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The East Flatbush Library is located at 9612 Church Avenue, between East 96th Street and [[Rockaway Parkway]], and was opened in 1945. In September 2018, this library was also closed for renovations;<ref>{{cite web | title=East Flatbush Library | website=Brooklyn Public Library | date=August 19, 2011 | url=https://www.bklynlibrary.org/locations/east-flatbush | access-date=February 21, 2019}}</ref> it reopened in June 2023.<ref name="Schillaci 2023 q794">{{cite web | last=Schillaci | first=Trevor | title=LEVENBETTS design pleated aluminum facade for East Flatbush Library | website=The Architect’s Newspaper | date=November 3, 2023 | url=https://www.archpaper.com/2023/11/levenbetts-pleated-aluminum-facade-east-flatbush-library/ | access-date=December 16, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Ginsburg 2023 i247">{{cite web | last=Ginsburg | first=Aaron | title=East Flatbush's new library is light-filled and inviting | website=6sqft | date=June 9, 2023 | url=https://www.6sqft.com/east-flatbush-library-reopens-after-renovation/ | access-date=December 16, 2023}}</ref>
The East Flatbush Library is located at 9612 Church Avenue, between East 96th Street and [[Rockaway Parkway]], and was opened in 1945. In September 2018, this library was also closed for renovations;<ref>{{cite web | title=East Flatbush Library | website=Brooklyn Public Library | date=August 19, 2011 | url=https://www.bklynlibrary.org/locations/east-flatbush | access-date=February 21, 2019}}</ref> it reopened in June 2023.<ref name="Schillaci 2023 q794">{{cite web | last=Schillaci | first=Trevor | title=LEVENBETTS design pleated aluminum facade for East Flatbush Library | website=The Architect’s Newspaper | date=November 3, 2023 | url=https://www.archpaper.com/2023/11/levenbetts-pleated-aluminum-facade-east-flatbush-library/ | access-date=December 16, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Ginsburg 2023 i247">{{cite web | last=Ginsburg | first=Aaron | title=East Flatbush's new library is light-filled and inviting | website=6sqft | date=June 9, 2023 | url=https://www.6sqft.com/east-flatbush-library-reopens-after-renovation/ | access-date=December 16, 2023}}</ref>

==Gentrification==
'''Gentrification''' is "the process of changing the character of a neighborhood through the influx of more affluent residents and businesses".[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentrification]]

Gentrification brings about a multitude of challenges. It most obviously leads to the displacement of low-income residents because as property value increases due to renovations in the neighborhood, it becomes increasingly more difficult to afford housing [https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/in-brooklyn-americas-gentrification-epicenter-building-on-a-model-for-commu] A common misconception that is argued against the harsh truths of gentrification is that gentrification benefits everyone by improving the residents’ quality of life. The East Flatbush 2018 report by Hinterland K. et. al complicates this misconception entirely because it recognizes that despite its under-resourced populations the overall health of residents was better than other parts of Brooklyn. The article details that adults in East Flatbush were asked to report their own health as "excellent", "very good", or "good", and East Flatbush residents ranked an 83% on their self-ranked health scale, 6% higher than the rest of Brooklyn, and 5% higher than NYC as a whole. Hinterland et.al concludes that "East Flatbush’s average life expectancy is 1.4 years longer than NYC overall" [https://www.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/data/2018chp-bk17.pdf]

Another common misconception with gentrification is that it happens overnight. That is not true; it is a very well-thought out multi-step plan to displace low-income people of color. A social rights activist from Bushwick, Brooklyn, Melvin Rivera says it’s a trickle down effect. He goes on to say that “Landlords make homes uninhabitable. Then they rebuild and refurbish the homes, and now, they figure, ‘Hey, instead of renting to this multigenerational family that lives here at $1,200, we could start renting individual rooms at $1,000-1,200 each”[https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/in-brooklyn-americas-gentrification-epicenter-building-on-a-model-for-commu]. Some may believe that the housing market will naturally adjust to accommodate different income levels, but as we can understand from Melvin Rivera’s testament, the opposite happens, instead.[https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/in-brooklyn-americas-gentrification-epicenter-building-on-a-model-for-commu] Rivera is not the only tenant who can make a testament to the unfair practices imbeded in the gentrification process. Ms. Francis, a resident of East Flatbush, reported "that she has endured years of racially-based harassment by Maxx Properties as well as being sexually harassed by an Maxx Properties employee" [http://www.equalityforflatbush.org/anti-gentrification/.].

