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{{User sandbox}} |
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{{short description|none}} |
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{{use dmy dates|date=November 2020}} |
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{{Infobox election |
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| country = Germany |
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| type = parliamentary |
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| previous_election = 2017 German federal election |
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| previous_year = 2017 |
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| election_date = {{start date|df=yes|2021|09|26}} |
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| next_election = Next German federal election |
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| next_year = ''Next'' |
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| outgoing_members = List of members of the 19th Bundestag |
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| elected_members = List of members of the 20th Bundestag |
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| seats_for_election = All 100 seats in the [[Kentucky House of Representatives|House of Representatives]] |
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| majority_seats = 51 |
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| opinion_polls = Opinion polling for the 2021 German federal election |
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| registered = 61,181,072 {{decrease}} 0.8% |
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| turnout = 46,854,508 (76.6%) {{increase}} 0.4[[percentage point|pp]] |
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| image1 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Beshear2021.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=160}} |
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| candidate1 = [[Andy Beshear]] |
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| party1 = Social Democratic Party of Germany |
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| last_election1 = 32.5%, 35 seats |
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| seats1 = '''38''' |
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| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 3 |
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| percentage1 = '''37.1%''' |
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| swing1 = {{increase}} 4.6pp |
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| image2 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Matt Bevin by Gage Skidmore.jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=160}} |
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| candidate2 = [[Matt Bevin]] |
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| party2 = Christian Democratic Union of Germany |
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| last_election2 = 38.9%, 41 seats |
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| seats2 = 30 |
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| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 11 |
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| percentage2 = 29.1% |
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| swing2 = {{decrease}} 9.8pp |
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| image3 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Kelly Knight Craft (cropped).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=160}} |
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| candidate3 = [[Kelly Craft]] |
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| party3 = Alternative for Germany |
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| last_election3 = 12.1%, 13 seats |
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| seats3 = 18 |
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| seat_change3 = {{increase}} 5 |
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| percentage3 = 17.3% |
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| swing3 = {{increase}} 5.2pp |
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<!-- FDP -->| image4 = {{CSS image crop|Image=|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=160}} |
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| candidate4 = [[Greg Fischer]] |
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| party4 = Free Democratic Party (Germany) |
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| last_election4 = 5.7%, 6 seats |
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| seats4 = 8 |
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| seat_change4 = {{increase}} 2 |
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| percentage4 = 7.4 |
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| swing4 = {{increase}} 1.7pp |
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<!-- Green -->| image5 = {{CSS image crop|Image=Adam Edelen Wiki (cropped).jpg|bSize=120|cWidth=120|cHeight=160}} |
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| candidate5 = [[Adam Edelen]] |
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| party5 = Alliance 90/The Greens |
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| last_election5 = 5.2%, 5 seats |
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| seats5 = 6 |
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| seat_change5 = {{increase}} 1 |
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| percentage5 = 5.9% |
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| swing5 = {{increase}} 0.7pp |
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<!-- Linke -->| title = [[Cabinet of Germany|Government]] |
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| before_election = [[Fourth Merkel cabinet]] |
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| before_party = [[CDU/CSU]]–[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] |
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| posttitle = Government after election |
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| after_election = [[Scholz cabinet]] |
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| after_party = [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]]–[[Alliance 90/The Greens|Green]]–[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] |
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| party_colour = yes |
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}} |
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{{politics of Germany}} |
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{{2021 German federal election series}} |
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[[Federal elections in Germany|Federal elections]] were held in [[Germany]] on 26 September 2021 to elect the members of the [[List of members of the 20th Bundestag|20th]] [[Bundestag]]. [[States of Germany|State]] elections in [[2021 Berlin state election|Berlin]] and [[2021 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern state election|Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] were also held. Incumbent chancellor [[Angela Merkel]], first elected in [[2005 German federal election|2005]], chose not to run again, marking the first time that an incumbent [[Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany]] has not sought re-election. |
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With 25.7% of total votes, the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (SPD) recorded their best result since 2005, and emerged as the largest party for the first time since [[2002 German federal election|2002]]. The ruling [[CDU/CSU]], which had led a [[Grand coalition (Germany)|grand coalition]] with the SPD since [[2013 German federal election|2013]], recorded their worst ever result with 24.1%, a significant decline from 32.9% in [[2017 German federal election|2017]]. [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] achieved their best result in history at 14.8%, while the [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] (FDP) made small gains and finished on 11.5%. The [[Alternative for Germany]] (AfD) fell from third to fifth place with 10.3%, a decline of 2.3 percentage points. [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]] suffered their worst showing since their official formation in 2007, failing to cross the 5% [[electoral threshold]] by just over one-tenth of a percentage point. The party was nonetheless entitled to full proportional representation, as it won three [[List of Bundestag constituencies|direct constituencies]]. |
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With a fifth [[Grand coalition (Germany)|grand coalition]] being dismissed by both the CDU/CSU and the SPD, the FDP and the Greens were considered [[kingmakers]]. On 23 November, following complex [[German governing coalition|coalition]] talks, the SPD, FDP and Greens formalized an agreement to form a [[traffic light coalition]], which was approved by all three parties. [[Olaf Scholz]] and [[Scholz cabinet|his cabinet]] were elected by the Bundestag on 8 December. |
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== Background == |
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=== 2017 federal election and government formation === |
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{{main|2017 German federal election}} |
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The 2017 federal election was held after a four-year [[Grand coalition (Germany)|grand coalition]] between the [[CDU/CSU]] and the [[SPD]]. Though the CDU/CSU remained the biggest parliamentary group, both it and the SPD suffered significant losses. The SPD leadership, recognising the party's unsatisfactory performance after four years in government, announced that it would go into opposition.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 September 2017 |title=Die SPD geht in die Opposition – Schulz bleibt Parteichef |newspaper=Die Zeit |url=http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2017-09/spd-geht-in-die-opposition |url-status=live |access-date=26 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712003037/https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2017-09/spd-geht-in-die-opposition |archive-date=12 July 2018}}</ref> With the CDU/CSU having pledged not to work with either the [[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] or [[The Left (Germany)|The Left]] before the federal election, the only remaining option for a majority government was a [[Jamaica coalition (politics)|Jamaica coalition]] consisting of the CDU/CSU, [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]], and [[Alliance 90/The Greens|the Greens]].<ref>{{cite news |date=24 September 2017 |title=Kommt jetzt Jamaika? |newspaper=Die Zeit |url=http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2017-09/bundestagswahl-2017-live |url-status=live |access-date=26 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211111557/http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2017-09/bundestagswahl-2017-live |archive-date=11 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=9 October 2017 |title=Sondierungsgespräche beginnen kommende Woche |work=Zeit Online |agency=Deutsche Presse-Agentur, Agence France-Presse |url=http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2017-10/union-sondierungsgespraeche-cdu-csu-obergrenze |url-status=live |access-date=20 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711224050/https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2017-10/union-sondierungsgespraeche-cdu-csu-obergrenze |archive-date=11 July 2018}}</ref> Exploratory talks between the parties were held over the next six weeks, though the FDP withdrew from the negotiations on 20 November, citing irreconcilable differences between the parties on migration and energy policies.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 November 2017 |title=Endspurt mit strittigen Themen |publisher=tagesschau |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/jamaika-klima-migration-101.html |url-status=live |access-date=20 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111043756/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/jamaika-klima-migration-101.html |archive-date=11 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=20 November 2017 |title=FDP bricht Jamaika-Sondierungen ab |publisher=tagesschau |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/fdp-sondierungen-abbruch-103.html |url-status=live |access-date=20 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171120001225/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/fdp-sondierungen-abbruch-103.html |archive-date=20 November 2017}}</ref> Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]] consulted with President [[Frank-Walter Steinmeier]], who implored all parties to reconsider in order to avoid fresh elections.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 November 2017 |title=Steinmeier fordert Gesprächsbereitschaft |publisher=tagesschau |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/steinmeier-jamaika-abbruch-101.html |url-status=live |access-date=20 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822041034/http://www.tagesschau.de/inland/steinmeier-jamaika-abbruch-101.html |archive-date=22 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=21 November 2017 |title=Steinmeiers Mission Impossible |publisher=tagesschau |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/jamaika-169.html |url-status=live |access-date=21 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820220842/http://www.tagesschau.de/inland/jamaika-169.html |archive-date=20 August 2018}}</ref> |
