User:Jmarsh36/Cabled observatory: Difference between revisions
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== On-board sensors == |
== On-board sensors == |
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Cabled observatories have the benefit of high-power cable connections that can support a variety of instrumentation at any time. Such instrumentation can include cameras and microphones that can take high-definition audio and video, |
Cabled observatories have the benefit of high-power cable connections that can support a variety of [[Scientific instrument|instrumentation]] at any time. Such instrumentation can include cameras and microphones that can take high-definition audio and video, standard sensors that measure pressure, temperature, oxygen content, [[Conductivity (electrolytic)|conductivity]], [[turbidity]], and [[Chlorophyll fluorescence|chlorophyll-a fluorescence]], and custom sensors for specialized purposes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Mirimin |first=Luca |last2=Desmet |first2=Sam |last3=Romero |first3=David López |last4=Fernandez |first4=Sara Fernandez |last5=Miller |first5=Dulaney L. |last6=Mynott |first6=Sebastian |last7=Brincau |first7=Alejandro Gonzalez |last8=Stefanni |first8=Sergio |last9=Berry |first9=Alan |last10=Gaughan |first10=Paul |last11=Aguzzi |first11=Jacopo |date=2021-06-15 |title=Don't catch me if you can – Using cabled observatories as multidisciplinary platforms for marine fish community monitoring: An in situ case study combining Underwater Video and environmental DNA data |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969721004186 |journal=Science of The Total Environment |volume=773 |pages=145351 |doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145351 |issn=0048-9697}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> Over 200 instruments can be installed on a cabled observatory at a time, as seen on the [[NEPTUNE]] and [[VENUS]] observatories.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Morley |first=Michael G. |last2=Jeffries |first2=Marlene A. |last3=Mihály |first3=Steven F. |last4=Jenkyns |first4=Reyna |last5=Biffard |first5=Ben R. |date=2016-05-01 |title=Detecting and Correcting Biases in Long-Term Ocean Observatory Time Series: Case Study on Current Directions Estimated From Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/mts/mtsj/2016/00000050/00000003/art00016;jsessionid=1svodwd83v8vv.x-ic-live-03 |journal=Marine Technology Society Journal |volume=50 |issue=3 |pages=109–113 |doi=10.4031/MTSJ.50.3.9}}</ref> |
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== Comparison with other data collection methods == |
== Comparison with other data collection methods == |
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Cabled observatories are ideal for use in complex regions of the ocean where continuous data sampling is required for understanding the area of interest. Such areas include the complex [[Biosphere|biospheres]] of the temperate coasts and polar regions, which are sensitive to [[climate change]].<ref name=":0" /> Conventional methods for oceanographic data collection, such as by ship, are often limited by the harsh typical weather conditions and cannot sample data continuously.<ref name=":0" /> [[Mooring|Mooring systems]] have also been a common method for long-term ocean data sampling, however they require |
Cabled observatories are ideal for use in complex regions of the [[ocean]] where continuous data sampling is required for understanding the area of interest. Such areas include the complex [[Biosphere|biospheres]] of the temperate coasts and polar regions, which are sensitive to [[climate change]].<ref name=":0" /> Conventional methods for oceanographic data collection, such as by ship, are often limited by the harsh typical weather conditions and cannot sample data continuously.<ref name=":0" /> [[Mooring|Mooring systems]] have also been a common method for long-term ocean data sampling, however they require scientific cruises for scientists to receive data or to discover damage to the mooring system and carry out repairs.<ref name=":0" /> Data collection by ship and by mooring system in complex or harsh environments has historically led to data losses and inaccurate conclusions.<ref name=":0" /> By eliminating the need for regular ship use and bolstered with extensive sensor sets, enabled by direct power connections, cabled observatories have the capability to provide continuous and detailed data sampling for regions of the ocean that are otherwise inaccessible.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== Usage locations == |
== Usage locations == |
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Revision as of 02:20, 29 November 2023
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Article Evaluation Notes
Content
Description of cabled observatories is concise in the lead paragraph and I think it could use expansion and clarification, particularly on characterizing research platforms. Further expansion should detail the functions of a typical cabled observatory, what research platforms can be used, and what innovations could be developing from this technology. The description of the cables themselves is good, and I think a section detailing recent development in the cables could be relevant. Cable design and key functions could be good to summarize and include. Also featured is a list of cabled observatories, with some entries leading to informative articles, a few leading to stubs, a few leading to articles that are inaccessible, don’t exist, or are not linked to articles.the list could perhaps include summaries of teach entry. A history of cabled observatories and recent developments made by cabled observatories would be good to find and include. Finally, pictures or visuals would help the reader quickly understand the subject.
Tone
The tone is professional, educational, and not suggestive of bias or distraction. The sentences are clear, concise, and informative. I will attempt to preserve the professional tone in my contributions and add clarifications to make the information more consistent and less jumpy from topic to topic.
Sources
Many of the sources listed lead to pages that don’t exist anymore or lead to basic pages created by companies operating cable observatories. There is a peer reviewed article listed that appears to be relevant source of information for this page and could be explored more. There are many sections of the article that are missing citations, such as the discussion of limitations on the quality of data from cabled observatories, and discussion of characteristics that prevent usage or installation of cables from observatories.
