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In 1999, Smile Train began providing corrective surgeries in China.<ref name=chinadaily/> The charity worked with the then-American and Chinese presidents, [[George H. W. Bush]] and [[Jiang Zemin]], in the planning of Smile Train's first operation in China.<ref name=harvardmagazine>{{cite web|url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2009/09/smile-trains-brian-mullaney?page=all|title=Scaling Up Charity|first=Nell Porter|last=Brown|website=[[Harvard Magazine]]|date=September–October 2009|accessdate=20 May 2014}}</ref>{{citation needed|reason=The Harvard Magazine source is being correctly quoted but the source is in error, as George H. W. Bush left office in January 1993. Perhaps it really meant his son George W.Bush, although the article at least seems to be talking about 1997-1998, and the younger Bush only became President in 2001. It is unclear how much this error should affect the credibility of the rest of this so-called Reliable Souurce.|date=October 2020}}
In 1999, Smile Train began providing corrective surgeries in China.<ref name=chinadaily/> The charity worked with the then-American and Chinese presidents, [[George H. W. Bush]] and [[Jiang Zemin]], in the planning of Smile Train's first operation in China.<ref name=harvardmagazine>{{cite web|url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2009/09/smile-trains-brian-mullaney?page=all|title=Scaling Up Charity|first=Nell Porter|last=Brown|website=[[Harvard Magazine]]|date=September–October 2009|accessdate=20 May 2014}}</ref>{{citation needed|reason=The Harvard Magazine source is being correctly quoted but the source is in error, as George H. W. Bush left office in January 1993. Perhaps it really meant his son George W.Bush, although the article at least seems to be talking about 1997-1998, and the younger Bush only became President in 2001. It is unclear how much this error should affect the credibility of the rest of this so-called Reliable Souurce.|date=October 2020}}


Smile Train began working in India in 2000.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.4103/0970-0358.57186 |pmid=19884676 |pmc=2825070 |title=Smile Train: The ascendancy of cleft care in India |journal=Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=S192–8 |year=2009 |last1=Singh |first1=Subodhkumar }}</ref> In 2011, [[Aishwarya Rai]], a [[Bollywood]] actress and former [[Miss World]], became Smile Train's first goodwill ambassador.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.today/20140520225709/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/entertainment/aishwarya-gets-a-cleft-smile-for-charity/article1-721445.aspx | title=Archive.ph }}</ref>
Smile Train began working in India in 2000.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.4103/0970-0358.57186 |pmid=19884676 |pmc=2825070 |title=Smile Train: The ascendancy of cleft care in India |journal=Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=S192–8 |year=2009 |last1=Singh |first1=Subodhkumar |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 2011, [[Aishwarya Rai]], a [[Bollywood]] actress and former [[Miss World]], became Smile Train's first goodwill ambassador.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.today/20140520225709/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/entertainment/aishwarya-gets-a-cleft-smile-for-charity/article1-721445.aspx | title=Archive.ph }}</ref>


==Early recognition and criticism==
==Early recognition and criticism==

Revision as of 05:22, 1 December 2023

This article is about a charity. For a Seibu Railway train with the same nickname, see Seibu 30000 series.
Smile Train
Formation1999; 25 years ago (1999)
Type501(c)(3) nonprofit
HeadquartersNew York City, New York, United States
Susannah Schaefer
Websitesmiletrain.org

Smile Train is a nonprofit organization and charity providing corrective surgery for children with cleft lips and palates.[1] Headquartered in New York City and founded in 1999, Smile Train provides free corrective cleft surgery in 87 countries,[2] training local doctors and providing hospital funding for the procedures.[2]

History

Smile Train was created in 1998 by Brian Mullaney and Charles Wang, who had previously worked with Operation Smile, another charity focused on correcting cleft lips and palates.[3] They felt the most efficient way to provide cleft surgery was to train and support local doctors rather than to fly in Western doctors to provide surgeries in poor, developing countries.[3][4] Local doctors would also be able to provide care year-round rather than the limited engagements of the "mission-based" model.[3][4] In 1999, Smile Train approached Court B. Cutting of New York University's Virtual Research Laboratory to create training videos, which could be used to train local doctors on how to perform advanced cleft surgery techniques.[5] The 3D models used in the videos were based on the CT scan of two Chinese patients.[6] Smile Train distributes the DVDs to local doctors worldwide.[4][5] The DVDs are available in English, Spanish, and Mandarin.[7]