A third misconception is that new investments bring about community unity because it's presumably what the “community wants”. This is entirely incorrect and many organizations such as Equality for Flatbush (E4F) can attest to that and dispute those beliefs with the work they are doing to “take it [their homes and community] before it’s gone” [http://www.equalityforflatbush.org/anti-gentrification/.]. The reality is that having differing interests creates a strain on the relationships within the community and ultimately leads to the exclusion of long term residents and an accommodation to newer residents [http://www.equalityforflatbush.org/affordable-housing/].


==Notable places==
==Notable places==

Revision as of 00:01, 18 December 2023

"Rugby, Brooklyn" redirects here. Not to be confused with Brooklyn Rugby.

East Flatbush
Neighborhood of Brooklyn
PS 181, Tilden and New York Avenues
PS 181, Tilden and New York Avenues
Map
Location in New York City
Coordinates: 40°38′38″N 73°55′48″W / 40.644°N 73.930°W / 40.644; -73.930
Country United States
State New York
City New York City
Borough Brooklyn
Community DistrictBrooklyn 17[1]
Area
 • Total
7.5737 km2 (2.9242 sq mi)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total
135,619
 • Density18,000/km2 (46,000/sq mi)
 [2]
Ethnicity
[3]
 • Black88.7%
 • Hispanic6.6
 • Two or more races1.6
 • White1.3
 • Other1.8
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Code
11203
Area codes718, 347, 929, and 917

East Flatbush is a residential neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. East Flatbush is bounded by Crown Heights and Empire Boulevard to the north; Brownsville and East 98th Street to the east; Flatlands, Canarsie and the Long Island Rail Road's Bay Ridge Branch to the south; and the neighborhood of Flatbush and New York Avenue to the west. East Flatbush is a predominantly African American neighborhood and has a population of 135,619 as of the 2010 United States census.

East Flatbush is part of Brooklyn Community District 17, and its primary ZIP Code is 11203.[1] It is patrolled by the 67th Precinct of the New York City Police Department.[4] Politically it is represented by the New York City Council's 40th, 41st, and 45th Districts.[5]

Geography

As with many neighborhoods in Brooklyn, the borders of East Flatbush are subjective/porous, but its northern border is roughly at Empire Boulevard and East New York Avenue east of East 91st Street, its southern border is in the vicinity of the Long Island Rail Road Bay Ridge Branch, its eastern border is roughly at East 98th Street and its western border is roughly at Nostrand/New York Avenues.

East Flatbush is split up into three subsections. From west to east they are Erasmus, Farragut, and Remsen Village/Rugby.[6]

Farragut

Not to be confused with Farragut Houses, occasionally referred to as "Farragut" as well.

The central section of East Flatbush is called Farragut.[7] Farragut is roughly bounded by Cortelyou Road and Holy Cross Cemetery to the north, Kings Highway to the east, Brooklyn Avenue on the west and the LIRR Bay Ridge Branch to the south.[8] Farragut was originally part of the colonial Town of Flatbush,[7][8][9] and was named for American Civil War Admiral David Farragut.[8][9] The area was largely populated by Jews and Italians before 1950. By the 1990s, African Americans became a majority, along with many immigrants from the West Indies.[8]