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The SPD and their leader [[Martin Schulz]] indicated their willingness to enter into discussions for another coalition government with the CDU/CSU.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 November 2017 |title=Bundespräsident lädt Chefs von Union und SPD ein |publisher=Spiegel Online |url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/frank-walter-steinmeier-laedt-angela-merkel-martin-schulz-und-horst-seehofer-ein-a-1180119.html |url-status=live |access-date=25 November 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109031106/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/frank-walter-steinmeier-laedt-angela-merkel-martin-schulz-und-horst-seehofer-ein-a-1180119.html |archive-date=9 November 2020}}</ref> The SPD leadership voted to enter into exploratory discussion on 15 December 2017<ref>{{cite news |date=15 December 2017 |title=Sondierungen ab Januar |publisher=tagesschau |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/spd-sondierungen-101.html |url-status=live |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212125504/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/spd-sondierungen-101.html |archive-date=12 December 2018}}</ref> and at a party congress in January 2018 a majority of the party's delegates voted to support the coalition talks.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 January 2018 |title=Abstimmung muss ausgezählt werden |work=Zeit Online |agency=Deutsche Presse-Agentur, Agence France-Presse, Reuters |url=http://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2018-01/spd-parteitag-martin-schulz-bonn-live |url-status=live |access-date=21 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224224752/https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2018-01/spd-parteitag-martin-schulz-bonn-live |archive-date=24 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Schulte |first=Markus C. |date=19 January 2018 |title=Wie die SPD-Landesverbände zur großen Koalition stehen |work=Süddeutsche Zeitung |url=http://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/groko-spd-sonderparteitag-landesverbaende-1.3832477 |url-status=live |access-date=20 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191216111502/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/groko-spd-sonderparteitag-landesverbaende-1.3832477 |archive-date=16 December 2019}}</ref> The text of the final agreement was agreed to by the CDU/CSU and the SPD on 7 February, though was conditioned on the approval of a majority of the SPD's party membership.<ref>{{cite news |date=7 February 2018 |title=Der Koalitionsvertrag steht |publisher=tagesschau |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/groko-einigung-103.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207133644/http://www.tagesschau.de/inland/groko-einigung-103.html |archive-date=7 February 2018}}</ref> The 463,723 members of the SPD [[SPD party member vote on the 2018 coalition agreement of Germany|voted to approve or reject the deal]] from 20 February to 2 March,<ref>{{cite news |date=7 February 2018 |title=Union und SPD einigen sich auf Koalitionsvertrag |newspaper=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/nachtsitzung-erfolgreich-durchbruch-bei-koalitionsverhandlungen-von-union-und-spd-15436650.html |url-status=live |access-date=7 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112030916/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/nachtsitzung-erfolgreich-durchbruch-bei-koalitionsverhandlungen-von-union-und-spd-15436650.html |archive-date=12 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=7 February 2018 |title=SPD-Mitgliederentscheid vom 20. Februar bis 2. März |work=Zeit Online |agency=Deutsche Presse-Agentur |url=http://www.zeit.de/news/2018-02/07/spd-mitgliederentscheid-vom-20-februar-bis-2-maerz-180207-99-975259 |url-status=live |access-date=13 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214094820/http://www.zeit.de/news/2018-02/07/spd-mitgliederentscheid-vom-20-februar-bis-2-maerz-180207-99-975259 |archive-date=14 February 2018}}</ref> with the result announced on 4 March. A total of 78.39% of members cast valid votes, of which 66.02% voted in favor of another grand coalition.<ref>{{cite news |date=4 March 2018 |title=SPD-Mitglieder stimmen für große Koalition |newspaper=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/spd-mitglieder-stimmen-fuer-grosse-koalition-15477409.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109013902/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/spd-mitglieder-stimmen-fuer-grosse-koalition-15477409.html |archive-date=9 November 2020}}</ref> Merkel was voted in by the Bundestag for a fourth term as chancellor on 14 March, with 364 votes for, 315 against, 9 abstentions, and 4 invalid votes, just 9 more votes than the 355 needed for a majority.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 March 2018 |title=Angela Merkel zum vierten Mal zur Kanzlerin gewählt |publisher=RP Online |agency=Deutsche Presse-Agentur |url=http://www.rp-online.de/politik/deutschland/angela-merkel-zum-vierten-mal-zur-bundeskanzlerin-2018-gewaehlt-aid-1.7454927 |url-status=live |access-date=14 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422212944/http://www.rp-online.de/politik/deutschland/angela-merkel-zum-vierten-mal-zur-bundeskanzlerin-2018-gewaehlt-aid-1.7454927 |archive-date=22 April 2018}}</ref> The new government was officially referred to as the [[Fourth Merkel cabinet]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Scally |first=Derek |date=9 March 2018 |title=Merkel's fourth cabinet finally complete |work=The Irish Times |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/merkel-s-fourth-cabinet-finally-complete-1.3421397 |url-status=live |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928180139/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/merkel-s-fourth-cabinet-finally-complete-1.3421397 |archive-date=28 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Carrel |first1=Paul |last2=Thomasson |first2=Emma |date=27 September 2021 |title=Pledging stability, German SPD seeks three-way alliance to succeed Merkel |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/german-spd-seeks-allies-replace-merkel-led-coalition-2021-09-27/ |url-status=live |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927202810/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/german-spd-seeks-allies-replace-merkel-led-coalition-2021-09-27/ |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> |
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=== Party leadership changes and political instability === |
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Merkel's final government was subject to intense instability. The [[2018 German government crisis]] saw the longstanding alliance between the CDU and CSU threaten to split over [[asylum seeker]] policy. Interior Minister and CSU leader [[Horst Seehofer]] threatened to undercut Merkel's authority by closing German borders for asylum seekers registered in another [[European Union]] (EU) country. The split, eventually repaired following a summit with EU countries, threatened to bring down the government.<ref>{{cite journal |date=9 July 2018 |title=Immigration deal saves German government, points to European future |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2018/0709/Immigration-deal-saves-German-government-points-to-European-future |url-status=live |journal=Christian Science Monitor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109032959/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2018/0709/Immigration-deal-saves-German-government-points-to-European-future |archive-date=9 November 2020 |access-date=31 July 2018}}</ref> Following his party's historically low result in the [[2018 Bavarian state election]], Seehofer was replaced as CSU leader by new Bavarian Minister-President [[Markus Söder]] at a party conference in January 2019, while he retained his position as Interior Minister in the Fourth Merkel cabinet.<ref>{{cite news |last=Poltz |first=Joern |date=19 January 2019 |title=Leader of Bavarian CSU promises new start with Merkel's party |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-politics-csu/leader-of-bavarian-csu-promises-new-start-with-merkels-party-idUSKCN1PD0G2 |access-date=4 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108001507/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-politics-csu/leader-of-bavarian-csu-promises-new-start-with-merkels-party-idUSKCN1PD0G2 |archive-date=8 November 2020}}</ref> |
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In October 2018, Merkel announced that she would resign as leader of the CDU at the party's conference in December 2018 and step down as [[Chancellor of Germany]] at the forthcoming election, following poor results at state elections for the CSU in Bavaria and for the CDU in [[2018 Hessian state election|Hesse]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Le Blond |first=Josie |date=29 October 2018 |title=German chancellor Angela Merkel will not seek re-election in 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/29/angela-merkel-wont-seek-re-election-as-cdu-party-leader |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201217163832/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/29/angela-merkel-wont-seek-re-election-as-cdu-party-leader |archive-date=17 December 2020 |access-date=29 October 2018 |website=the Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Moulson |first1=Geir |last2=Rising |first2=David |date=29 October 2018 |title=Angela Merkel won't seek 5th term as German chancellor |agency=Associated Press |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/merkels-coalition-mulls-implications-german-state-vote-58820813 |url-status=dead |access-date=29 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181029113821/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/merkels-coalition-mulls-implications-german-state-vote-58820813 |archive-date=29 October 2018 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Merkel's allegedly preferred candidate for the party leadership, [[Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer]], narrowly defeated [[Friedrich Merz]], who had been a rival of Merkel around 2002 and had left politics in 2009 criticising her decisions and leadership.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 December 2018 |title=Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer elected to succeed Merkel as CDU leader |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/annegret-kramp-karrenbauer-elected-to-succeed-merkel-as-cdu-leader/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110125654/https://www.politico.eu/article/annegret-kramp-karrenbauer-elected-to-succeed-merkel-as-cdu-leader/ |archive-date=10 January 2021 |access-date=4 October 2021 |website=Politico}}</ref> Kramp-Karrenbauer struggled to unify the party's liberal and conservative factions, and in February 2020, when she failed to lead the Thuringia state CDU towards a solution of the [[2020 Thuringian government crisis|government crisis]] there, she announced her intention to withdraw her interest in running as the CDU nominee for chancellor at the election and step down as party leader.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 February 2020 |title=Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer to quit as CDU leader amid far-right 'firewall' row |url=https://theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/10/annegret-kramp-karrenbauer-to-quit-as-cdu-leader-amid-far-right-firewall-row |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109135840/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/10/annegret-kramp-karrenbauer-to-quit-as-cdu-leader-amid-far-right-firewall-row |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=11 February 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> A party convention to elect a new leader was scheduled for April but was repeatedly delayed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in Germany|COVID-19 pandemic]]. [[2021 Christian Democratic Union of Germany leadership election|The election]] was held in January 2021, with [[Armin Laschet]], incumbent Minister-President of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], winning with 52.8% of delegate votes. Merz was his main opponent at 47.2%.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2021 |title=Pragmatic governor Laschet elected to lead Merkel's party |url=https://apnews.com/article/angela-merkel-national-elections-coronavirus-pandemic-elections-germany-2be065e51c2eb729d8b7b5ba8f23f183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125140517/https://apnews.com/article/angela-merkel-national-elections-coronavirus-pandemic-elections-germany-2be065e51c2eb729d8b7b5ba8f23f183 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=16 January 2021 |publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> |
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The other party in the coalition government, the SPD, also had leadership instability. Following their worst general election result since 1945, at the beginning of the new government the party elected [[Andrea Nahles]] as their leader in April 2018. Nahles had already been elected leader of the SPD parliamentary group after the federal election in September when the party still planned to go into opposition.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2018-04-22 |title=Parteitag: Nahles mit 66 Prozent zur SPD-Chefin gewählt |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/nahles-spd-103.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180422155124/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/nahles-spd-103.html |archive-date=2018-04-22 |access-date=2020-11-23 |website=tagesschau.de |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schwartz |first=Madeleine |date=2018-04-22 |title=Andrea Nahles: German SPD's last hope |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/andrea-nahles-spd-germany-last-hope/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030201831/https://www.politico.eu/article/andrea-nahles-spd-germany-last-hope/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=2020-11-23 |website=POLITICO |language=en-US}}</ref> She was unsuccessful in improving the party's stock with the electorate as it continued to slide in opinion polls and was for the first time in history well beaten by the centre-left party [[Alliance 90/The Greens]] at the [[2019 European Parliament election in Germany|2019 European Parliament election]]. She resigned on 2 June 2019, precipitating a [[2019 Social Democratic Party of Germany leadership election|leadership election]] for the SPD.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 June 2019 |title=German SPD leader Nahles quits as party's popularity hits low |url=https://news.yahoo.com/germanys-spd-leader-andrea-nahles-081557066.html |url-status=live |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108002722/https://news.yahoo.com/germanys-spd-leader-andrea-nahles-081557066.html |archive-date=8 November 2020}}</ref> Progressive candidates [[Norbert Walter-Borjans]] and [[Saskia Esken]] defeated the more moderate candidates [[Olaf Scholz]] and [[Klara Geywitz]], and were elected co-leaders by the party's membership. Their election raised prospects of the coalition government collapsing and early elections being called, although [[Reuters]] reported that the duo would seek to achieve agreement from the CDU/CSU on increasing public spending rather than allow the government to collapse.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=New SPD leaders pull back from sinking German coalition |url=https://reuters.com/article/us-germany-politics-spd/new-spd-leaders-pull-back-from-sinking-german-coalition-idUSKBN1Y722P |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200408072912/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-politics-spd/new-spd-leaders-pull-back-from-sinking-german-coalition-idUSKBN1Y722P |archive-date=8 April 2020 |access-date=11 February 2020 |work=Reuters}}</ref> In August 2020, the party appointed Merkel's deputy [[Vice-Chancellor of Germany|Vice-Chancellor]] Scholz as its candidate for chancellor at the election, despite him having lost to Walter-Borjans and Esken in the party leadership election.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 August 2020 |title=Germany: SPD confirms Olaf Scholz to run for chancellor |url=https://www.dw.com/en/olaf-scholz-chancellor-candidate/a-54508463 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204030604/https://www.dw.com/en/olaf-scholz-chancellor-candidate/a-54508463 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=dw.com}}</ref> |
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[[Cem Özdemir]] and [[Simone Peter]] stood down as co-leaders of the Greens after the failed Jamaica negotiations, and [[Annalena Baerbock]] and [[Robert Habeck]] were elected as their successors in January 2018. Dissatisfaction with the SPD and the federal government saw a rise in Greens' polling numbers throughout 2018. They scored record results in the [[2018 Bavarian state election|Bavarian]] and [[2018 Hessian state election|Hessian]] state elections in October and subsequently surpassed the SPD in public opinion, settling in second behind the CDU/CSU for the next three years. The party had its best ever showings at the 2019 European Parliament election, [[2020 Hamburg state election]], and [[2021 Baden-Württemberg state election]]. They briefly polled in first place during two brief periods, first after the 2019 European Parliament election and again after the nomination of chancellor candidates in April 2021.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 June 2019 |title=Germany's Greens shoot into first place in poll, overtaking Merkel's conservatives |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-politics-poll-idUSKCN1T23F7 |url-status=live |access-date=2 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601230538/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-politics-poll-idUSKCN1T23F7 |archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref> |