In 1999, Smile Train began providing corrective surgeries in China.[2] The charity worked with the then-American and Chinese presidents, George H. W. Bush and Jiang Zemin, in the planning of Smile Train's first operation in China.[8][citation needed]

Smile Train began working in India in 2000.[9] In 2011, Aishwarya Rai, a Bollywood actress and former Miss World, became Smile Train's first goodwill ambassador.[10]

Early recognition and criticism

In a 2008 New York Times article, economist Steven Levitt of Freakonomics fame indicated that the organization's model and its technological innovations "likely make Smile Train one of the most productive charities, dollar for deed, in the world."[11]

In 2009, the documentary Smile Pinki, which was sponsored by Smile Train and directed by Megan Mylan, won the 2008 Oscar for Best Documentary (Short Subject).[12] The film shows the story of a poor girl in rural India whose life is transformed when she receives free surgery to correct her cleft lip.

Smile Train worked with the Scottish charity KidsOR to revamp 30 operating theatres in Africa. This encompassed three in Nigeria, including in Kano, revamping an operating theatre there in the city's Armed Forces Specialist Hospital in 2022.[13]

In 2008, CharityWatch criticized then-president Brian Mullaney's $420,209 salary and questioned the 2007 company's tax form, which said Mullaney's salary came from temporary restricted funds designed to go toward overhead.[14] In 2009, Givewell could not assess the impact of Smile Train's activities based on the charity's 2008 tax form and other publicly accessible information.[15] Mullaney departed the charity in 2012.[16]

See also

References

  1. ^ Domenico Nicosia (15 November 2013). "Ironman Arizona athletes raise funds for Smile Train to help kids". AZ Central. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  2. ^ a b c Liu Zhihua (24 October 2013). "Driven by smiles". China Daily. Retrieved 6 May 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Simpson, Elizabeth (17 November 2013). "Two sides of charity: Competing, compassion". The Virginian-Pilot. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  4. ^ a b c Dubner, Stephen J.; Levitt, Steven D. (9 March 2008). "Bottom-Line Philanthropy". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  5. ^ a b Amanda Schaffer (2 August 2005). "Cleft Palate Practice, Pre-Surgery". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  6. ^ Oliker, Aaron; Cutting, Court (2005). "The Role of Computer Graphics in Cleft Lip and Palate Education". Seminars in Plastic Surgery. 19 (4): 286–93. doi:10.1055/s-2005-925901. PMC 2884744.
  7. ^ Sheppard, L.M (2005). "Virtual surgery brings back smiles". IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications. 25 (1): 6–11. doi:10.1109/MCG.2005.26. PMID 15691163.
  8. ^ Brown, Nell Porter (September–October 2009). "Scaling Up Charity". Harvard Magazine. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
  9. ^ Singh, Subodhkumar (2009). "Smile Train: The ascendancy of cleft care in India". Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. 42 (3): S192–8. doi:10.4103/0970-0358.57186. PMC 2825070. PMID 19884676.
  10. ^ "Archive.ph".
  11. ^ Dubner, Stephen J.; Levitt, Steven D. (March 9, 2008). "Bottom-Line Philanthropy". The New York Times Magazine.
  12. ^ "Nominees & Winners for the 81st Academy Awards". The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
  13. ^ "Smile Train, KidsOR donates pediatric facilities to Armed Forces Specialist Hospital Kano". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-10-24.
  14. ^ http://www.charitywatch.org/articles/smiletrain.html[full citation needed]
  15. ^ "Smile Train". GiveWell. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  16. ^ Strom, Stephanie (2011-02-24). "Opposition Arises to Charities' Merger". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-11-08.
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