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=== Liberal conservatism ===
=== Liberal conservatism ===
The faction supporting [[liberal conservatism]], although being [[Economic liberalism|liberal on economic issues]], is more [[Social conservatism|conservative on social issues]].<ref name="jn.pt"/>
The faction supporting [[liberal conservatism]], although being [[Economic liberalism|liberal on economic issues]], is more [[Social conservatism|conservative on social issues]].<ref name="jn.pt"/> By November 25th most of the members from this faction have left the party<ref>https://www.dn.pt/politica/membros-da-il-anunciam-saida-por-o-partido-se-ter-tornado-numa-caricatura-17382531.html</ref>, with one joining Chega.<ref>https://www.dn.pt/politica/antigo-lider-da-ala-conservadora-da-il-anuncia-adesao-ao-chega-17394286.html</ref>


== Organisation, communication and style ==
== Organisation, communication and style ==

Revision as of 15:13, 2 December 2023

Liberal Initiative
Iniciativa Liberal
AbbreviationIL
PresidentRui Rocha
Secretary-GeneralMiguel Rangel
Vice presidentsBernardo Blanco
Angélique da Teresa
Ricardo Pais Oliveira
Ana Martins
Founded13 December 2017
HeadquartersAvenida do Bessa, 158 E 4100-012 Porto
Membership (February 2023)6,300[1]
IdeologyLiberalism
Libertarianism
Political positionCentre-right to right-wing
European affiliationAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe[2][3]
Colours  Sky blue
Assembly of the Republic
8 / 230
European Parliament
0 / 21
Regional
Parliaments
2 / 104
Local government
(Mayors)
0 / 308
Local government
(Parishes)
0 / 3,091
Election symbol
Party flag
Website
iniciativaliberal.pt

The Liberal Initiative, often simply IL (Template:Lang-pt, pronounced [inisjɐˈtivɐ liβɨˈɾal]) is a liberal political party in Portugal. Founded in 2017, it is currently led by Rui Rocha. IL identifies itself as liberal, though has been described as right-wing by academics and journalists.[4][5][6]

It has 8 elected members of the parliament out of a total of 230 seats in the Portuguese Parliament.[7]

The party was founded in December 2017, and in October 2019, its debut year at the Portuguese legislative elections, it won one seat in the Portuguese Parliament.[8] It had run in its first elections in May 2019 for the European Parliament and in 2020 supported its first government coalition, at regional level, after the 2020 Azorean regional election.[9]

The party espouses an economically liberal platform, including support for a lighter tax burden and a flat income tax, privatisation of state-owned companies, reduction of civil service, support for free trade and the liberalisation of the economy with increased labour market flexibility.[10] However, it intends to preserve an equitable and universal welfare state to a certain extent.[11][12] In other dimensions of life, the party favours views aligned with cultural and secular liberalism.[13][14]

History

See also: Liberalism in Portugal

The Liberal Initiative was founded as an association in 2016, and was approved as a party by the Constitutional Court in 2017.[15] It was admitted to the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party, a European political party, in November 2017,[16] having run for election for the first time in the 2019 European Parliament election in Portugal, garnering 0.9% of the votes, and failing to win any seats in the European Parliament.[17] In the 2019 legislative election, the party won a single seat in the Portuguese Parliament through the electoral district of Lisbon, earning 67,681 votes in total, equivalent to 1.3% of the votes cast.[8] At regional level, IL supported its first government coalition after the 2020 Azorean regional election.[9] In the 2021 Portuguese local elections, it won 26 seats in municipal assemblies, and none in municipal councils.[18] In the 2022 legislative election, the Liberal Initiative party increased the number of its MPs from one to eight with 5.0% of the vote.[19] Besides João Cotrim Figueiredo (already a MP at the Portuguese Parliament and incumbent party leader), IL elected seven new MPs for the party, including Carlos Guimarães Pinto (a former party leader), as MPs.

Ideology and platform

Part of a series on
Liberalism
History
Principles
Philosophers
Politicians
Organizations
Regional variants
Related topics
Schools

The party has been described as liberal,[20] classical-liberal,[21] and libertarian.[22][23][24][25] It has been described as centre-right[26][27] and right-wing,[23][28][29][30] with its policy base described as combining economic liberalism with more progressive stances on cultural issues.[28][31]

According to its own official statements about this topic, the Liberal Initiative was founded with the Oxford Manifesto in mind and believes in individual freedom, by which all individuals have fundamental rights, including the possibility of having a life of their own, owning property or choosing how they want to live in their community, closely following the principles of classical liberalism.[21] The party's conception of freedom encompasses both the economic and social spheres as well as the political and individual spheres,[32] and believes that if any of them are restricted, freedom ceases to exist.[33][34][35][36] The party's political ideas are based on the idea of freedom as the greatest engine of human development, social harmony and economic prosperity.[37][38][39][40] The party's leaders and founders have ascertained that they envisage Portugal as a country that will model itself on Germany's multi-payer health care system – which is paid for by a combination of public health insurance and private health insurance –, on Ireland's corporate tax policy and on Estonia's fiscal, educational, and public administration systems,[41][42] following classical liberal economic policies.