Farragut is adjacent to Paerdegat Woods, a formerly wooded area near Paerdegat Basin where real-estate developer Fred Trump constructed housing in the 1940s.[9][10] Farragut also contains Flatbush Gardens (formerly named Vanderveer Estates),[11] a 59-building complex erected in 1949.[7][8][9][12] Vanderveer Estates was built on the site of the old Flatbush Water Works.[13] The complex is one of the largest privately held working-class housing complexes in New York City, and owned in part by David Bistricer.[14] Notable people who once lived in Vanderveer Estates include Barbra Streisand[13] and Michael K. Williams.[15]

Remsen Village

Remsen Village has been described as a "subsection of the larger East Flatbush neighborhood,"[16] with an estimated 60,000 residents.[17] but is also sometimes considered its own neighborhood[18] and also as "Rugby-Remsen Village".[19] The origin of using the name Remsen Village seems to be in the mid-1990s,[20] and it was referred as such through the 21st century.[18][21] Remsen Village's population[17] is over one third of that of Brooklyn Community Board 17, which consists entirely of East Flatbush and its subsections.[22]

The name "Rugby" was described in 2016 by the New York Times as "the old name for the area." It persists as the name of a road in East Flatbush, as well as a library branch in eastern East Flatbush.[23]

Demographics

East Flatbush is divided into three neighborhood tabulation areas (Erasmus, Farragut, and Remsen Village), which collectively comprise the population of the area.[6] Based on data from the 2010 United States census, the combined population of East Flatbush's neighborhood tabulation areas was 135,619, a change of -9,740 (-7.2%) from the 145,359 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 1,871.5 acres (757.4 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 72.5 inhabitants per acre (46,400/sq mi; 17,900/km2).[2]

The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 1.3% (1,816) White, 88.7% (120,231) African American, 0.3% (366) Native American, 1.1% (1,480) Asian, 0% (45) Pacific Islander, 0.4% (523) from other races, and 1.6% (2,140) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.6% (9,018) of the population.[3]

The entirety of Community Board 17 had 154,575 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 82.6 years.[24]: 2, 20  This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[25]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [26] Most inhabitants are middle-aged adults and youth: 21% are between the ages of 0 and 17, 28% between 25 and 44, and 28% between 45 and 64. The ratio of college-aged and elderly residents was lower, at 9% and 15% respectively.[24]: 2 

As of 2016, the median household income in Community District 17 was $49,349.[27] In 2018, an estimated 19% of East Flatbush residents lived in poverty, compared to 21% in all of Brooklyn and 20% in all of New York City. One in eleven residents (9%) were unemployed, compared to 9% in the rest of both Brooklyn and New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 54% in East Flatbush, higher than the citywide and boroughwide rates of 52% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, East Flatbush is considered to be high-income and not gentrifying, relative to the rest of the city.[24]: 7 

East Flatbush generally is very similar in nature to neighboring Flatbush, as both are predominantly West Indian and working class; however, Flatbush has a higher percentage of White and Asian residents than East Flatbush. The area was populated after World War II predominantly by immigrant Jews and Italians, then in the 1960s by African Americans, but most recently has seen many West Indian immigrants such as Guyanese, Haitians, Jamaicans, St.Lucians, Trinidadians, Grenadians, Vincentians, Bajans, Panamanians and Dominicans groups coming to the area. Within its confines is the Holy Cross Cemetery, Brooklyn, which is located at 3620 Tilden Avenue. While some residents are affluent, East Flatbush is mostly populated by working-class Brooklynites. Similar to other eastern Brooklyn neighborhoods, blacks predominate East Flatbush. The area is 91.4% Black or African-American [28] and 51% foreign born,[29] the majority of whom are from the Caribbean. Considering this data, East Flatbush has been noted as being the single largest West Indian neighborhood in all of New York City and America as a whole.[30][31]

According to the 2020 census data from New York City Department of City Planning, East Flatbush has been given three different names for three different sections, which are East Flatbush Erasmus to the west, East Flatbush Farragut to the east, and East Flatbush Rugby to the north. The Erasmus portion had between 30,000 and 39,999 Black residents and between 5,000 and 9,999 Hispanic residents, meanwhile each the White and Asian populations were under 5000 residents. The Rugby portion had 30,000 to 39,999 Black residents while each the Hispanic, White, and Asian populations were all under 5000 residents. The Farragut portion had 20,000 to 29,999 Black residents while each the Hispanic, White, and Asian population were also all under 5000 residents.[32][33]

