Jump to content

Poland–Uzbekistan relations: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 3: Line 3:


==History==
==History==
There are several historical similarities between Poland and Uzbekistan. Since the [[Late Middle Ages]], both nations formed the preeminent states of their regions, i.e., East-Central Europe and Central Asia,<ref>{{cite book|last=Grant|first=R. G.|year=2017|title=1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History|publisher=Chartwell Books|page=214|isbn=978-0-7858-3553-0}}</ref><ref name=mk>{{cite book|last=Kort|first=Michael|year=2001|title=The Handbook of the New Eastern Europe|location=Brookfield, Connecticut|pages=39–40}}</ref><ref name=jm>{{cite book|last=Minahan|first=James|year=2013|title=Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States|publisher=Routledge|page=341}}</ref><ref name=siml>{{cite book|last1=Ibbotson|first1=Sophie|last2=Lovell-Hoare|first2=Max|year=2016|title=Uzbekistan|page=15|isbn=978-1-78477-017-4}}</ref> where cities flourished as learning (chiefly [[Kraków]] and [[Bukhara]]),<ref name=mk/><ref name=siml/> cultural and political centers, reflected in magnificent architecture, with some, such as Kraków, [[Toruń]], [[Warsaw]], [[Samarkand]] and Bukhara, now listed as [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s. Both the Poles and Uzbeks endured several foreign invasions, including Russian,<ref name=jm/> and their states declined in the 18th century, to eventually lose their independence to [[Russian Empire|Russia]]. Poland was divided by Russia, [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]] and [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] (later Germany) in the [[Partitions of Poland]], whereas the Uzbek khanates were conquered by Russia.<ref name=jm/> Russian-controlled Uzbek territory was one of the places to which Poles were either deported as political prisoners from the [[Russian Partition]] of Poland or were sent after being conscripted to the Russian Army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://swietlica.uz/en/polish-cultural-centre/|title=Polish Cultural Centre|website=Świetlica Polska|date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322131830/https://swietlica.uz/en/polish-cultural-centre/|access-date=11 December 2023|archive-date=22 March 2023}}</ref> The Poles built the [[Sacred Heart Cathedral, Tashkent|Sacred Heart Cathedral]] in [[Tashkent]], also known as the Polish Church, now a cultural heritage site of the Uzbek capital.
There are several historical similarities between Poland and Uzbekistan. Since the [[Late Middle Ages]], both nations formed the preeminent states of their regions, i.e., East-Central Europe and Central Asia,<ref>{{cite book|last=Grant|first=R. G.|year=2017|title=1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History|publisher=Chartwell Books|page=214|isbn=978-0-7858-3553-0}}</ref><ref name=mk>{{cite book|last=Kort|first=Michael|year=2001|title=The Handbook of the New Eastern Europe|location=Brookfield, Connecticut|pages=39–40}}</ref><ref name=jm>{{cite book|last=Minahan|first=James|year=2013|title=Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States|publisher=Routledge|page=341}}</ref><ref name=siml>{{cite book|last1=Ibbotson|first1=Sophie|last2=Lovell-Hoare|first2=Max|year=2016|title=Uzbekistan|page=15|isbn=978-1-78477-017-4}}</ref> where cities flourished as learning (chiefly [[Kraków]] and [[Bukhara]]),<ref name=mk/><ref name=siml/> cultural and political centers, reflected in magnificent architecture, with some, such as Kraków, [[Toruń]], [[Warsaw]], [[Samarkand]] and Bukhara, now listed as [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]]s. Both the Poles and Uzbeks endured several foreign invasions, including Russian,<ref name=jm/> and their states declined in the 18th century, to eventually lose their independence to [[Russian Empire|Russia]]. Poland was divided by Russia, [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]] and [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] (later Germany) in the [[Partitions of Poland]], whereas the Uzbek khanates were conquered by Russia.<ref name=jm/> Russian-controlled Uzbek territory was one of the places to which Poles were either deported as political prisoners from the [[Russian Partition]] of Poland or were sent after being conscripted to the Russian Army.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://swietlica.uz/en/polish-cultural-centre/|title=Polish Cultural Centre|website=Świetlica Polska|date=20 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322131830/https://swietlica.uz/en/polish-cultural-centre/|access-date=11 December 2023|archive-date=22 March 2023}}</ref> The Poles built the [[Sacred Heart Cathedral, Tashkent|Sacred Heart Cathedral]] in [[Tashkent]], also known as the Polish Church, now a cultural heritage site of the Uzbek capital. Following [[World War I]], Poland regained independence and then [[Battle of Warsaw (1920)|successfully repelled]] a Soviet invasion, however, the Uzbeks fell under [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] rule.