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[[The Left (Germany)|The Left]] also underwent a change in leadership, with [[Katja Kipping]] and [[Bernd Riexinger]] stepping down after nine years as party co-leaders. They were succeeded by [[Janine Wissler]] and [[Susanne Hennig-Wellsow]] at a party conference held digitally on 27 February 2021. Wissler is considered a member of the party's left wing, formerly aligned with the [[Socialist Left (Germany)|Socialist Left]] faction, while Hennig-Wellsow is considered a moderate and part of the party's pragmatic wing. Both support their party's participation in federal government, particularly Hennig-Wellsow, who played a major role in the [[red–red–green coalition]] government of The Left, the SPD, and the Greens in the state of [[Thuringia]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lehmann |first1=Timo |last2=Röhlig |first2=Marc |date=27 February 2021 |title=Left and loud |newspaper=[[Der Spiegel]] |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/die-linke-vorstand-das-sind-janine-wissler-und-susanne-hennig-wellsow-a-7e6ed86d-4e58-42cc-90db-d5c5279d0fe3 |url-status=live |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227120134/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/die-linke-vorstand-das-sind-janine-wissler-und-susanne-hennig-wellsow-a-7e6ed86d-4e58-42cc-90db-d5c5279d0fe3 |archive-date=27 February 2021}}</ref> |
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== Electoral system == |
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{{further|Elections in Germany|Politics of Germany}} |
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Germany uses the [[mixed-member proportional representation]] system, a system of [[proportional representation]] combined with elements of [[first-past-the-post voting]]. The Bundestag has 598 nominal members, elected for a four-year term; these seats are distributed between the sixteen German states in proportion to the states' number of eligible voters.<ref name="system">{{cite web |author1=Martin Fehndrich |author2=Wilko Zicht |author3=Matthias Cantow |date=22 September 2017 |title=Wahlsystem der Bundestagswahl |url=http://www.wahlrecht.de/bundestag/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014159/http://www.wahlrecht.de/bundestag/index.htm |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=26 September 2017 |publisher=Wahlrecht.de}}</ref> |
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Each voter can cast two votes: a constituency vote (first vote) and a party list vote (second vote). Based solely on the first votes, 299 members are elected in [[Single-member constituency|single-member constituencies]] by first-past-the-post voting. The second votes are used to produce a proportional number of seats for parties, first in the states, and then in the Bundestag. Seats are allocated using the [[Sainte-Laguë method]]. If a party wins fewer constituency seats in a state than its second votes would entitle it to, it receives additional seats from the relevant state list. Parties can file lists in every single state under certain conditions, such as a fixed number of supporting signatures. Parties can receive second votes only in those states in which they have filed a state list.<ref name="system" /> If a party, by winning single-member constituencies in one state, receives more seats than it would be entitled to according to its second vote share in that state, the excess seats become known as [[overhang seats]]; to avoid [[negative vote weight]], those overhang seats are compensated for in the other states, restoring proportionality according to second votes cast nationwide.<ref name="system" /> |
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To qualify for proportional seat distribution, a party must receive more second votes nationwide than the [[electoral threshold]] of 5%. This requirement is waived for parties winning at least three single-member constituencies.{{efn|Parties winning one or two single-member constituencies retain those single-member constituency seats but do not win any proportional seats. This has happened in the [[2002 German federal election]], where the [[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|PDS]] won two single-member constituencies in the state of Berlin, while failing the electoral threshold with 4.0% of second votes received. Subsequently, the party was represented with two seats in the 15th Bundestag.}} As result of this waiver,{{efn|In the [[1949 West German federal election]], the threshold and waiver applied on a statewide level. In the [[1953 West German federal election]], only one single-member constituency was required for the waiver, benefiting the [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]] and the [[German Party (1947)|German Party]].}} parties have benefited on three occasions, such as the [[German Party (1947)|DP]] in the [[1957 West German federal election]] and the [[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|PDS]] in the [[1994 German federal election]]. Parties representing recognized national minorities are exempt from the electoral threshold. As of 2021, these minorities are the [[Danish minority of Southern Schleswig|Danish]], [[Frisians]], [[Sorbs]], and [[Romani people]].<ref name="system" /><ref name="Background information for the 2021 Bundestag Election: parties representing national minorities - The Federal Returning Officer">{{cite web |date=16 July 2021 |title=Background information for the 2021 Bundestag Election: parties representing national minorities |url=https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/info/presse/mitteilungen/bundestagswahl-2021/16_21_parteien-nationaler-minderheiten.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829104013/https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/info/presse/mitteilungen/bundestagswahl-2021/16_21_parteien-nationaler-minderheiten.html |archive-date=29 August 2021 |access-date=31 August 2021 |website=[[Federal Returning Officer]]}}</ref> |
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=== Date assignment process === |
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The [[Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]] and the Federal Election Act provides that federal elections must be held on a Sunday or on a federal holiday{{efn|In Germany, many holidays are determined on state level and therefore do not apply for all Germans. Federal holidays are [[New Year's Day]], [[Good Friday]], [[Easter Monday]], [[Labour Day]], [[Ascension Day]], [[Whit Monday]], [[German Unity Day]], First [[Christmas Day]], and Second Christmas Day ([[Boxing Day]]).}} no earlier than 46 and no later than 48 months after the first sitting of the preceding session, unless a [[Snap election in Germany|snap election]] is called or a [[state of defence]] is declared.<ref name="date-1">{{cite web |title=Wahl zum 19. Deutschen Bundestag am 24. September 2017 |url=https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/bundestagswahlen/2017.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108095220/https://bundeswahlleiter.de/bundestagswahlen/2017.html |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=26 September 2017 |publisher=Der Bundeswahlleiter}}</ref> Under this rule, the 2021 federal election had to take place on a Sunday between 29 August and 24 October (inclusive), as the previous 19th Bundestag had held its first sitting on 24 October 2017.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 October 2017 |title=Neu gewählter Bundestag tritt am 24. Oktober erstmals zusammen |url=https://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2017/kw40-konstituierende-sitzung/527140 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008153331/http://www.bundestag.de/dokumente/textarchiv/2017/kw40-konstituierende-sitzung/527140 |archive-date=8 October 2017 |access-date=8 October 2017 |publisher=Deutscher Bundestag}}</ref> The [[President of Germany]] sets the exact date for the election.<ref>{{cite web |title=§ 16 BWahlG - Einzelnorm |url=https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/__16.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117162229/https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/__16.html |archive-date=17 November 2020 |access-date=24 April 2019 |website=gesetze-im-internet.de}}</ref> On 9 December 2020, President [[Frank-Walter Steinmeier]] ordered the election to be held on 26 September 2021.<ref>{{cite web |title=www.bundespraesident.de: Der Bundespräsident / Pressemitteilungen / Bundespräsident Steinmeier fertigt Anordnung über Bundestagswahl aus |url=https://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2020/12/201209-Bundestagswahl.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125215903/https://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Pressemitteilungen/DE/2020/12/201209-Bundestagswahl.html |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=14 January 2021 |website=www.bundespraesident.de}}</ref> |
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=== Observers and false claims of voter fraud === |
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For the fourth time since [[2009 German federal election|2009]], the 2021 federal election was observed by [[OSCE]],<ref>{{cite web |date=5 September 2021 |title=Well-run election? |url=https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/politics/election-in-germany-osce-observers-will-be-there |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930151853/https://www.deutschland.de/en/topic/politics/election-in-germany-osce-observers-will-be-there |archive-date=30 September 2021 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=Deutschland.de}}</ref> providing four experts from three OSCE states.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 September 2021 |title=Parliamentary Elections, 26 September 2021 |url=https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/germany/493561 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930075501/https://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/germany/493561 |archive-date=30 September 2021 |access-date=30 September 2021 |publisher=OSCE}}</ref> |
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The [[Center for Monitoring, Analysis and Strategy]] (CeMAS) found that false claims of voter fraud had become commonplace on [[Telegram (software)|Telegram]] in Germany, with accusations against [[Dominion Voting Systems]] being common despite the company's technology not being used in German elections. CeMAS researcher Miro Dittrich said, "We have seen far-right actors try to claim election fraud since at least 2016, but it didn't take off. When [[Donald Trump|Trump]] started telling the '[[Big lie#Donald Trump's false claims of a stolen election|big lie]],' it became a big issue in Germany, sometimes bigger than the pandemic, because [[German far-right|far-right groups]] and the [[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] are carefully monitoring the success Trump is having with this narrative."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Stanley-Becker |first=Isaac |date=September 25, 2021 |title=Election fraud, QAnon, Jan. 6: Far-right extremists in Germany read from a pro-Trump script |language=en-US |work=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/09/25/german-election-far-right-trump/ |access-date=2022-11-23 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref> |
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== Political parties and candidates == |
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{{main|Candidates of the 2021 German federal election}} |
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{{see also|List of political parties in Germany}} |
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The table below lists the parliamentary groups of the 19th [[Bundestag]]. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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! colspan="4" rowspan="2" |Name |
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! rowspan="2" |Ideology |
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! rowspan="2" |Leading<br />candidate(s) |
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! rowspan="2" |Leader(s) |
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! colspan="2" |2017 result |
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|- |
|- |
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! rowspan="2" |Polling organisation |
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!{{nowrap|Votes (%)}} |
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! rowspan="2" |Last date of polling |
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!Seats |
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! rowspan="2" |Source |
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! rowspan="2" |Sample size |
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! rowspan="2" |{{tooltip|2=Margin of Error|MoE}} |
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! [[Coalition Avenir Québec|CAQ]] |
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! [[Québec solidaire|QS]] |
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! [[Parti Québécois|PQ]] |
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! [[Quebec Liberal Party|PLQ]] |
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! [[Conservative Party of Quebec|PCQ]] |
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! style="width:60px;" rowspan="2" |Other |
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! style="width:60px;" rowspan="2" |Lead |
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|- class="sorttop" |
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! style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|CAQ}}; width:60px;" | |
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! style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|QS}}; width:60px;" | |
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! style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|PQ}}; width:60px;" | |
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! style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|Liberal}}; width:60px;" | |
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! style="background-color:#313E6B; width:60px;" | |
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|- |
|- |
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|[[Léger (company)|Leger]] |
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| rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}};" | |
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|December 4, 2023 |
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| rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |'''CDU/CSU''' |
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|[https://leger360.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Rapport-politique-Decembre-2023-pour-publication.pdf PDF] |
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| style="text-align:center;" |'''CDU''' |
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|1,040 |
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|{{Nowrap|[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]]<br />{{small|''Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands''}}}} |
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|±3.04% |
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| rowspan="2" |[[Christian democracy]] |
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|25 |
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| rowspan="2" |[[Armin Laschet]] |
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|17 |
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|Armin Laschet |
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| style=" |
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|PQ}}" |'''31''' |
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|14 |
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| rowspan="2" |{{Composition bar|246|709|{{party color|CDU/CSU}}}} |
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| |
|11 |
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| style="text-align:center;" |'''CSU''' |
