.1 3.1 3.3 7.3 9.6 11.0 61.7
Average relative humidity (%) 77.8 76.2 75.9 76.9 77.9 77.4 77.8 75.6 76.2 77.9 78.8 77.9 77.2
Source: Departamento Meteorologico Aruba[31][32][33][34]

Transport

The MV Celebrity Mercury docked in 2006
Hospital in 2003

Oranjestad is served by the Queen Beatrix International Airport, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) from the city center. Its downtown is served by a tramway line inaugurated in December 2012.[35][36]

Caya G. F. Betico Croes, also called Main Street, is Aruba's main shopping street in Oranjestad, however in the past few years shoppers have increasingly turned to Lloyd G. Smith Boulevard, the main thoroughfare in the city. This is in part because the boulevard is closer to the cruise ship terminal and harbour area.

Oranjestad is home to Paardenbaai, the largest port on the island for passengers. Paardenbaai is capable of docking up to five large vessels.[37] A port for cargo vessels is at Barcadera 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) to the east. In 2016, Barcadera became the main cargo port.[38] Plans have been proposed to increase loading capacity at Oranjestad, and for the construction of a marina to make up for inadequate docking space available for yachts and fishing boats.

Traffic in the center of town is a growing issue for island commuters. The government is under pressure[citation needed] to make improvements to the periphery, which runs around the city. In late 2006 planning began for the installment of a roundabout, along the main boulevard and next to the Free Zone, at one of the island's most troublesome intersections.[citation needed] The plans were completed in 2008. In the meantime, several businesses and government departments have relocated their offices outside of the city centre, spurring a boom in construction and modernisation.[citation needed]

Education

Oranjestad is home to the University of Aruba, which offers programs in law and economics, and to the island's largest secondary school (Colegio Arubano), both modeled on the Dutch system. Many students enroll in universities in the Netherlands for graduate and postgraduate degrees.

Notable people

See also

Sources

  • Alofs, Luc; Merkies, Leontine (2001). Ken ta Arubiano?: sociale integratie en natievorming op Aruba, 1924-2001 [Who is Aruban?: Social Integration and Nation Formation on Aruba, 1924-2001] (in Dutch). Oranjestad: VAD/De Wit Stores.
  • Benjamins, Herman Daniël; Snelleman, Johannes (1917). Encyclopaedie van Nederlandsch West-Indië (in Dutch). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Aruba.
  • Bosch, Gerardus Balthasar (1836). Reizen in West-Indië, en door een gedeelte van Zuid-en Noord-Amerika [Travels in the West Indies, and through a portion of South and North America] (in Dutch). Vol. 2. Utrecht: L.E. Bosch.
  • Hartog, Johan (1980). Aruba: zoals het was, zoals het werd: van de tijd der Indianen tot op heden [Aruba: As it was, as it became: From the time of the Indians to the present] (in Dutch). Aruba: Van Dorp.
  • Karner, Frances P. (1969). The Sephardics of Curaçao: A study of socio-cultural patterns in flux. Assen, Netherlands: Van Gorcum & Comp N.V.
  • Lennep Coster, G. van (1842). "Het eiland Aruba". Aanteekeningen, gehouden gedurende mijn verblijf in de West-Indiën, in de jaren 1837-1840 [Notes kept during my stay in the West Indies, in the years 1837-1840] (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Schleijer. pp. 90–105.
  • Nooyen, R.H. (1965). Millefiori di Aruba [Millefiori of Aruba] (in Papiamento). Oranjestad, Aruba: Publica cu cooperacion di Stichting Aruba Nostra.

References

  1. ^ a b "Aruba". City Population. 1 October 2020. Oranjestad Oost / West. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  2. ^ "Oranjestad". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020.
  3. ^ "Oranjestad". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Oranjestad". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 10 August 2019.
  5. ^ Nooyen 1965, p. 26.
  6. ^ Aruba Central Bureau of Statistics (29 September 2010). Fifth Population and Housing Census, 2010: Selected Tables (PDF) (Report). p. 75-76. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  7. ^ Hartog 1980, p. 72.
  8. ^ Nooyen 1965, p. 27.
  9. ^ a b Benjamins & Snelleman 1917, p. 59.
  10. ^ Alofs & Markies 2001, p. 17.
  11. ^ Karner 1969, p. 30.
  12. ^ Nooyen 1965, p. 30.
  13. ^ Lennep Coster 1842.
  14. ^ Alfofs 2001, pp. 21–22.
  15. ^ DBNL (1911). "Geschiedenis der Protest. Kerk op Aruba., Neerlandia. Jaargang 15". DBNL (in Dutch). Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  16. ^ Bosch 1836, pp. 34–38.
  17. ^ Hartog 1980, p. 480.
  18. ^ Hartog 1980, pp. 159–166.
  19. ^ "Lago and Eagle: the oil industry on Aruba". Historia di Aruba. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  20. ^ "Eloy Arens House (City Hall)". Monumenten Fonds Aruba. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  21. ^ World Airline Directory. Flight International. March 17–23, 1999. "46.
  22. ^ Overview. Air Aruba. March 2, 2001. Retrieved on October 6, 2009.
  23. ^ "Contact." Tiara Air. March 2, 2009. Retrieved on March 23, 2014. "Sabana Blanco 70E, Suite 11 Oranjestad Aruba "
  24. ^ "Sonesta Island". Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  25. ^ "Harbour Map and Navigational Chart. From Netherlands Government chart, 1977". Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  26. ^ "Navigation Waypoints referencing to "Bucuti Island"". Retrieved 4 March 2020.
  27. ^ "Renaissance Aruba Resort & Casino". Retrieved 20 August 2014.
  28. ^ Huber, Joyce (2011). Best Dives of Aruba, Bonaire & Curaçao. Hunter Publishing, Inc. ISBN 9781588437495.
  29. ^ Suri, Charu. "Where to see Flamingos in Aruba". Retrieved 20 August 2014.
  30. ^ "Everything You Need To Know About Flamingo Beach Aruba". 1 July 2017.
  31. ^ "Summary Climatological Normals Period 1991–2020" (PDF). Departamento Meteorologico Aruba. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 February 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  32. ^ "Summary Climatological Normals Period 1951–1980" (PDF). Departamento Meteorologico Aruba. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  33. ^ "Summary Climatological Normals Period 1971–2000" (PDF). Departamento Meteorologico Aruba. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  34. ^ "Summary Climatological Normals Period 1981–2010" (PDF). Departamento Meteorologico Aruba. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
  35. ^ "THE BATTERY TRAMS OF ARUBA". www.tramz.com.
  36. ^ "The Streetcars of Oranjestad". www.tramz.com.
  37. ^ "Oranjestad". Aruba Ports. Retrieved 2 May 2021.
  38. ^ "Nieuwe haven Barcadera op Aruba officieel in gebruik genomen". Navingo Career. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  39. ^ "Arubaanse Vince Irie door naar de live show van The voice of Holland". Aruba Huis (in Dutch). Retrieved 28 April 2021.
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