[[File:Guzor Polish War Cemetery 04.jpg|thumb|Polish War Cemetery in [[Gʻuzor]]]]
[[File:Guzor Polish War Cemetery 04.jpg|thumb|Polish War Cemetery in [[Gʻuzor]]]]
Following the joint German-Soviet [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]] in 1939, the [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic]] was one of the destinations for the [[Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)#Mass deportations to the East|deportations of Poles]] from [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|Soviet-occupied eastern Poland]].<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Ocaleni z "nieludzkiej ziemi"|year=2012|language=pl|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|Instytut Pamięci Narodowej]]|location=Łódź|page=28|isbn=978-83-63695-00-2}}</ref> After the [[Sikorski–Mayski agreement]], a Polish diplomatic post was established in Tashkent in 1941, and then relocated to Samarkand in March 1942, leaving Władysław Bugajski as a representative of Poland in Tashkent.
Following the joint German-Soviet [[invasion of Poland]], which started [[World War II]] in 1939, the [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic]] was one of the destinations for the [[Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)#Mass deportations to the East|deportations of Poles]] from [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|Soviet-occupied eastern Poland]].<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Ocaleni z "nieludzkiej ziemi"|year=2012|language=pl|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|Instytut Pamięci Narodowej]]|location=Łódź|page=28|isbn=978-83-63695-00-2}}</ref> After the [[Sikorski–Mayski agreement]], a Polish diplomatic post was established in Tashkent in 1941, and then relocated to Samarkand in March 1942, leaving Władysław Bugajski as a representative of Poland in Tashkent. In early 1942, the Polish [[Anders' Army]] along with thousands of civilians was relocated to the Uzbek and [[Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic|Kyrgyz]] SSRs, and [[Gʻuzor]] became the organizational center of the army.

==References==
{{Reflist}}


{{Foreign relations of Poland}}
{{Foreign relations of Poland}}

Revision as of 10:44, 11 December 2023

Poland–Uzbekistan relations
Map indicating locations of Poland and Uzbekistan

Poland
Uzbekistan

Poland–Uzbekistan relations are bilateral relations between Poland and Uzbekistan. The countries enjoy good relations, based on growing trade, and political and educational cooperation. Both nations are full members of the OSCE and United Nations.

History

There are several historical similarities between Poland and Uzbekistan. Since the Late Middle Ages, both nations formed the preeminent states of their regions, i.e., East-Central Europe and Central Asia,[1][2][3][4] where cities flourished as learning (chiefly Kraków and Bukhara),[2][4] cultural and political centers, reflected in magnificent architecture, with some, such as Kraków, Toruń, Warsaw, Samarkand and Bukhara, now listed as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Both the Poles and Uzbeks endured several foreign invasions, including Russian,[3] and their states declined in the 18th century, to eventually lose their independence to Russia. Poland was divided by Russia, Austria and Prussia (later Germany) in the Partitions of Poland, whereas the Uzbek khanates were conquered by Russia.[3] Russian-controlled Uzbek territory was one of the places to which Poles were either deported as political prisoners from the Russian Partition of Poland or were sent after being conscripted to the Russian Army.[5] The Poles built the Sacred Heart Cathedral in Tashkent, also known as the Polish Church, now a cultural heritage site of the Uzbek capital. Following World War I, Poland regained independence and then successfully repelled a Soviet invasion, however, the Uzbeks fell under Soviet rule.

Polish War Cemetery in Gʻuzor

Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in 1939, the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was one of the destinations for the deportations of Poles from Soviet-occupied eastern Poland.[6] After the Sikorski–Mayski agreement, a Polish diplomatic post was established in Tashkent in 1941, and then relocated to Samarkand in March 1942, leaving Władysław Bugajski as a representative of Poland in Tashkent. In early 1942, the Polish Anders' Army along with thousands of civilians was relocated to the Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs, and Gʻuzor became the organizational center of the army.

References

  1. ^ Grant, R. G. (2017). 1001 Battles That Changed the Course of History. Chartwell Books. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-7858-3553-0.
  2. ^ a b Kort, Michael (2001). The Handbook of the New Eastern Europe. Brookfield, Connecticut. pp. 39–40.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ a b c Minahan, James (2013). Miniature Empires: A Historical Dictionary of the Newly Independent States. Routledge. p. 341.
  4. ^ a b Ibbotson, Sophie; Lovell-Hoare, Max (2016). Uzbekistan. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-78477-017-4.
  5. ^ "Polish Cultural Centre". Świetlica Polska. 20 January 2018. Archived from the original on 22 March 2023. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  6. ^ Ocaleni z "nieludzkiej ziemi" (in Polish). Łódź: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. 2012. p. 28. ISBN 978-83-63695-00-2.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Poland–Uzbekistan_relations&oldid=1189363017"