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|[[Christian Social Union in Bavaria]]<br />{{small|''Christlich-Soziale Union in Bayern''}} |
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|[[Markus Söder]] |
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| style="text-align:center;" |6.2%{{efn|CSU received 38.8% in Bavaria. It only fields candidates in Bavaria, where the CDU does not field candidates.}} |
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|- |
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| style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" | |
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| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |'''SPD''' |
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|[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]]<br />{{small|''Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands''}} |
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|[[Social democracy]] |
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|[[Olaf Scholz]] |
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|[[Saskia Esken]]<br />[[Norbert Walter-Borjans]] |
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| style="text-align:center;" |20.5% |
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|{{Composition bar|153|709|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}}} |
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|- |
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| style="background:{{party color|Alternative for Germany}};" | |
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| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |'''AfD''' |
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|[[Alternative for Germany]]<br />{{small|''Alternative für Deutschland''}} |
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|[[Right-wing populism]] |
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|[[Alice Weidel]]<br />[[Tino Chrupalla]] |
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|[[Jörg Meuthen]]<br />Tino Chrupalla |
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| style="text-align:center;" |12.6% |
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|{{Composition bar|94|709|{{party color|Alternative for Germany}}}} |
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|- |
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| style="background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};" | |
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| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |'''FDP''' |
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|[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]]<br />{{small|''Freie Demokratische Partei''}} |
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|[[Classical liberalism]] |
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|[[Christian Lindner]] |
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|Christian Lindner |
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| style="text-align:center;" |10.7% |
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|{{Composition bar|80|709|{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}}} |
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|- |
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| style="background:{{party color|The Left (Germany)}};" | |
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| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |'''Linke''' |
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|[[The Left (Germany)|The Left]]<br />{{small|''Die Linke''}} |
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|{{nowrap|[[Democratic socialism]]}} |
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|[[Janine Wissler]]<br />[[Dietmar Bartsch]] |
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|Janine Wissler<br />{{nowrap|[[Susanne Hennig-Wellsow]]}} |
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| style="text-align:center;" |9.2% |
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|{{Composition bar|69|709|{{party color|The Left (Germany)}}}} |
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|- |
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| style="background:{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}};" | |
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| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |'''Grüne''' |
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|[[Alliance 90/The Greens]]<br />{{small|''Bündnis 90/Die Grünen''}} |
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|[[Green politics]] |
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|{{nowrap|[[Annalena Baerbock]]}}{{efn|name="Baerbock"}}<br />[[Robert Habeck]] |
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|Annalena Baerbock<br />Robert Habeck |
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| style="text-align:center;" |8.9% |
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|{{Composition bar|67|709|{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}}} |
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|} |
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=== Lead candidates === |
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After the election of [[List of Ministers-President of North Rhine-Westphalia|Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia]], Armin Laschet as federal CDU chairman in January 2021, he became the presumptive CDU nominee for the Union's joint chancellor candidacy. Laschet was challenged by [[List of Ministers-President of Bavaria|Minister-President of Bavaria]] Markus Söder of the CSU, who consistently polled well among voters and had been discussed as a potential candidate since mid-2020.<ref>{{cite web |date=28 February 2021 |title=What will Germany's foreign policy be after Angela Merkel? |url=https://www.dw.com/en/what-will-germanys-foreign-policy-be-after-angela-merkel/a-56722717 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301130526/https://www.dw.com/en/what-will-germanys-foreign-policy-be-after-angela-merkel/a-56722717 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=1 March 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> As the contest intensified in March/April 2021, Söder was backed by the CSU as well as some state and local CDU associations, while Laschet received the support of most of the CDU. The two men failed to come to an agreement by the given deadline of 19 April,<ref>{{cite web |date=19 April 2021 |title=Germany: CDU/CSU rivals unable to break impasse on Merkel's successor |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-cdu-csu-rivals-unable-to-break-impasse-on-merkels-successor/a-57250977 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419165232/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-cdu-csu-rivals-unable-to-break-impasse-on-merkels-successor/a-57250977 |archive-date=19 April 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> leading the federal CDU board to hold an impromptu meeting to break the deadlock. The board voted 31 to 9 in favour of Laschet.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 April 2021 |title=Germany: CDU party board backs Armin Laschet as chancellor candidate |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-cdu-party-board-backs-armin-laschet-as-chancellor-candidate/a-57258957 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420012636/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-cdu-party-board-backs-armin-laschet-as-chancellor-candidate/a-57258957 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> After the vote, Söder announced his support for Laschet as chancellor candidate.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 April 2021 |title=Germany: Markus Söder backs Armin Laschet for chancellor |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-markus-s%C3%B6der-backs-armin-laschet-for-chancellor/a-57261550 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420113235/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-markus-s%C3%B6der-backs-armin-laschet-for-chancellor/a-57261550 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |access-date=20 April 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> |
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On 10 August 2020, the SPD nominated incumbent [[Vice-Chancellor of Germany|Vice Chancellor]] and [[Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)|Finance Minister]] [[Olaf Scholz]] as their lead candidate for the election. Scholz, who served as [[Mayor of Hamburg]] from 2011 to 2018, unsuccessfully sought the SPD leadership in the [[2019 Social Democratic Party of Germany leadership election|2019 leadership election]].<ref>{{cite web |date=10 August 2020 |title=German Social Democrats pick finance minister Scholz as chancellor candidate |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-politics-scholz/german-social-democrats-pick-finance-minister-scholz-as-chancellor-candidate-idUSKCN2560TJ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108224517/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-politics-scholz/german-social-democrats-pick-finance-minister-scholz-as-chancellor-candidate-idUSKCN2560TJ |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=16 August 2020 |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Scholz was formally elected at a party conference on 8–9 May 2021, supported by 96% of delegates.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 May 2021 |title=SPD officially names Olaf Scholz as chancellor candidate |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-spd-officially-names-olaf-scholz-as-chancellor-candidate/a-57478537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510031348/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-spd-officially-names-olaf-scholz-as-chancellor-candidate/a-57478537 |archive-date=10 May 2021 |access-date=10 May 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> |
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The AfD's lead candidates were chosen via a membership vote held from 17 to 24 May 2021. The ticket of party co-chairman [[Tino Chrupalla]] and Bundestag co-leader [[Alice Weidel]] were elected with 71% of votes; they were opposed by the ticket of former [[German Air Force]] lieutenant-general Joachim Wundrak and MdB [[Joana Cotar]], who won 24%. 14,815 votes were cast, corresponding to a turnout of 48%.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 May 2021 |title=Weidel and Chrupalla elected top candidates for the AfD |language=de |website=[[Der Spiegel]] |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/afd-alice-weidel-und-tino-chrupalla-zu-spitzenkandidaten-fuer-die-bundestagswahl-gewaehlt-a-1bab108e-ab82-46e0-acc9-520b3c31751f |url-status=live |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525073628/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/afd-alice-weidel-und-tino-chrupalla-zu-spitzenkandidaten-fuer-die-bundestagswahl-gewaehlt-a-1bab108e-ab82-46e0-acc9-520b3c31751f |archive-date=25 May 2021}}</ref> |
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On 21 March 2021, the FDP association in North Rhine-Westphalia elected federal chairman [[Christian Lindner]] as top candidate for the party list in that state.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 March 2021 |title=FDP elects Lindner as the top candidate for the Bundestag |newspaper=[[Der Spiegel]] |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/nordrhein-westfalen-zieht-mit-lindner-als-spitzenkandidat-in-die-bundestagswahl-a-cea69fd2-b3d5-4fae-824b-4705bd2c10f6 |url-status=live |access-date=12 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412084514/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/nordrhein-westfalen-zieht-mit-lindner-als-spitzenkandidat-in-die-bundestagswahl-a-cea69fd2-b3d5-4fae-824b-4705bd2c10f6 |archive-date=12 April 2021}}</ref> He was re-elected as chairman on 14 May, winning 93% of votes with no opponent. The vote also served to confirm him as lead candidate for the federal election.<ref>{{cite news |date=14 May 2021 |title=Lindner re-elected as FDP leader with 93 percent |language=de |website=[[Der Tagesspiegel]] |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/digitaler-parteitag-der-liberalen-lindner-mit-93-prozent-als-fdp-chef-wiedergewaehlt/27192506.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515143900/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/digitaler-parteitag-der-liberalen-lindner-mit-93-prozent-als-fdp-chef-wiedergewaehlt/27192506.html |archive-date=15 May 2021}}</ref> |
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The Left announced [[Janine Wissler]] and [[Dietmar Bartsch]] as their co-lead candidates on 2 May 2021. Wissler was elected federal party co-leader earlier in the year alongside [[Susanne Hennig-Wellsow]], who chose not to seek the co-lead candidacy. Bartsch had co-chaired The Left's Bundestag group since 2015, and was previously co-lead candidate in the 2017 federal election.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 May 2021 |title=Left: Wissler and Bartsch become top candidates for federal election |url=https://www.rnd.de/politik/linke-wissler-und-bartsch-werden-spitzenkandidaten-fur-bundestagswahl-WOHNUMYZTZGKBATX37YX5FXH7M.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509080647/https://www.rnd.de/politik/linke-wissler-und-bartsch-werden-spitzenkandidaten-fur-bundestagswahl-WOHNUMYZTZGKBATX37YX5FXH7M.html |archive-date=9 May 2021 |access-date=9 May 2021 |website=[[RedaktionsNetzwerk Deutschland]] |language=de}}</ref> Wissler and Bartsch were formally selected by the party executive on 8–9 May, receiving 87% of the votes.<ref>{{cite web |date=10 May 2021 |title=Wissler/Bartsch named as top duo |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/linkspartei-spitzenduo-101.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510214331/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/linkspartei-spitzenduo-101.html |archive-date=10 May 2021 |access-date=10 May 2021 |website=[[Tagesschau (German TV series)|Tagesschau]] |language=de}}</ref> |
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Due to their rise in national opinion polling since 2018, the Greens were expected to forgo the traditional dual lead-candidacy in favour of selecting a single chancellor candidate. Party co-leaders [[Annalena Baerbock]] and [[Robert Habeck]] were considered the only plausible candidates.<ref>{{cite web |date=7 April 2021 |title=Greens: Baerbock or Habeck – what speaks for whom? |url=https://www.fr.de/politik/gruene-baerbock-habeck-bundestagswahl-2021-spitzenkandidat-kanzler-deutschland-news-90326625.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412022217/https://www.fr.de/politik/gruene-baerbock-habeck-bundestagswahl-2021-spitzenkandidat-kanzler-deutschland-news-90326625.html |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=12 April 2021 |publisher=[[Frankfurter Rundschau]]}}</ref> Baerbock was announced as chancellor candidate on 19 April.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 April 2021 |title=Annalena Baerbock is to run as a candidate for chancellor for the Greens |language=de |newspaper=[[Der Spiegel]] |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/buendnis-90-die-gruenen-annalena-baerbock-soll-kanzlerkandidatin-werden-a-051558bb-f24a-42da-85f9-bf069de0c3f8 |url-status=live |access-date=19 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419090525/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/buendnis-90-die-gruenen-annalena-baerbock-soll-kanzlerkandidatin-werden-a-051558bb-f24a-42da-85f9-bf069de0c3f8 |archive-date=19 April 2021}}</ref> Both Baerbock and Habeck were co-lead candidates for the party's election campaign.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 April 2021 |title=Our Chancellor candidate: Annalena Baerbock |url=https://www.gruene.de/artikel/unsere-kanzlerkandidatin-annalena-baerbock |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017122057/https://www.gruene.de/artikel/unsere-kanzlerkandidatin-annalena-baerbock/ |archive-date=17 October 2021 |access-date=12 September 2021 |website=[[Alliance 90/The Greens]] |quote=Annalena Baerbock und Robert Habeck: Erfolgreiche Doppelspitze und Spitzenduo zur Bundestagswahl |trans-quote=Annalena Baerbock and Robert Habeck: Successful dual leadership and top duo for the federal election}}</ref> |