Little Caribbean and Little Haiti

Since the 1960s and especially through the 1970s, Caribbean immigrants have largely settled into East Flatbush, as well as in other surrounding areas such as Flatbush, and Crown Heights. Since 2017, the areas surrounding Nostrand and Church Avenues have been given the nickname, Little Caribbean.[34][35][36] In addition to Little Caribbean, the south tip of the neighborhood has been given the name Little Haiti due to the high concentration of Haitians.[37][38] Additionally, MTA's IRT Nostrand Avenue Line of the 2 and 5 station at Newkirk Avenue station added the name Little Haiti to this subway station stop now calling it, Newkirk Avenue–Little Haiti.[39]

Police and crime

The NYPD's 67th Precinct (known internally by NYPD officers as Fort Jah[40]) is located at 2820 Snyder Avenue.[4] The 67th Precinct ranked 40th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010.[41] As of 2018, with a non-fatal assault rate of 80 per 100,000 people, East Flatbush's rate of violent crimes per capita is greater than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 597 per 100,000 people is higher than that of the city as a whole.[24]: 8  The Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 79.9% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 6 murders, 43 rapes, 246 robberies, 601 felony assaults, 225 burglaries, 586 grand larcenies, and 98 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[42]

A drug epidemic ravaged East Flatbush during the late 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s, mostly in Vanderveer Estates. The intersection of Foster Avenue and Nostrand Avenues was nicknamed "the Front Page" because of media attention to drug murders there. The intersection of Foster between New York Avenue and Brooklyn Avenue area to the south was called "the Back Page" because its many murders went unnoticed.[43] The area around the Nostrand playground had various gangs: Crips, Gangster Disciples, Jamaicans (Shower Posse), Trinidadians and Grenadians particularly notorious for turf wars, shootouts, and pitbull fights. Crime is still somewhat of a problem in the neighborhood today as well.[citation needed]

Fire safety

The firehouse for the New York City Fire Department (FDNY)'s Engine Co. 310/Ladder Co. 174 is located at 5105 Snyder Avenue.[44][45]

Health

SUNY Downstate Medical Center

As of 2018, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are more common in East Flatbush than in other places citywide. In East Flatbush, there were 126 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 20.6 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[24]: 11  East Flatbush has a high population of residents who are uninsured, or who receive healthcare through Medicaid.[46] In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 15%, which is higher than the citywide rate of 12%.[24]: 14 

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in East Flatbush is 0.0078 milligrams per cubic metre (7.8×10−9 oz/cu ft), lower than the citywide and boroughwide averages.[24]: 9  Eight percent of East Flatbush residents are smokers, which is lower the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[24]: 13  In East Flatbush, 34% of residents are obese, 15% are diabetic, and 36% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[24]: 16  In addition, 22% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[24]: 12 

Eighty percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is lower than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 83% of residents described their health as "good," "very good," or "excellent," higher than the city's average of 78%.[24]: 13  For every supermarket in East Flatbush, there are 21 bodegas.[24]: 10 

East Flatbush is home to three major hospitals, Kings County Hospital, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, and Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center.[46]

Transportation

East Flatbush does not have as much access to the New York City Subway as Flatbush. However, the IRT Nostrand Avenue Line (2 and ​5 trains) has some stops located near the western border of East Flatbush, particularly Newkirk Avenue–Little Haiti, Beverly Road, and Church Avenue.[47] Additionally, along the neighborhood's eastern border with Brownsville, the IRT New Lots Line (2, ​3, ​4, and ​5 trains) has a station at the intersection of Sutter Avenue, Rutland Road, and East 98th Street.

