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Marín married Jorge Muñoz Poutays in 1963, with whom she had two children. Due to Jorge's and Gladys's political affiliation during the Coup, their children did not have a traditional upbringing. A family friend of raised their two sons, Rodrigo and Alvaro. Even once Gladys returned to Chile, her sons were not told in order to protect Marín's security.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=Juan |date=2005-04-22 |title=With Gladys, We’ll win a thousand times |url=https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/with-gladys-we-ll-win-a-thousand-times/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=People's World |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1987, her two sons demanded to see their mother immediately or never again. Despite the dangers, they met in Argentina for a two-week reunion.<ref name=":02" /> Marín died of brain cancer after a long battle which included treatment in [[Cuba]] and [[Sweden]]. Upon her death the government declared two days of national mourning. In accordance with her wishes, her coffin was exhibited at the former [[Ex Congreso Nacional|National Congress]] in Santiago and was viewed by thousands of mourners prior to its cremation. Half a million Chileans came to pay their respects to Marín.<ref name=":02" /> For her funeral the PCCh and her family organized a march through the center of [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], with estimates in the press ranging from "tens of thousands of marchers" to "over 200,000 people" to "almost one million people". An avenue crossing a working class district of Santiago was later renamed after her.
Marín married Jorge Muñoz Poutays in 1963, with whom she had two children. Due to Jorge's and Gladys's political affiliation during the Coup, their children did not have a traditional upbringing. A family friend of raised their two sons, Rodrigo and Alvaro. Even once Gladys returned to Chile, her sons were not told in order to protect Marín's security.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Lopez |first=Juan |date=2005-04-22 |title=With Gladys, We’ll win a thousand times |url=https://www.peoplesworld.org/article/with-gladys-we-ll-win-a-thousand-times/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=People's World |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1987, her two sons demanded to see their mother immediately or never again. Despite the dangers, they met in Argentina for a two-week reunion.<ref name=":02" /> Marín died of brain cancer after a long battle which included treatment in [[Cuba]] and [[Sweden]]. Upon her death the government declared two days of national mourning. In accordance with her wishes, her coffin was exhibited at the former [[Ex Congreso Nacional|National Congress]] in Santiago and was viewed by thousands of mourners prior to its cremation. Half a million Chileans came to pay their respects to Marín.<ref name=":02" /> For her funeral the PCCh and her family organized a march through the center of [[Santiago, Chile|Santiago]], with estimates in the press ranging from "tens of thousands of marchers" to "over 200,000 people" to "almost one million people". An avenue crossing a working class district of Santiago was later renamed after her.


== Books and Speeches ==
== Books and speeches ==
In 1999, Marín wrote ''Regreso a la esperanza: Derrota de la Operación Condor,'' which is a set of texts that combine the denouncement of the [[Augusto Pinochet|Pinochet]] repression, personal testimony and reviews of the objectives that move the [[Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action)|PC]]. In 2002, she wrote ''La vida es hoy'' and was a contributor to ''1000 Days of Revolution: Chilean Communists on the Lessons of Popular Unity 1970-73'' by Kenny Coyle.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-19 |title=Entrevistas – Gladys Marín |url=https://gladysmarin.cl/category/entrevistas/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |language=es}}</ref> Some of her most famous speeches are ''Entrevista el siglo, La llamaba cabra de monte,'' and ''La vida es un minuto.''<ref name=":03" />
In 1999, Marín wrote ''Regreso a la esperanza: Derrota de la Operación Condor,'' which is a set of texts that combine the denouncement of the [[Augusto Pinochet|Pinochet]] repression, personal testimony and reviews of the objectives that move the [[Chilean Communist Party (Proletarian Action)|PC]]. In 2002, she wrote ''La vida es hoy'' and was a contributor to ''1000 Days of Revolution: Chilean Communists on the Lessons of Popular Unity 1970-73'' by Kenny Coyle.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |date=2020-06-19 |title=Entrevistas – Gladys Marín |url=https://gladysmarin.cl/category/entrevistas/ |access-date=2023-12-03 |language=es}}</ref> Some of her most famous speeches are ''Entrevista el siglo, La llamaba cabra de monte,'' and ''La vida es un minuto.''<ref name=":03" />