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=== Competing parties === |
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A total of 47 parties and lists were approved to run in the 2021 federal election, including the seven which won seats in the 19th Bundestag. Of these, 40 ran party lists in at least one state, while 7 ran only direct candidates. In addition, 196 [[Independent politicians|independent]] candidates ran in the various direct constituencies.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 August 2021 |title=2021 Bundestag Election: 47 parties will run in the election |url=https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/info/presse/mitteilungen/bundestagswahl-2021/23_21_parteien-wahlteilnahme.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831103222/https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/info/presse/mitteilungen/bundestagswahl-2021/23_21_parteien-wahlteilnahme.html |archive-date=31 August 2021 |access-date=31 August 2021 |website=[[Federal Returning Officer]]}}</ref> |
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In the table below, green shading indicates that the party ran a list in the indicated state. The number in each box indicates how many direct candidates the party ran in the indicated state. |
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{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center" |
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! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Party |
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! colspan="16" |State |
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|- |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Baden-Württemberg|BW]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Bavaria|BY]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Berlin|BE]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Brandenburg|BB]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Bremen (state)|HB]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Hamburg|HH]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Hesse|HE]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|MV]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Lower Saxony|NI]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[North Rhine-Westphalia|NW]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Rhineland-Palatinate|RP]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Saarland|SL]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Saxony|SN]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Saxony-Anhalt|ST]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Schleswig-Holstein|SH]] |
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! style="width:18px" |[[Thuringia|TH]] |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany]] (CDU)|| {{yes|38}} |
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|–|| {{yes|12}} || {{yes|10}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|22}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|30}} || {{yes|64}} || {{yes|15}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|16}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|11}} || {{yes|8}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (SPD)|| {{yes|38}} || {{yes|46}} || {{yes|12}} || {{yes|10}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|22}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|30}} || {{yes|64}} || {{yes|15}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|16}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|11}} || {{yes|8}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Alternative for Germany}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Alternative for Germany]] (AfD)|| {{yes|38}} || {{yes|44}} || {{yes|12}} || {{yes|10}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|22}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|27}} || {{yes|63}} || {{yes|15}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|16}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|11}} || {{yes|8}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] (FDP)|| {{yes|38}} || {{yes|46}} || {{yes|12}} || {{yes|10}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|22}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|30}} || {{yes|64}} || {{yes|15}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|16}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|11}} || {{yes|8}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|The Left (Germany)}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[The Left (Germany)|The Left]] (DIE LINKE)|| {{yes|38}} || {{yes|45}} || {{yes|12}} || {{yes|10}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|22}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|30}} || {{yes|64}} || {{yes|14}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|16}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|11}} || {{yes|8}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Alliance 90/The Greens]] (GRÜNE)|| {{yes|38}} || {{yes|46}} || {{yes|12}} || {{yes|10}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|22}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|30}} || {{yes|64}} || {{yes|15}} |
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|4|| {{yes|16}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|11}} || {{yes|8}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Christian Social Union in Bavaria}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Christian Social Union in Bavaria]] (CSU) |
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|–|| {{yes|46}} |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Free Voters}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Free Voters]] (FREIE WÄHLER)|| {{yes|38}} || {{yes|46}} || {{yes|7}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|5}} || {{yes|21}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|22}} || {{yes|57}} || {{yes|15}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|12}} || {{yes|8}} || {{yes|11}} || {{yes|6}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Die PARTEI}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Die PARTEI]]|| {{yes|33}} || {{yes|31}} || {{yes|12}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|8}} || {{yes|52}} || {{yes|10}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|11}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|7}} || {{yes|7}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Human Environment Animal Protection}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Human Environment Animal Protection]] (Tierschutzpartei)|| {{yes|8}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|12}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|3}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|3}} || {{yes|3}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|National Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[National Democratic Party of Germany]] (NPD)|| {{yes|–}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Pirate Party Germany}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Pirate Party Germany]] (PIRATEN)|| {{yes|3}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|5}} |
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|1|| {{yes|2}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|3}} || {{yes|8}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|3}} || {{yes|–}} |
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|–|| {{yes|1}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Ecological Democratic Party}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Ecological Democratic Party]] (ÖDP)|| {{yes|16}} || {{yes|46}} || {{yes|10}} || {{yes|7}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|5}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|5}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|13}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|4}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|V-Partei3}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[V-Partei3|V-Partei<sup>3</sup> – Party for Change, Vegetarians and Vegans]] (V-Partei<sup>3</sup>) |
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|1|| {{yes|11}} || {{yes|–}} |
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|–|| {{yes|1}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} |
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|–|| {{yes|1}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|–}} |
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|–|| {{yes|2}} |
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|–|| {{yes|1}} || {{yes|–}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Democracy in Motion}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Democracy in Motion]] (DiB)|| {{yes|6}} |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|–|| {{yes|–}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Bavaria Party}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Bavaria Party]] (BP) |
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|–|| {{yes|24}} |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Alliance for Human Rights, Animal and Nature Protection}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Alliance for Human Rights, Animal and Nature Protection|Animal Protection Alliance]] (Tierschutzallianz) |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|–|| {{yes|2}} |
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|– |
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|– |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany]] (MLPD)|| {{yes|22}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|7}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|5}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|31}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|8}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Partei für Gesundheitsforschung}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Partei für Gesundheitsforschung|Party for Health Research]] (Gesundheitsforschung)|| {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|2}} |
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|– |
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|– |
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|–|| {{yes|–}} |
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|– |
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|–|| {{yes|–}} |
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|– |
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|–|| {{yes|1}} |
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|– |
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|– |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|German Communist Party}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[German Communist Party]] (DKP)|| {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|4}} |
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|–|| {{yes|–}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|12}} |
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|1 |
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|–|| {{yes|–}} |
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|–|| {{yes|3}} |
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|– |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Menschliche Welt}}" | |
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| align="left" |Human World (MENSCHLICHE WELT) |
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|1 |
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|– |
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|1 |
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|–|| {{yes|–}} |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|– |
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|–|| {{yes|–}} |
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|- |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|The Grays – For All Generations}}" | |
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| align="left" |The Greys – For all Generations (Die Grauen) |
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|– |
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|–|| {{yes|1}} |
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|– |
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| bgcolor="{{party color|Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität}}" | |
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| align="left" |[[Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität|Civil Rights Movement Solidarity]] (BüSo) |
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|2 |
|2 |
||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|PQ}}" |'''6''' |
|||
|5|| {{yes|–}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|1 |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|1 |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Pallas Data |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Party of Humanists}}" | |
|||
|November 18, 2023 |
|||
| align="left" |[[Party of Humanists]] (Die Humanisten)|| {{yes|10}} || {{yes|3}} || {{yes|3}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|1}} |
|||
|[https://qc125.com/proj/2023-11-23-pallas123.pdf PDF] |
|||
|–|| {{yes|3}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} |
|||
|1,178 |
|||
|±2.86% |
|||
|24.1 |
|||
|16.1 |
|||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|PQ}}" |'''30.4''' |
|||
|15.5 |
|||
|11.3 |
|||
|2.7 |
|||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|PQ}}" |'''6.3''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Léger (company)|Leger]] |
|||
| bgcolor="#004800" | |
|||
|October 30, 2023 |
|||
| align="left" |Garden Party (Gartenpartei) |
|||
|[https://legermarketing.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Rapport-politique-Oct.-2023.pdf PDF] |
|||
|– |
|||
|1,026 |
|||
|– |
|||
|±3.06% |
|||
|– |
|||
| style="background-color:#4BA6FF" | '''30''' |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|1}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Die Urbane. Eine HipHop Partei}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |[[Die Urbane. Eine HipHop Partei|The Urbans. A HipHop Party]] (du.) |
|||
|–|| {{yes|2}} || {{yes|1}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|–}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|–}} || {{yes|3}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Socialist Equality Party (Germany)}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |[[Socialist Equality Party (Germany)|Socialist Equality Party, Fourth International]] (SGP) |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|–}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|–}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |[[Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany]] (dieBasis)|| {{yes|36}} || {{yes|46}} |
|||
|11|| {{yes|10}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|6}} || {{yes|21}} || {{yes|5}} || {{yes|27}} || {{yes|60}} || {{yes|15}} || {{yes|4}} || {{yes|16}} || {{yes|9}} || {{yes|11}} || {{yes|7}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Alliance C – Christians for Germany}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |[[Alliance C – Christians for Germany]] (Bündnis C)|| {{yes|1}} || {{yes|2}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|4}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|2}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|2}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Third Way (Germany)}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |[[Third Way (Germany)|Third Way]] (III. Weg) |
|||
|–|| {{yes|–}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|1}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="#44AAE0" | |
|||