MTA Regional Bus Operations' B44, B44 SBS, B46 and B46 SBS routes run north–south through East Flatbush, while the B8 and B35 run east–west. The B12 bus takes a serpentine route at the north end of the neighborhood, and the B7 runs on Kings Highway at the southeast edge of East Flatbush.[48]

Education

East Flatbush generally has a lower ratio of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018. While 30% of residents age 25 and older have a college education or higher, 15% have less than a high school education and 55% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 40% of Brooklynites and 38% of city residents have a college education or higher.[24]: 6  The percentage of East Flatbush students excelling in math has been increasing, with math achievement rising from 32 percent in 2000 to 51 percent in 2011, though reading achievement within the same time period stayed steady at 42%.[49]

East Flatbush's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is slightly higher than the rest of New York City. In East Flatbush, 23% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, compared to the citywide average of 20% of students.[25]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [24]: 6  Additionally, 78% of high school students in East Flatbush graduate on time, higher than the citywide average of 75% of students.[24]: 6 

Schools

Schools located in East Flatbush include:

The neighborhood was the home of the former General George W. Wingate and Gov. Samuel J. Tilden High Schools.

Libraries

The Brooklyn Public Library (BPL) has two branches in East Flatbush. The Rugby branch is located at 1000 Utica Avenue and opened in 1957.[50] It was closed for renovations in 2017[51] and reopened in 2021.[52]

The East Flatbush Library is located at 9612 Church Avenue, between East 96th Street and Rockaway Parkway, and was opened in 1945. In September 2018, this library was also closed for renovations;[53] it reopened in June 2023.[54][55]

Gentrification

Gentrification is "the process of changing the character of a neighborhood through the influx of more affluent residents and businesses".[[1]]

Gentrification brings about a multitude of challenges. It most obviously leads to the displacement of low-income residents because as property value increases due to renovations in the neighborhood, it becomes increasingly more difficult to afford housing [2] A common misconception that is argued against the harsh truths of gentrification is that gentrification benefits everyone by improving the residents’ quality of life. The East Flatbush 2018 report by Hinterland K. et. al complicates this misconception entirely because it recognizes that despite its under-resourced populations the overall health of residents was better than other parts of Brooklyn. The article details that adults in East Flatbush were asked to report their own health as "excellent", "very good", or "good", and East Flatbush residents ranked an 83% on their self-ranked health scale, 6% higher than the rest of Brooklyn, and 5% higher than NYC as a whole. Hinterland et.al concludes that "East Flatbush’s average life expectancy is 1.4 years longer than NYC overall" [3]

Another common misconception with gentrification is that it happens overnight. That is not true; it is a very well-thought out multi-step plan to displace low-income people of color. A social rights activist from Bushwick, Brooklyn, Melvin Rivera says it’s a trickle down effect. He goes on to say that “Landlords make homes uninhabitable. Then they rebuild and refurbish the homes, and now, they figure, ‘Hey, instead of renting to this multigenerational family that lives here at $1,200, we could start renting individual rooms at $1,000-1,200 each”[4]. Some may believe that the housing market will naturally adjust to accommodate different income levels, but as we can understand from Melvin Rivera’s testament, the opposite happens, instead.[5] Rivera is not the only tenant who can make a testament to the unfair practices imbeded in the gentrification process. Ms. Francis, a resident of East Flatbush, reported "that she has endured years of racially-based harassment by Maxx Properties as well as being sexually harassed by an Maxx Properties employee" [6].

A third misconception is that new investments bring about community unity because it's presumably what the “community wants”. This is entirely incorrect and many organizations such as Equality for Flatbush (E4F) can attest to that and dispute those beliefs with the work they are doing to “take it [their homes and community] before it’s gone” [7]. The reality is that having differing interests creates a strain on the relationships within the community and ultimately leads to the exclusion of long term residents and an accommodation to newer residents [8].