Revision as of 05:37, 6 December 2023

Gladys Marín
Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Chile
In office
12 July 1994 – 11 August 2002
President of the Communist Party of Chile
In office
11 August 2002 – 6 March 2005
Personal details
Born(1938-07-16)16 July 1938
Curepto, Chile
Died6 March 2005(2005-03-06) (aged 63)
Santiago, Chile
CitizenshipChilean
SpouseJorge Muñoz Poutays
ChildrenRodrigo Muñoz Marín, Álvaro Muñoz Marín

Gladys del Carmen Marín Millie (Template:IPA-es; July 16, 1941 – March 6, 2005) was a Chilean activist and political figure. She was Secretary-General of the Communist Party of Chile (PCCh) (1994–2002) and then president of the PCCh until her death. She was a staunch opponent of General Augusto Pinochet and filed the first lawsuit against him, in which she accused him of committing human rights violations during his seventeen-year dictatorship.

Early life

Marín was born in Curepto, in the Maule region to Heraclio Marín, a farmer, and school teacher Adriana Millie, later moving with her family to Sarmiento, and then to Talagante. At the age of eleven she settled in Santiago.

Political activism

Marín joined the Communist party while studying at pedagogy faculty in Santiago. She was elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1965, and again in 1970, representing a working-class district of Santiago.

Following the 1973 coup d'état, Marín first went underground and then, at the PCCh's insistence, took refuge in the Dutch embassy in Santiago, where she remained for eight months before being allowed to leave the country to East Germany. Her husband Jorge Muñoz disappeared in 1976, while Marín was out of the country, travelling in Costa Rica. She returned to Chile, clandestinely, in 1978 and fought from the underground for the return of democracy.

In 1997, Marín ran for a seat in the Senate and obtained the eighth largest national majority, but was not elected due to the nature of the Chilean electoral system, which favours the two dominant parties or coalitions. She ran for president in 1999 and achieved less than four percent of the vote, mainly due to fear from leftist voters that the right-wing candidate Joaquín Lavín could defeat Socialist Ricardo Lagos.[citation needed]

On January 12, 1998, Marín filed a complaint — the first person in Chile to do so — against Augusto Pinochet, accusing him of genocide, kidnapping, illicit association and illegal inhumation.

In August 2000, Marín attended the Third Al Mathaba Conference, held by the Al-Mathaba World Anti-Imperialist Centre, a centre in Libya established by Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi for supporting anti-imperialist and leftist revolutionaries worldwide, as the representative of the PCCh, whose erstwhile anti-Pinochet armed wing, the Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front, had received support from Libya and its leader.

Personal life and death

Marín married Jorge Muñoz Poutays in 1963, with whom she had two children. Due to Jorge's and Gladys's political affiliation during the Coup, their children did not have a traditional upbringing. A family friend of raised their two sons, Rodrigo and Alvaro. Even once Gladys returned to Chile, her sons were not told in order to protect Marín's security.[1] In 1987, her two sons demanded to see their mother immediately or never again. Despite the dangers, they met in Argentina for a two-week reunion.[1] Marín died of brain cancer after a long battle which included treatment in Cuba and Sweden. Upon her death the government declared two days of national mourning. In accordance with her wishes, her coffin was exhibited at the former National Congress in Santiago and was viewed by thousands of mourners prior to its cremation. Half a million Chileans came to pay their respects to Marín.[1] For her funeral the PCCh and her family organized a march through the center of Santiago, with estimates in the press ranging from "tens of thousands of marchers" to "over 200,000 people" to "almost one million people". An avenue crossing a working class district of Santiago was later renamed after her.

Books and speeches

In 1999, Marín wrote Regreso a la esperanza: Derrota de la Operación Condor, which is a set of texts that combine the denouncement of the Pinochet repression, personal testimony and reviews of the objectives that move the PC. In 2002, she wrote La vida es hoy and was a contributor to 1000 Days of Revolution: Chilean Communists on the Lessons of Popular Unity 1970-73 by Kenny Coyle.[2] Some of her most famous speeches are Entrevista el siglo, La llamaba cabra de monte, and La vida es un minuto.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c Lopez, Juan (22 April 2005). "With Gladys, We'll win a thousand times". People's World. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Entrevistas – Gladys Marín" (in Spanish). 19 June 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2023.

Media related to Gladys Marín at Wikimedia Commons

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