| align="left" |Citizens' Movement for Progress and Change (BÜRGERBEWEGUNG)|| {{yes|3}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="#E71F71" | |
|||
| align="left" |The Pinks/Alliance 21 (BÜNDNIS21)|| {{yes|–}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|1 |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|–}} || {{yes|1}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="#DC2F28" | |
|||
| align="left" |European Party LOVE (LIEBE) |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|1}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Liberal Conservative Reformers}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |[[Liberal Conservative Reformers]] (LKR)|| {{yes|3}} || {{yes|7}} || {{yes|10}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|1}} || {{yes|1}} |
|||
|–|| {{yes|8}} || {{yes|7}} || {{yes|3}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|4 |
|||
|–|| {{yes|6}} |
|||
|2 |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="#F5A419" | |
|||
| align="left" |Party for Progress (PdF) |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|–}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="#D1165D" | |
|||
| align="left" |Lobbyists for Children (LfK) |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|–}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|South Schleswig Voters' Association}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |[[South Schleswig Voters' Association]] (SSW){{efn|The South Schleswig Voters' Association is a recognised minority party representing the [[Danish minority of Southern Schleswig|Danish]] and [[North Frisians|Frisian]] minorities of Southern Schleswig, and is exempt from the 5% [[electoral threshold in Germany]].<ref name="Background information for the 2021 Bundestag Election: parties representing national minorities - The Federal Returning Officer" />}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|–|| {{yes|5}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Team Todenhöfer}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |[[Team Todenhöfer|Team Todenhöfer – The Justice Party]] (Team Todenhöfer)|| {{yes|–}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} |
|||
|–|| {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="#FF9900" | |
|||
| align="left" |Independents for Citizen-oriented Democracy (UNABHÄNGIGE) |
|||
|–|| {{yes|2}} |
|||
|–|| {{yes|3}} |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|– |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Volt Germany}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |[[Volt Germany]] (Volt)|| {{yes|13}} || {{yes|12}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|1}} || {{yes|3}} || {{yes|5}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|15}} || {{yes|10}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|–}} || {{yes|2}} || {{yes|–}} |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Volksabstimmung}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |{{ill|From now... Democracy by Referendum|de|Ab jetzt ... Demokratie durch Volksabstimmung}} (Volksabstimmung) |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|2 |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Bergpartei, die &amp;quot;ÜberPartei&amp;quot;}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |[[Bergpartei, die "ÜberPartei"]] (B*) |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|1 |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="#BABABA" | |
|||
| align="left" |The Others (sonstige) |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|1 |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Family Party of Germany}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |[[Family Party of Germany]] (FAMILIE) |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|1 |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="#566467" | |
|||
| align="left" |Grey Panthers (Graue Panther) |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|– |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|1 |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Klimaliste}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |[[Klimaliste|Climate List Baden-Württemberg]] (KlimalisteBW) |
|||
|7 |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="#0083C1" | |
|||
| align="left" |Thuringian Homeland Party (THP) |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|– |
|||
|1 |
|||
|- |
|||
| bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}" | |
|||
| align="left" |''[[Independent politician|Independents]] and voter groups'' |
|||
|15 |
|15 |
||
|26 |
|26 |
||
|9 |
|||
|18 |
|||
|– |
|||
|2 |
|||
|15 |
|15 |
||
| |
|12 |
||
|21 |
|||
|31 |
|||
|22 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|22 |
|||
|7 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|3 |
|3 |
||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|CAQ}}" |'''4''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="12" align="center" style="background-color:#CECECE;" |'''[[Parti Québécois|PQ]] wins the [[2023 Jean-Talon provincial by-election|by-election]] in [[Jean-Talon]] on October 2, 2023.''' |
|||
! colspan="2" |Party |
|||
![[Baden-Württemberg|BW]] |
|||
![[Bavaria|BY]] |
|||
![[Berlin|BE]] |
|||
![[Brandenburg|BB]] |
|||
![[Bremen (state)|HB]] |
|||
![[Hamburg|HH]] |
|||
![[Hesse|HE]] |
|||
![[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern|MV]] |
|||
![[Lower Saxony|NI]] |
|||
![[North Rhine-Westphalia|NW]] |
|||
![[Rhineland-Palatinate|RP]] |
|||
![[Saarland|SL]] |
|||
![[Saxony|SN]] |
|||
![[Saxony-Anhalt|ST]] |
|||
![[Schleswig-Holstein|SH]] |
|||
![[Thuringia|TH]] |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Pallas Data |
|||
! colspan="2" |Total constituencies |
|||
|September 27, 2023 |
|||
!38 |
|||
|[https://qc125.com/proj/2023-09-28-pallas.pdf PDF] |
|||
!46 |
|||
|1,095 |
|||
!12 |
|||
|±3.0% |
|||
!10 |
|||
| style="background-color:#4BA6FF" | '''34.5''' |
|||
!2 |
|||
!6 |
|||
!22 |
|||
!6 |
|||
!30 |
|||
!64 |
|||
!15 |
|||
!4 |
|||
!16 |
|||
!9 |
|||
!11 |
|||
!8 |
|||
|} |
|||
=== Registration of candidates === |
|||
In July 2021, the respective state electoral committees rejected the lists of the AfD in [[Bremen]] and the Greens in [[Saarland]]. The AfD list was rejected for formal reasons, while the Green list in Saarland was declared invalid due to a controversial nomination process, in which one third of the state delegates were excluded from the nomination convention. Both state parties filed motions against the rulings. The federal electoral committee dismissed the motion of the Saarland Greens, while the AfD list in Bremen was permitted to run in the elections. The Green Party will thus not be eligible for the proportional vote in Saarland for the first time in the party's history.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 August 2021 |title=German Greens must sit out vote in one state during national election |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/german-greens-sit-out-vote-saarland-federal-election-2021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827160247/https://www.politico.eu/article/german-greens-sit-out-vote-saarland-federal-election-2021/ |archive-date=27 August 2021 |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=[[Politico]] |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
== Campaign == |
|||
=== Major issues === |
|||
The federal election was impacted by incumbent chancellor [[Angela Merkel]]'s decision not to run again,<ref>{{cite news |date=20 April 2021 |title=Who are the rivals to lead Germany after Chancellor Merkel? |agency=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56821462 |url-status=live |access-date=22 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606233628/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56821462 |archive-date=6 June 2021}}</ref> and candidates to present themselves as the natural successor to Merkel.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 September 2021 |title=German candidates fight to woo moderate voters |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2021/09/25/german-candidates-fight-to-woo-moderate-voters |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926230556/https://www.economist.com/europe/2021/09/25/german-candidates-fight-to-woo-moderate-voters |archive-date=26 September 2021 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> |
|||
The [[2021 European floods]] put the climate issue back on the agenda in July. The SPD called for "everything to be done to stop global warming," while the CDU/CSU wanted to "speed up climate protection measures".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporterre |title=En Allemagne, les inondations obligent les politiques à prendre le climat " plus au sérieux " |url=https://reporterre.net/En-Allemagne-les-inondations-obligent-les-politiques-a-prendre-le-climat-plus-au-serieux |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816185402/https://reporterre.net/En-Allemagne-les-inondations-obligent-les-politiques-a-prendre-le-climat-plus-au-serieux |archive-date=16 August 2021 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=Reporterre, le quotidien de l'écologie |language=fr}}</ref> By the end of July, 56 per cent of Germans believed that the floods made it "even more important than before" to combat climate change, and 73 per cent believed the government was not doing enough in this area; only the AfD's supporters were overwhelmingly of the opposite opinion.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-07-26 |title=En Allemagne, la campagne électorale des législatives bouleversée par les inondations |language=fr |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/07/26/en-allemagne-la-campagne-electorale-des-legislatives-bouleversee-par-les-inondations_6089525_3210.html |url-status=live |access-date=2021-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918180548/https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2021/07/26/en-allemagne-la-campagne-electorale-des-legislatives-bouleversee-par-les-inondations_6089525_3210.html |archive-date=18 September 2021}}</ref> Following those events, six people under the age of 30 began a hunger strike in front of the Reichstag building at the end of August. They demanded a sincere dialogue with the leaders of the main political parties before the elections and the establishment of a citizens' convention to decide on ambitious measures for the climate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-18 |title=The German activists starving themselves to make politicians face the climate crisis |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/18/the-german-activists-starving-themselves-to-make-politicians-face-the-climate-crisis |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918112359/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/18/the-german-activists-starving-themselves-to-make-politicians-face-the-climate-crisis |archive-date=18 September 2021 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> |
|||
During the deadly [[2021 European floods in Germany|German floods]], while visiting [[Erftstadt]] on 18 July, the CDU/CSU lead candidate [[Armin Laschet]] was caught laughing on camera and making jokes while President [[Frank-Walter Steinmeier]] was speaking. Laschet was heavily criticized, despite his apology saying: "It was stupid and shouldn't have happened and I regret it." Both the CDU/CSU and Laschet's ratings suffered heavily in opinion polls and the SPD took the lead.<ref name="r725">{{cite news |last1=Chambers |first1=Madeline |date=25 July 2021 |title=Laughing in flood town was stupid, says Germany's Laschet as gaffe hits ratings |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/laughing-flood-town-was-stupid-says-germanys-laschet-gaffe-hits-ratings-2021-07-25/ |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911153119/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/laughing-flood-town-was-stupid-says-germanys-laschet-gaffe-hits-ratings-2021-07-25/ |archive-date=11 September 2021}}</ref><ref name="r911">{{cite news |last1=Carrel |first1=Paul |last2=Rinke |first2=Andreas |title=German SPD extends lead over Merkel's sliding conservatives |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/german-spd-extends-lead-over-merkels-sliding-conservatives-2021-09-02/ |url-status=live |access-date=11 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911151742/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/german-spd-extends-lead-over-merkels-sliding-conservatives-2021-09-02/ |archive-date=11 September 2021}}</ref> |
|||
=== Red–red–green coalition === |
|||
During the campaign, Scholz rejected tax cuts for the rich as immoral, pledged to "increase taxes on the wealthy, spend on cleaner technology and expand social programs",<ref>{{cite news |last=Jenen |first=Birgit |date=5 September 2021 |title=Scholz Pitches Taxing the Rich to Revive Bid to Succeed Merkel |agency=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-09/scholz-pitches-taxing-the-rich-to-revive-bid-to-succeed-merkel |url-status=live |access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001033936/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-09/scholz-pitches-taxing-the-rich-to-revive-bid-to-succeed-merkel |archive-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> and a [[minimum wage]] increase to 12 euros.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Buergin |first=Rainer |date=19 September 2021 |title=Germany's Scholz Lays Down Rules for Future Coalition Allies |agency=Bloomberg News |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-19/germany-s-scholz-lays-down-rules-for-any-future-coalition-ally |url-status=live |access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001033933/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-09-19/germany-s-scholz-lays-down-rules-for-any-future-coalition-ally |archive-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> In general, there was broad agreement among left-leaning parties on issues such as climate change, education, finance, health, and higher taxes for the rich, and The Left being more [[pro-European]] than similar left-wing parties like [[La France Insoumise]],<ref name="Oltermann 2021">{{cite news |last=Oltermann |first=Philip |date=24 September 2021 |title=German progressives dare to dream of leftist 'red-green-red' coalition |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/24/german-progressives-dare-to-dream-of-leftist-red-green-red-coalition |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927030006/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/24/german-progressives-dare-to-dream-of-leftist-red-green-red-coalition |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> while issues of disagreement were foreign policy and security.<ref name="R2G">{{cite news |date=24 September 2021 |title=German election: Could there soon be a left-wing government? |agency=Deutsche Welle |url=https://www.dw.com/en/german-election-could-there-soon-be-a-left-wing-government/a-59073355 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926165408/https://www.dw.com/en/german-election-could-there-soon-be-a-left-wing-government/a-59073355 |archive-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> Writing for ''[[The Guardian]]'', [[Philip Oltermann]] commented: "Paradoxically, some Social Democrats see such commonalities as an obstacle rather than a boon for an effective power-sharing deal: since all three parties already call for a wealth tax, for example, it's unclear what policy Die Linke could sell its supporters as a win even if were to get its hands on the coveted labour ministry."<ref name="Oltermann 2021" /> Both the SPD and the Greens did not speak much on the subject but did not rule it out in public, although in private they were more sceptics. One SPD delegate was quoted as saying: "To prepare the ground for a robust and functioning coalition, you need to make sure that no one walks out of talks looking like a loser. That's difficult enough with two, but it becomes even more difficult when you have three partners."<ref name="Oltermann 2021" /> Oltermann posited that The Left could see entering federal government as "a final chance to reverse the party's decline, even if it means moving some of its red lines of old."<ref name="Oltermann 2021" /> |