Notable places

In summer 2006, the New York City Department of Transportation co-named a portion of Church Avenue from Remsen Avenue to East 98th Street in East Flatbush as "Bob Marley Boulevard".[56][57]

The former Congregation Beth Israel, now known as Mt. Zion Church of God 7th Day, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.[58]

Notable people

Notable current and former residents of East Flatbush include:

References

Media related to East Flatbush, Brooklyn at Wikimedia Commons

  1. ^ a b "NYC Planning | Community Profiles". communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov. New York City Department of City Planning. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  2. ^ a b Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
  3. ^ a b Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.
  4. ^ a b "NYPD – 67th Precinct". www.nyc.gov. New York City Police Department. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  5. ^ "Current City Council Districts for Kings County", New York City. Accessed May 5, 2017.
  6. ^ a b New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
  7. ^ a b c Perez, Luis (February 16, 2003). "Working-Class Gem in Heart of City – East Flatbush's star is on the rise again". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  8. ^ a b c d e Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (2010). The Encyclopedia of New York City (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 391. ISBN 978-0-300-11465-2.
  9. ^ a b c d "Paerdegat Park: History". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  10. ^ "Brooklyn 'Forest' Is Site For Homes: Paerdegat Woods in Flatbush Section Giving Way to Trump's Project". The New York Times. May 19, 1940. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  11. ^ Vitullo-Martin, Julia (March 15, 2007). "A Once-Troubled Housing Complex Seeks Change". The New York Sun. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
  12. ^ Goodman, George W. (September 4, 1983). "Brooklyn Rehabilitation Draws Fire". The New York Times. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
  13. ^ a b c Newman, Andy; Brick, Michael (January 13, 2004). "A Long-Troubled Complex Hopes to Flourish Again". The New York Times. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
  14. ^ Buckley, Cara (December 11, 2010). "Violations and Lockout Mire Brooklyn Complex". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
  15. ^ Remnick, Noah (June 30, 2017). "Michael K. Williams Is More Than Omar From 'The Wire'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 6, 2021.
  16. ^ "Remsen Village". Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved March 9, 2019.
  17. ^ a b "Remsen Village neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York (NY), 11236, 11203, 11212, 11213 subdivision profile - real estate, apartments, condos, homes, community, population, jobs, income, streets". www.city-data.com.
  18. ^ a b Daniel J. Wakin; Anthony Ramirez (October 1, 2001). "Metro Briefing, Brooklyn - Girl Shot and Killed". The New York Times.
  19. ^ Derek Watkins; Alicia Parlapiano (April 20, 2016). "The New York City Neighborhoods That Love Each Candidate". The New York Times.
  20. ^ "Neighborhoods: The 'Sacred Sites'". The New York Times. April 30, 1995.
  21. ^ Michael Wilson; Ann Farmer (January 23, 2006). "Youth Killed Leaving Party in Brooklyn". The New York Times.
  22. ^ "Brooklyn Community Boards". Archived from the original on December 21, 2007. Retrieved December 31, 2007.
  23. ^ Lucas Peterson (November 11, 2016). "Want the 'Real' Brooklyn? Go Cheap". The New York Times.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "East Flatbush (Including East Flatbush, Eramus, Farragut, Northeast Flatbush, Remsen Village and Rugby)" (PDF). nyc.gov. NYC Health. 2018. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  25. ^ a b "2016-2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020" (PDF). nyc.gov. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. 2016. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
  26. ^ "New Yorkers are living longer, happier and healthier lives". New York Post. June 4, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
  27. ^ "Census profile:NYC-Brooklyn Community District 17--East Flatbush, Farragut & Rugby PUMA, NY". Census Reporter. July 22, 2018. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  28. ^ "American FactFinder - Community Facts". factfinder.census.gov. Archived from the original on February 12, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  29. ^ "Community Health Profiles: The Health of Flatbush, Brooklyn" Archived November 7, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, nyc.gov