Talk Page
Activity on the talk page in minimal. The article has been rated as a stub and has been recommended by the author to be included in the ocean and telecommunications wikiprojects. The article has not been rated for importance. There has not been any discussion by users so far on the talk page. Additional articles for potential use:
Additional articles for potential use:
Time series of hydrothermal vent fluid chemistry at Main Endeavour Field, Juan de Fuca Ridge: Remote sampling using the NEPTUNE cabled observatory - ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967063722001224
Development, deployment, and operation of Kilo Nalu nearshore cabled observatory | IEEE Conference Publication | IEEE Xplore https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5278149
Multiparametric monitoring of fish activity rhythms in an Atlantic coastal cabled observatory - ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924796320301202
Lead
A cabled observatory is an oceanographic research platform connected to land by cables that provide power and communication. Observatories are outfitted with a multitude of scientific instruments that can collect many kinds of data from the seafloor and water column.[1][2]
On-board sensors
Cabled observatories have the benefit of high-power cable connections that can support a variety of instrumentation at any time. Such instrumentation can include cameras and microphones that can take high-definition audio and video, standard sensors that measure pressure, temperature, oxygen content, conductivity, turbidity, and chlorophyll-a fluorescence, and custom sensors for specialized purposes.[1][2] Over 200 instruments can be installed on a cabled observatory at a time, as seen on the NEPTUNE and VENUS observatories.[3]
Comparison with other data collection methods
Cabled observatories are ideal for use in complex regions of the ocean where continuous data sampling is required for understanding the area of interest. Such areas include the complex biospheres of the temperate coasts and polar regions, which are sensitive to climate change.[2] Conventional methods for oceanographic data collection, such as by ship, are often limited by the harsh typical weather conditions and cannot sample data continuously.[2] Mooring systems have also been a common method for long-term ocean data sampling, however they require scientific cruises for scientists to receive data or to discover damage to the mooring system and carry out repairs.[2] Data collection by ship and by mooring system in complex or harsh environments has historically led to data losses and inaccurate conclusions.[2] By eliminating the need for regular ship use and bolstered with extensive sensor sets, enabled by direct power connections, cabled observatories have the capability to provide continuous and detailed data sampling for regions of the ocean that are otherwise inaccessible.[2]
Usage locations
Cabled observatories are permanently fixed in one area and cannot take measurements beyond that range, however they can support sensors and apparatuses that can travel vertically in the water column and observatory data can be combined with ship data to create a more complete understanding of the area as well.[2] An observatory can be placed as far as 30 km from shore if the conditions permit.[2]
System design
Explain each module with pictures: land station, cables, breakout box, underwater node, sensor carrier (lander).[2]
Land Station
Cable
Breakout box
Underwater node
Sensor carrier (lander)
Operation and maintenance
Include details for common system malfunctions including power loss and biofouling and hardware/software issues.
Discuss maintenance solutions for COSNYA system and usage of ships and effect on data reliability.
Examples of cabled observatories
Deep sea observatories:[2]
- MARS (Monterey Accelerated Research System)
- VENUS (Victoria Experimental Network Under the Sea)
- NEPTUNE (North-East Pacific Time-series Undersea Networked Experiments)
Shallow water observatories:[2]
- “SmartBay” in Galway Bay, Ireland, at 22 m water depth
- EMSO-Molène cabled observatory3 in the Atlantic at 18 m water depth
- EMSO Mediterranean Sea observatories at 20–30 m depth
- OBSEA Observatory at 20 m water depth
- LEO-15 observatory on the East coast of New Jersey, United States
References
- ^ a b Mirimin, Luca; Desmet, Sam; Romero, David López; Fernandez, Sara Fernandez; Miller, Dulaney L.; Mynott, Sebastian; Brincau, Alejandro Gonzalez; Stefanni, Sergio; Berry, Alan; Gaughan, Paul; Aguzzi, Jacopo (2021-06-15). "Don't catch me if you can – Using cabled observatories as multidisciplinary platforms for marine fish community monitoring: An in situ case study combining Underwater Video and environmental DNA data". Science of The Total Environment. 773: 145351. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145351. ISSN 0048-9697.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Fischer, Philipp; Brix, Holger; Baschek, Burkard; Kraberg, Alexandra; Brand, Markus; Cisewski, Boris; Riethmüller, Rolf; Breitbach, Gisbert; Möller, Klas Ove; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Alliouane, Samir; van de Poll, Willem H.; Witbaard, Rob (2020). "Operating Cabled Underwater Observatories in Rough Shelf-Sea Environments: A Technological Challenge". Frontiers in Marine Science. 7. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00551/full. ISSN 2296-7745.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Morley, Michael G.; Jeffries, Marlene A.; Mihály, Steven F.; Jenkyns, Reyna; Biffard, Ben R. (2016-05-01). "Detecting and Correcting Biases in Long-Term Ocean Observatory Time Series: Case Study on Current Directions Estimated From Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data". Marine Technology Society Journal. 50 (3): 109–113. doi:10.4031/MTSJ.50.3.9.