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In its election manifesto, The Left called for abolishing [[NATO]] in favour of a "collective security system with Russia's involvement", to which Scholz said that this is an example of minimum criteria to govern which is not negotiable.<ref name="Süddeutsche Zeitung">{{Cite news |title=Bundestagswahl: Grüne fordern Tempo 130 auf Autobahnen |language=de |work=Süddeutsche Zeitung |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/bundestagswahl-2021-wagenknecht-1.5395829 |url-status=live |access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922034549/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/bundestagswahl-2021-wagenknecht-1.5395829 |archive-date=22 September 2021}}</ref> The Left's lead candidates stated that those demands are a tribute to the party's historic [[anti-imperialist]] roots rather than reflecting ambitions to govern at the federal level and a discussion on the future of NATO is also being led by centrists such as France's [[Emmanuel Macron]].<ref name="Oltermann 2021" /> The party struck the anti-NATO demand from its immediate policy measures and [[Janine Wissler]] responded that foreign policy was more than NATO.<ref name="The Economist">{{cite news |date=18 September 2021 |title=What to make of Die Linke |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2021/09/18/what-to-make-of-die-linke |url-status=live |access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930205417/https://www.economist.com/europe/2021/09/18/what-to-make-of-die-linke |archive-date=30 September 2021 |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> [[Gregor Gysi]], a member of the left wing of the party, stated that such demands are more of a vision, are not to be implemented as soon as possible, and should not be seen as inflexible preconditions for a left-wing coalition.<ref name="Politico">{{cite news |last=Nöstlinger |first=Nette |date=20 September 2021 |title=Germany's Marxist firebrand plots for the Left's moment |website=Politico |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-election-2021-left-party-prepared-to-join-government-under-olaf-scholz-die-linke-gregor-gysi/ |url-status=live |access-date=1 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001033933/https://www.politico.eu/article/germany-election-2021-left-party-prepared-to-join-government-under-olaf-scholz-die-linke-gregor-gysi/ |archive-date=1 October 2021}}</ref> |
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As significant issues remain, attempts among willing delegates from both parties have been made over the years on how such issues could be solved in a coalition; the solution of an internal vote preceding foreign policies votes, such as foreign deployments, on a case-by-case analysis was deemed to be unworkable by many in the SPD. The Greens see foreign policy differences with The Left as big as financial and debt disagreements with the FDP.<ref name="Oltermann 2021" /> The Left joining the federal government would have broken a taboo due to being a democratic successor of East Germany's ruling party, and for its pacifist and anti-militarist stance,<ref name="Oltermann 2021" /> and could be seen as following examples in Spain and Sweden.<ref name="Ottens 2021">{{cite web |last=Ottens |first=Nick |date=3 September 2021 |title=Scholz would be foolish to rule out a left-wing coalition |url=https://euobserver.com/opinion/152799 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001033935/https://euobserver.com/opinion/152799 |archive-date=1 October 2021 |access-date=1 October 2021 |website=EUobserver}}</ref> A [[traffic light coalition]] (SPD–FDP–Greens) was seen as the more likely scenario but a R2G coalition, which would be favoured by the left-wing leadership<ref name="Politico" /> and rank-and-file party members,<ref name="The Economist" /> was not excluded if coalition talks with FDP fail due minimum wage increase or the wealth tax.<ref name="Oltermann 2021" /> |
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=== Debates === |
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; Armin Laschet vs. Annalena Baerbock vs. Olaf Scholz |
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For the first time since [[2002 German federal election|2002]], the four major television broadcasters [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]], [[ZDF]], [[RTL (German TV channel)|RTL]], and [[ProSieben]]/[[Sat.1]] did not hold a joint television debate. Separate debates were previously prevented by incumbent chancellor Merkel, who did not run for reelection. For the first time in history, three-way major debates were held, as the Greens were invited after overtaking the SPD in opinion polls.<ref name="Niemier" /> |
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-justify: none" |
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! colspan="9" style="background:#B0C4DE" |2021 German federal election debates |
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|- style="font-size:small;" |
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! rowspan="3" |Date |
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! rowspan="3" |Broadcasters |
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! colspan="7" scope="col" |<!-- |
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-->{{Colors|black|#90ff90| P }} {{small|Present }}<!-- |
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-->{{Colors|black|#D0F0C0| S }} {{small|Surrogate }}<!-- |
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-->{{Colors|black|#5FC| I }} {{small|Invited }}<!-- |
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-->{{Colors|black|#A2B2C2| NI }} {{small|Not invited }}<!-- |
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{{Colors|black|#ff9090| A }} {{small|Absent }} |
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{{Colors|black|#FFD| N }} {{small|No debate }}--> |
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|- style="font-size:small;" |
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! scope="col" |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] |
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! scope="col" |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] |
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! scope="col" |[[Alliance 90/The Greens|Grüne]] |
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! scope="col" |[[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] |
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! scope="col" |[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] |
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! scope="col" |[[The Left (Germany)|Linke]] |
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! scope="col" |[[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]] |
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|- |
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! style="width:6.5em; background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}};" | |
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! style="width:6.5em; background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" | |
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! style="width:6.5em; background:{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}};" | |
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! style="width:6.5em; background:{{party color|Alternative for Germany}};" | |
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! style="width:6.5em; background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};" | |
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! style="width:6.5em; background:{{party color|The Left (Germany)}};" | |
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! style="width:6.5em; background:{{party color|Christian Social Union in Bavaria}};" | |
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|- |
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|17 May 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-17 |title=Wer schafft's ins Kanzleramt? |url=https://www.rbb-online.de/fernsehen/beitrag/wer-schaffts-ins-kanzleramt-polittalk-mit-annalena-baerbock-und-olaf-scholz.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522154053/https://www.rbb-online.de/fernsehen/beitrag/wer-schaffts-ins-kanzleramt-polittalk-mit-annalena-baerbock-und-olaf-scholz.html |archive-date=22 May 2021 |access-date=2021-05-24 |website=[[RBB Fernsehen]] |language=de}}</ref> |
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|[[RBB Fernsehen]] |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Olaf Scholz|Scholz]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Annalena Baerbock|Baerbock]]}} |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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|- |
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|20 May 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-20 |title=Das erste TV-Triell der Kanzlerkandidaten |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/bundestagswahl-kanzlerkandidatur-triell-101.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520121353/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/bundestagswahl-kanzlerkandidatur-triell-101.html |archive-date=20 May 2021 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=[[Tagesschau (German TV series)|tagesschau]] |language=de}}</ref> |
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|[[Westdeutscher Rundfunk|WDR]], [[tagesschau24]] |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Armin Laschet|Laschet]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Olaf Scholz|Scholz]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Annalena Baerbock|Baerbock]]}} |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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|- |
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|26 June 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-26 |title=Kanzlerkandidaten zur Außenpolitik: Zwischen Dialog und Härte |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/aussenpolitik-kanzlerkandiaten-muenchner-sicherheitskonferenz-fragerunde-101.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627113658/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/aussenpolitik-kanzlerkandiaten-muenchner-sicherheitskonferenz-fragerunde-101.html |archive-date=27 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-27 |website=[[Tagesschau (German TV series)|tagesschau]] |language=de}}</ref> |
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|tagesschau24 |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Armin Laschet|Laschet]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Olaf Scholz|Scholz]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Annalena Baerbock|Baerbock]]}} |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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|- |
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|29 August 2021<ref>{{Cite web |last=Niemeier |first=Timo |date=2021-05-19 |title=RTL kommt Öffentlich-Rechtlichen mit Wahl-Triell zuvor |url=https://www.dwdl.de/nachrichten/82823/rtl_kommt_oeffentlichrechtlichen_mit_dem_triell_zuvor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519145526/https://www.dwdl.de/nachrichten/82823/rtl_kommt_oeffentlichrechtlichen_mit_dem_triell_zuvor/ |archive-date=19 May 2021 |access-date=2021-05-19 |website=DWDL.de |language=de}}</ref> |
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|[[RTL (German TV channel)|RTL]], [[n-tv]] |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Armin Laschet|Laschet]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Olaf Scholz|Scholz]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Annalena Baerbock|Baerbock]]}} |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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|- |
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|30 August 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-30 |title=Wie geht's, Deutschland? |url=https://www.zdf.de/politik/wahlen/wahl-2021-wie-gehts-deutschland-100.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905161855/https://www.zdf.de/politik/wahlen/wahl-2021-wie-gehts-deutschland-100.html |archive-date=5 September 2021 |access-date=2021-09-05 |website=zdf.de |language=de}}</ref> |
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|ZDF |
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| style="background:#D0F0C0; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''S'''<br />{{small|[[Jens Spahn|Spahn]]}} |
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| style="background:#D0F0C0; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''S'''<br />{{small|[[Franziska Giffey|Giffey]]}} |
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| style="background:#D0F0C0; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''S'''<br />{{small|[[Katrin Göring-Eckardt|Göring-Eckardt]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Alice Weidel|Weidel]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Christian Lindner|Lindner]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Dietmar Bartsch|Bartsch]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Alexander Dobrindt|Dobrindt]]}} |
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|- |
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|12 September 2021<ref name="Niemier">{{Cite web |last=Niemeier |first=Timo |date=2021-05-19 |title=Nach RTL planen auch ARD und ZDF ein Triell zur Wahl |url=https://www.dwdl.de/nachrichten/82748/nach_rtl_planen_auch_ard_und_zdf_ein_triell_zur_wahl/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210519145526/https://www.dwdl.de/nachrichten/82748/nach_rtl_planen_auch_ard_und_zdf_ein_triell_zur_wahl/ |archive-date=19 May 2021 |access-date=2021-05-12 |website=DWDL.de |language=de}}</ref> |
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|[[Das Erste]], [[ZDF]] |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Armin Laschet|Laschet]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Olaf Scholz|Scholz]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Annalena Baerbock|Baerbock]]}} |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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|- |
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|13 September 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-13 |title=Schlagabtausch - der Vierkampf von AfD, FDP, DIE LINKE und CSU |url=https://www.zdf.de/schlagabtausch2021-100.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918110925/https://www.zdf.de/schlagabtausch2021-100.html |archive-date=18 September 2021 |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=zdf.de |language=de}}</ref> |
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|ZDF |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Alice Weidel|Weidel]]}} |
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| style="background:#D0F0C0; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''S'''<br />{{small|[[Wolfgang Kubicki|Kubicki]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Janine Wissler|Wissler]]}} |
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| style="background:#D0F0C0; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''S'''<br />{{small|[[Markus Blume|Blume]]}} |
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|- |
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|13 September<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Das Erste |first=ARD |date=2021-05-19 |title=Bundestagswahl 2021 in der ARD: 1500 Minuten Sondersendungen mit Talk, Triell, Townhall, Elefanten-Runde und Dokumentationen im Ersten |url=https://www.presseportal.de/pm/6694/4926639 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210601052936/https://www.presseportal.de/pm/6694/4926639 |archive-date=1 June 2021 |access-date=2021-06-01 |website=presseportal.de |language=de}}</ref> |