  30. ^ Henke, Holger (2001). The West Indian Americans. ISBN 9780313310096.
  31. ^ "'Mike and Molly' Star Reno Wilson On His Caribbean Heritage". aol.on.
  32. ^ "Key Population & Housing Characteristics; 2020 Census Results for New York City" (PDF). New York City Department of City Planning. August 2021. pp. 21, 25, 29, 33. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
  33. ^ "Map: Race and ethnicity across the US". CNN. August 14, 2021. Retrieved November 7, 2021.
  34. ^ "Little Caribbean NYC". Little Caribbean NYC.
  35. ^ "Flatbush to Become City's First 'Little Caribbean' Neighborhood This Week". DNAinfo New York.
  36. ^ "Neighborhood Guide: Brooklyn's Little Caribbean". Garrett Leight.
  37. ^ "Little Haiti Bk | Home". www.littlehaitibk.org.
  38. ^ "Little Caribbean v Little Haiti - Not So Simple to Designate a Cultural Area in Flatbush". September 28, 2017.
  39. ^ "New York City Subway". MTA.
  40. ^ "NYPD Defends Challenge Coins Dubbing East Flatbush Fort Jah". August 30, 2020. Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  41. ^ "East Flatbush – DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report". www.dnainfo.com. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  42. ^ "67th Precinct CompStat Report" (PDF). Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  43. ^ Vitullo-Martin, Julia. "A Once-Troubled Housing Complex Seeks Change: Flatbush Gardens", The New York Sun, March 15, 2007. Accessed May 2, 2016. "A criminologist and professor of anthropology at John Jay College who produced a report on crime for the Brooklyn district attorney in 2003, Ric Curtis, said Vanderveer residents nicknamed the intersection of Foster and Nostrand avenues 'the Front Page' because the drug murders there often ended up on the front pages of local papers."
  44. ^ "Engine Company 310/Ladder Company 174". FDNYtrucks.com. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  45. ^ "FDNY Firehouse Listing – Location of Firehouses and companies". NYC Open Data; Socrata. New York City Fire Department. September 10, 2018. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
  46. ^ a b New York City Health Provider Partnership Brooklyn Community Needs Assessment: Final Report, New York Academy of Medicine (October 3, 2014).
  47. ^ "Subway Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. September 2021. Retrieved September 17, 2021.
  48. ^ "Brooklyn Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. October 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2020.
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  50. ^ "Rugby Library". Brooklyn Public Library. August 22, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  51. ^ Blau, Reuven; Sandoval, Gabriel (August 19, 2019). "Patrons at the Rugby branch are relegated to a trailer and frustrations rise over the city's longest ongoing library renovation project". THE CITY - NYC News. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  52. ^ Brachfeld, Ben (July 14, 2021). "Closed Since 2017, Rugby Library in East Flatbush Reopens After Long-Awaited Renovation". Brownstoner. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  53. ^ "East Flatbush Library". Brooklyn Public Library. August 19, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
  54. ^ Schillaci, Trevor (November 3, 2023). "LEVENBETTS design pleated aluminum facade for East Flatbush Library". The Architect’s Newspaper. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  55. ^ Ginsburg, Aaron (June 9, 2023). "East Flatbush's new library is light-filled and inviting". 6sqft. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  56. ^ Mooney, Jake. "Drum Roll for a Sign With a Reggae Beat", The New York Times, May 21, 2006. Accessed October 11, 2007. "On May 10, the City Council approved a plan to hang Bob Marley Boulevard signs beneath the Church Avenue ones along an eight-block section, from Remsen Avenue to East 98th Street."
  57. ^ Brooklyn Street Renamed Bob Marley Boulevard Archived October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, NY1. Accessed October 11, 2007.
  58. ^ "National Register of Historic Places – Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 4/27/09 Through 5/01/09". National Park Service. March 5, 2011.