On 5 May 2018, the Liberal Initiative approved its political programme under the slogan "Less State, More Freedom" (Menos Estado, Mais Liberdade).[43] The party proposes the reduction of the number of civil servants and the extension of their health system to all Portuguese citizens, as well as extending the freedom for parents to choose their children's school without it necessarily being linked to their address.[44]

The party rejects to be simplistically described as a blind follower of the political philosophy of libertarianism, arguing that while it defends a small government and opposes economic interventionism in principle, it also defends an effective government which guarantees the rule of law, universal healthcare, universal education, social security and a welfare state.[45] The party said that it doesn't want to dismantle the Portuguese welfare state, but instead wants to "rationalize it" based on the principles of "sustainability and equity" by redefining its fairness proposition from the point of view of both social welfare beneficiaries/non-beneficiaries and taxpayers, regardless of age, current or previous occupation and other individual factors.[46][47][11]

Platform for the 2019 legislative election

Among the measures announced for the 2019 parliamentary elections were:

  • Introducing a flat income tax rate of 15%.
  • Extending coverage by the ADSE [pt] ("Instituto de Proteção e Assistência na Doença") to all Portuguese citizens. This body is in charge of health care, and works like a health insurance, for the Portuguese civil servants only.
  • Providing freedom of choice of school in both the state-owned and privately owned systems, through a school-voucher system.
  • Granting more freedom for universities to define admission criteria, and following the American and British models for universities by adopting a student loan funding system.

Party factions

The Liberal Initiative has a number of internal factions:[48][49]

Rui Rocha, current party leader.

Classical liberalism

It defends opposition to socialism through classical liberalism, calling for a low tax burden and promoting "efficient, effective and accountable government", while defending respect for individual, social, political and economic freedoms.[50]

Social liberalism

This faction adheres to the principles of social liberalism.[50]

Libertarianism

The faction espouses an outright libertarian platform with neoliberal economic and political stances, whose proposals include support for a lower flat income tax, small government, unprecedented wave of privatisations and deeper economic liberalisation of the economy, including in the labour market, able to address modernisation and overstaffing issues in the civil service, productivity gaps and competitiveness problems of the country in the context of the European Union and globalization.[10][51]

Liberal conservatism

The faction supporting liberal conservatism, although being liberal on economic issues, is more conservative on social issues.[50] By November 25th most of the members from this faction have left the party[52], with one joining Chega.[53]

Organisation, communication and style

Outdoor.

The party is organised and managed in a decentralised, digitised way. It has no physical headquarters in most municipalities of the country and makes heavy use of information and communication technologies.[54] Since its foundation, the party made an impact through the acclaimed originality of its communication and marketing campaigns, in particular its eye-catching billboards.[55][56]

Electoral results

Assembly of the Republic

Vote share in the Portuguese legislative elections

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/- Government
2019 Carlos Guimarães Pinto 67,681 1.3 (#8)
1 / 230
 New Opposition
2022 João Cotrim de Figueiredo 273,687 4.9 (#4)
8 / 230
 Increase 7 Opposition

European Parliament

Election Leader Votes % Seats +/-
2019 Ricardo Arroja 29,120 0.9 (#11)
0 / 21
 New

Regional Assemblies

Region Election Leader Votes % Seats +/- Government
Azores 2020 Nuno Barata
José Luís Parreira 		2,012 1.9 (#7)
1 / 57
 New Confidence and supply
Madeira 2023 Nuno Morna 3,555 2.6 (#6)
1 / 47
 Increase1 Opposition

Local elections

Election Leader Votes % Councillors +/- Mayors +/- Assemblies +/- Parishes +/-
2021 João Cotrim Figueiredo 64,849 1.3 (#8)
1 / 2,064
 New
0 / 308
 New
26 / 6,448
 New
45 / 26,797
 New

Presidential elections

Election Candidate Votes %
2021 Tiago Mayan Gonçalves 134,991 3.2 (#6)

Assembly of the Republic

João Cotrim de Figueiredo, the party's first ever elected Member of the Portuguese Parliament.

XV Legislature

2022-

XIV Legislature

2019-2022

List of presidents

Name Portrait Start End
1st Miguel Ferreira da Silva 13 December 2017 13 October 2018
2nd Carlos Guimarães Pinto 13 October 2018 8 December 2019
3rd João Cotrim de Figueiredo 8 December 2019 22 January 2023
4th Rui Rocha File:Rui Rocha.jpg 22 January 2023 Onwards

References

  1. ^ "PSD está sem "visão reformista" e sem "urgência de transformar o país"". www.dn.pt.
  2. ^ "ALDE Member Parties". ALDE Party.
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  4. ^ Giorgi, Elisabetta De; Santana-Pereira, José (2021). The Exceptional Case of Post-Bailout Portugal. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-46262-3. (...) due to both the rise of two new right-wing parties, the liberal IL (Iniciativa Liberal – Liberal Initiative) (...)
  5. ^ Botelho, Catarina Santos; Ribeiro, Ana Teresa (2020). "Portugal". In Albert, Richard; Landau, David E.; Faraguna, Pietro; Drugda, Simon (eds.). I-CONnect-Clough Center 2019 Global Review of Constitutional Law: Country Reports. Clough Center for the Study of Constitutional Democracy. ISBN 978-1-7343197-1-2. (...) two new right-wing parties (the radical right 'CHEGA' and the liberals 'Iniciativa Liberal') entered the Portuguese parliament (...)
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  7. ^ "Sobre os grupos parlamentares". www.parlamento.pt (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Legislativas 2019 – Resultados Globais". www.legislativas2019.mai.gov.pt. Retrieved 17 October 2019.
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  33. ^ Sampaio, Gustavo (22 July 2017). ""Os liberais não querem destruir o Estado, querem um Estado forte e eficiente para atuar quando deve atuar"". O Jornal Económico - Notícias, Economia, Política, Empresas, Mercados e Opinião (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 25 September 2023.
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  37. ^ Sampaio, Gustavo (22 July 2017). ""Os liberais não querem destruir o Estado, querem um Estado forte e eficiente para atuar quando deve atuar"". O Jornal Económico - Notícias, Economia, Política, Empresas, Mercados e Opinião (in European Portuguese). Retrieved 25 September 2023.
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  43. ^ ""Parece que não sabem que o muro de Berlim caiu e o sistema falhou"". ionline.
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