  59. ^ Archdeacon, Tom. "Archdeacon: Hall-of-Fame bound Flyers legend Roosevelt Chapman trades in basketball for billiards", Dayton Daily News, May 17, 2019. Accessed April 6, 2021. "It would seem to be an unlikely kinship for a close-knit Midwestern fan base and a kid who came of age, he said, in a 'tough Hispanic/ black neighborhood' in the Bedford Stuyvesant area before moving to East Flatbush."
  60. ^ Pierre-Pierre, Garry. "At Home With Edwidge Danticat; Haitian Tales, Flatbush Scenes", The New York Times, January 26, 1995. Accessed April 6, 2021. "So Ms. Danticat (her name is pronounced ed-WEEDJ dahn-tee-CAH), the author of "Breath, Eyes, Memory," her first novel, which was published by Soho Press last spring and received respectful reviews, set small flowered, ceramic cups on a coffee table. She settled into a plastic-covered velour chair in the beige-carpeted living room of her parents' attached brick home in East Flatbush and explained that the cannelles, or cinnamon sticks, had been bought just blocks away, from Haitian street vendors."
  61. ^ "In Giuliani's Old Neighborhood, Skepticism". The New York Times. January 29, 2008. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  62. ^ Weber, Bruce. "50 Years Later, and Robinson Is Undimmed", The New York Times, April 15, 1997. Accessed April 6, 2021. "'The way he danced off third base became a metaphor for the struggle against injustice,' Mr. Glasser said, remembering that when he was growing up in East Flatbush it was Robinson, not Carl Furillo or Pee Wee Reese, that he and all of his friends would imitate in their sandlot ball games."
  63. ^ "High 'Wire' act". The Brooklyn Paper. January 5, 2008.
  64. ^ Josephs, Brian. "Jidenna Wants You to Know What Really Makes a Classic Man", Spin, February 23, 2017. Accessed April 6, 2021. "The scenes where he's staving off police officers and tutoring young men parallel those of his home community of East Flatbush, where neighborhood civilians handled mild controversies like car accidents before calling the police."
  65. ^ Tempey, Nathan. "Interview: Joey Badass Is Not Excited About Gentrification", Gothamist, June 6, 2015. Accessed April 6, 2021. "So you grew up in Bed-Stuy and East Flatbush and I was wondering how you've seen the neighborhoods change over the years since you were a kid."
  66. ^ Coleman, Brian. Check the Technique: Liner Notes for Hip-Hop Junkies, p. 257. Random House Publishing Group, 2009. ISBN 9780307494429. Accessed May 10, 2016. "But it was true: East Flatbush, Brooklyn's MC Lyte (Lana Moorer) had just roped in her learner's permit when she sagely opined about the woes of both crack and fickle male love."
  67. ^ Dewan, Shaila mmb K. 'Body Discovered in Brooklyn Is Identified as Hunter Student", The New York Times, May 13, 2003. Accessed October 11, 2007. "A body found wrapped in a blanket behind a boarded-up house on Saturday was identified by the police yesterday as that of Ramona Moore, a 21-year-old Hunter College student who lived at home with her parents in East Flatbush, Brooklyn, until she disappeared in April."
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  69. ^ Smith, Rachel Holliday. "Hearing Dates Set for Trials of Bobby Shmurda and Rowdy Rebel" Archived June 11, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, DNAinfo.com, April 22, 2015. Accessed May 10, 2016. "A Manhattan judge set hearing dates for the trials of rappers Bobby Shmurda and Rowdy Rebel, who were indicted in December on gun, drug and shooting charges in connection to an East Flatbush gang."
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  71. ^ Calhoun, Ada. "Bobby Shmurda Speaks Out About His Gang-Related Charges: 'That Shit Is Bullshit'", Billboard (magazine), February 13, 2015. Accessed May 10, 2016. "Today he was just another young man before the judge, one of 13 reputed members of the East Flatbush, Brooklyn, alleged gang GS9 ("God's Sons") to have his case called."
  72. ^ Brinn, David. "Taking a Shyne to Judaism", The Jerusalem Post, November 12, 2010. Accessed May 10, 2016. "Later the family moved to East Flatbush, where Shyne's mother cleaned houses and took care of children to make ends meet."
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  74. ^ "Michael K. Williams: My Brooklyn". New York Post. October 20, 2013.
  75. ^ "Michael K. Williams Talks "Snitch," Life After "The Wire" & Acting Advice From 2 Pac". Vibe. February 22, 2013.
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