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|Das Erste |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Alice Weidel|Weidel]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Christian Lindner|Lindner]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Janine Wissler|Wissler]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Alexander Dobrindt|Dobrindt]]}} |
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|- |
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|19 September 2021<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-19 |title=ProSieben, Sat.1 Und Kabel eins bitten die Kanzlerkandidat:innen am Sonntag vor der Wahl zum finalen TV-Triell |url=https://www.prosieben.ch/tv/bundestagswahl/news/tv-triell-baerbock-scholz-laschet-prosieben-106508 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823090359/https://www.prosieben.ch/tv/bundestagswahl/news/tv-triell-baerbock-scholz-laschet-prosieben-106508 |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=2021-08-23 |website=prosieben.ch |language=de}}</ref> |
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|[[ProSieben]], [[Sat.1]], [[Kabel eins]] |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Armin Laschet|Laschet]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Olaf Scholz|Scholz]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Annalena Baerbock|Baerbock]]}} |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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| style="background:#A2B2C2; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''NI''' |
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|- |
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|23 September 2021<ref name="Niemier" /> |
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|Das Erste, ZDF |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Armin Laschet|Laschet]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Olaf Scholz|Scholz]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Annalena Baerbock|Baerbock]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Alice Weidel|Weidel]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Christian Lindner|Lindner]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Janine Wissler|Wissler]]}} |
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| style="background:#90ff90; color:black; text-align:center;" |'''P'''<br />{{small|[[Markus Söder|Söder]]}} |
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|} |
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== Members of Parliament standing down == |
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=== AfD === |
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* [[Axel Gehrke]] |
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* [[Wilhelm von Gottberg]]<ref name="Abschied vom Bundestag">{{cite web |last= |date=2021-06-27 |title=Abschied vom Bundestag |url=https://projekte.sueddeutsche.de/artikel/politik/abschied-vom-bundestag-e839209/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626220103/https://projekte.sueddeutsche.de/artikel/politik/abschied-vom-bundestag-e839209/ |archive-date=26 June 2021 |access-date= |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote= |periodical=Sueddeutsche.de}}</ref> |
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* [[Heiko Heßenkemper]]<ref>[https://www.saechsische.de/doebeln/muldaerin-will-fuer-afd-in-den-bundestag-mittelsachsen-wahl-5298823.html Saechsische.de: Muldaerin will für AfD in den Bundestag (German)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210610201655/https://www.saechsische.de/doebeln/muldaerin-will-fuer-afd-in-den-bundestag-mittelsachsen-wahl-5298823.html|date=10 June 2021}}, October 2020</ref> |
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* [[Lothar Maier]]<ref>{{citation |title=Mit einem lachenden und weinenden Auge |date=2021-06-21 |editor-surname1=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |at=p. 19 |language=German |surname1=Manfred Schäfers}}</ref> |
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* [[Roman Reusch]]<ref name="Abschied vom Bundestag" /> |
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* [[Heiko Wildberg]]<ref>{{cite web |last= |date=2020-11-24 |title=AfD-Rhinland-Pfalz wählt zehn Kandidaten für die Landesliste zur Bundestagwahl |url=https://www.pfalz-express.de/afd-rheinland-pfalz-waehlt-zehn-kandidaten-fuer-die-landesliste-zur-bundestagswahl/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628083212/https://www.pfalz-express.de/afd-rheinland-pfalz-waehlt-zehn-kandidaten-fuer-die-landesliste-zur-bundestagswahl/ |archive-date=28 June 2021 |access-date= |publisher= |pages= |language= |format= |quote= |periodical=Pfalz-exptress.de}}</ref> |
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=== CDU/CSU === |
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{{div col|colwidth=20em}} |
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* [[Norbert Barthle]]<ref>[https://www.schwaebische.de/landkreis/ostalbkreis/schwaebisch-gmuend_artikel,-norbert-barthle-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-_arid,11229608.html Schwäbisch Gmünd: Norbert Barthle kandidiert nicht mehr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604070058/https://www.schwaebische.de/landkreis/ostalbkreis/schwaebisch-gmuend_artikel,-norbert-barthle-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-_arid,11229608.html |date=4 June 2020 }} ''[[Schwäbische Zeitung]]'', May 6, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Manfred Behrens]]<ref name="Michael Bock">{{cite web|title=Kees de Vries verliert bei Nominierung|periodical=Volksstimme.de|publisher=[[Volksstimme (Saxony-Anhalt)|Volksstimme Magdeburg]]|url=https://www.volksstimme.de/sachsen-anhalt/sachsen-anhalt-cdu-kees-de-vries-verliert-bei-nominierung|format=|access-date=|last=Michael Bock|date=2020-09-29|language=de|pages=|quote=|archive-date=31 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031172046/https://www.volksstimme.de/sachsen-anhalt/sachsen-anhalt-cdu-kees-de-vries-verliert-bei-nominierung|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Sybille Benning]]<ref>[https://www.muensterschezeitung.de/Lokales/Staedte/Muenster/4283856-Erklaerung-der-CDU-Bundestagsabgeordneten-Sybille-Benning-tritt-nicht-mehr-an Erklärung der CDU-Bundestagsabgeordneten: Sybille Benning tritt nicht mehr an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029210817/https://www.muensterschezeitung.de/Lokales/Staedte/Muenster/4283856-Erklaerung-der-CDU-Bundestagsabgeordneten-Sybille-Benning-tritt-nicht-mehr-an |date=29 October 2020 }} ''Münstersche Zeitung'', September 28, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Peter Bleser]]<ref>Daniel Rühle (September 29, 2019), [https://www.rhein-zeitung.de/region/aus-den-lokalredaktionen/kreis-cochem-zell_artikel,-cochemzeller-christdemokraten-haben-gewaehlt-anke-beilstein-ist-alte-und-neue-cdukreisvorsitzende-_arid,2032496.html Cochem-Zeller Christdemokraten haben gewählt: Anke Beilstein ist alte und neue CDU-Kreisvorsitzende] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614084813/https://www.rhein-zeitung.de/region/aus-den-lokalredaktionen/kreis-cochem-zell_artikel,-cochemzeller-christdemokraten-haben-gewaehlt-anke-beilstein-ist-alte-und-neue-cdukreisvorsitzende-_arid,2032496.html |date=14 June 2020 }} ''Rhein-Zeitung'', July 10, 2019.</ref> |
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* [[Norbert Brackmann]]<ref>[https://www.ln-online.de/Lokales/Lauenburg/Norbert-Brackmann-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-fuer-den-Bundestag Norbert Brackmann kandidiert nicht mehr für den Bundestag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115055255/https://www.ln-online.de/Lokales/Lauenburg/Norbert-Brackmann-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-fuer-den-Bundestag |date=15 November 2020 }} ''[[Lübecker Nachrichten]]'', May 29, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Axel Fischer]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bnn.de/nachrichten/politik/axel-e-fischer-zieht-nach-23-jahren-bundestag-bilanz-ich-gehe-mit-einem-lachenden-und-einem-weinenden-auge |title=Badische Nachrichten: Bundestagsabgeordneter Axel E. Fischer: "Es gab gigantische Machtverschiebung vom Parlament zur Regierung" |access-date=13 October 2021 |archive-date=27 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027060355/https://bnn.de/nachrichten/politik/axel-e-fischer-zieht-nach-23-jahren-bundestag-bilanz-ich-gehe-mit-einem-lachenden-und-einem-weinenden-auge |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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* [[Maria Flachsbarth]]<ref>Daniel Puskepeleitis (May 12, 2020), [https://www.bild.de/regional/hannover/hannover-aktuell/nach-18-jahren-flachsbarth-kuendigt-rueckzug-aus-dem-bundestag-an-70592444.bild.html Nach 18 Jahren: Flachsbarth kündigt Rückzug aus dem Bundestag an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828183555/https://www.bild.de/regional/hannover/hannover-aktuell/nach-18-jahren-flachsbarth-kuendigt-rueckzug-aus-dem-bundestag-an-70592444.bild.html |date=28 August 2020 }} ''[[BILD]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Hans-Joachim Fuchtel]]<ref>Roland Weisenburger (May 12, 2020), [https://bnn.de/nachrichten/politik/hans-joachim-fuchtel-tritt-nicht-mehr-an-merkels-schweizer-taschenmesser-verlaesst-den-bundestag Hans-Joachim Fuchtel tritt nicht mehr an: Merkels Schweizer Taschenmesser verlässt den Bundestag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614104557/https://bnn.de/nachrichten/politik/hans-joachim-fuchtel-tritt-nicht-mehr-an-merkels-schweizer-taschenmesser-verlaesst-den-bundestag |date=14 June 2020 }} ''[[Badische Neueste Nachrichten]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Alois Gerig]]<ref>[https://www.nokzeit.de/2020/07/10/gerig-verabschiedet-sich-aus-bundespolitik/ Nokzeit.de: Gerig verabschiedet sich aus Bundespolitik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923011049/https://www.nokzeit.de/2020/07/10/gerig-verabschiedet-sich-aus-bundespolitik/ |date=23 September 2021 }} (German)</ref> |
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* [[Eberhard Gienger]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2020-02-07|title=Eberhard Gienger tritt nicht wieder an|url=https://www.marbacher-zeitung.de/inhalt.bei-der-bundestagswahl-2021-eberhard-gienger-tritt-nicht-wieder-an.6e485092-a7e5-4416-944d-c546bfebe4eb.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200208144354/https://www.marbacher-zeitung.de/inhalt.bei-der-bundestagswahl-2021-eberhard-gienger-tritt-nicht-wieder-an.6e485092-a7e5-4416-944d-c546bfebe4eb.html|archive-date=8 February 2020|access-date=|website=Marbacher Zeitung|language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[Astrid Grotelüschen]]<ref>Michael Korn (April 10, 2020), [https://www.noz.de/lokales-dk/ganderkesee/artikel/2034249/astrid-grotelueschen-will-nicht-wieder-fuer-bundestag-kandidieren Astrid Grotelüschen will nicht wieder für Bundestag kandidieren] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094901/https://www.noz.de/lokales-dk/ganderkesee/artikel/2034249/astrid-grotelueschen-will-nicht-wieder-fuer-bundestag-kandidieren |date=18 April 2020 }} ''[[Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Mark Hauptmann]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.spiegel.de/consent-a-?targetUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Fcdu-maskenaffaere-abgeordneter-hauptmann-legt-bundestagsmandat-nieder-a-8a9e43f1-288f-40c7-9ed3-35bf8bb91785&ref=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F|title=Spiegel.de: CDU-Maskenaffäre, Abgeordneter Hauptmann legt Bundestagsmandat nieder (german)}}{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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* [[Matthias Heider]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lokalplus.nrw/nachrichten/politik-kreisolpe/cdu-mdb-matthias-heider-tritt-bei-bundestagswahl-2021-nicht-mehr-an-44874|title=CDU-MdB Matthias Heider tritt bei Bundestagswahl 2021 nicht mehr an – Künftig wieder Arbeit als Anwalt|website=LokalPlus Nachrichten|access-date=2 October 2021|archive-date=10 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010042009/https://www.lokalplus.nrw/nachrichten/politik-kreisolpe/cdu-mdb-matthias-heider-tritt-bei-bundestagswahl-2021-nicht-mehr-an-44874?utm_campaign=LokalPlus&utm_medium=Shared%20URL&utm_source=SocialMedia|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Heribert Hirte]]<ref>Andreas Damm (8 May 2021), [https://www.ksta.de/koeln/cdu-waehlt-kandidaten-schlappe-fuer-koelner-bundespolitiker-heribert-hirte-38369474?cb=1620492286206 CDU wählt Kandidaten: Schlappe für Kölner Bundespolitiker Heribert Hirte] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130172540/https://www.ksta.de/html/dumont-consent/index.html?param=eyJyZWRpcmVjdFVybCI6Ii9rb2Vsbi9jZHUtd2FlaGx0LWthbmRpZGF0ZW4tc2NobGFwcGUtZnVlci1rb2VsbmVyLWJ1bmRlc3BvbGl0aWtlci1oZXJpYmVydC1oaXJ0ZS0zODM2OTQ3ND9jYj0xNjM4MjkzMTQwNjQ0JmNiPTE2MjA0OTIyODYyMDYiLCJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInN1YmRvbWFpbiI6Ind3dyJ9 |date=30 November 2021 }} ''[[Kölner Stadtanzeiger]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Karl Holmeier]]<ref>[https://www.mittelbayerische.de/region/cham-nachrichten/karl-holmeier-tritt-2021-nicht-mehr-an-20909-art1912711.html Karl Holmeier tritt 2021 nicht mehr an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022110813/https://www.mittelbayerische.de/region/cham-nachrichten/karl-holmeier-tritt-2021-nicht-mehr-an-20909-art1912711.html |date=22 October 2020 }} ''[[Mittelbayerische Zeitung]]'', June 4, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Alois Karl]]<ref>Eva Gaupp (July 24, 2020), [https://www.mittelbayerische.de/region/neumarkt-nachrichten/alois-karl-nach-43-jahren-ist-schluss-21102-art1925337.html Alois Karl: Nach 43 Jahren ist Schluss] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075523/https://www.mittelbayerische.de/region/neumarkt-nachrichten/alois-karl-nach-43-jahren-ist-schluss-21102-art1925337.html |date=6 August 2020 }} ''[[Mittelbayerische Zeitung]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Volker Kauder]], former CDU/CSU parliamentary leader<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-09-21|title=Kauder kandidiert 2021 nicht wieder|url=https://www.badische-zeitung.de/kauder-kandidiert-2021-nicht-wieder|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117182545/https://www.badische-zeitung.de/kauder-kandidiert-2021-nicht-wieder|archive-date=17 November 2019|access-date=|website=Badische Zeitung|language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[Andreas Lämmel]]<ref name="Gunnar Saft, Thilo Alexe">{{cite web|title=So geht sächsisch im Bundestag bald nicht mehr|periodical=Saechsische.de|publisher=[[Sächsische Zeitung]]|url=https://www.saechsische.de/politik/deutschland/so-geht-saechsisch-im-bundestag-bald-nicht-mehr-5272965-plus.html|access-date=|last=Gunnar Saft, Thilo Alexe|date=2020-09-14|language=de|pages=|quote=|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422230723/https://www.saechsische.de/politik/deutschland/so-geht-saechsisch-im-bundestag-bald-nicht-mehr-5272965-plus.html|url-status=live}} ([[paywall]])</ref> |
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* [[Karl A. Lamers]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Serif|first=Walter|date=2020-03-07|title=Karl A. Lamers tritt 2021 nicht mehr an|url=https://www.morgenweb.de/mannheimer-morgen_artikel,-politik-karl-a-lamers-tritt-2021-nicht-mehr-an-_arid,1613341.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307162219/https://www.morgenweb.de/mannheimer-morgen_artikel,-politik-karl-a-lamers-tritt-2021-nicht-mehr-an-_arid,1613341.html|archive-date=7 March 2020|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Mannheimer Morgen|language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[Katharina Landgraf]]<ref>[https://www.lvz.de/Region/Borna/CDU-Abgeordnete-Katharina-Landgraf-kandidiert-nicht-wieder-fuer-den-Bundestag CDU-Abgeordnete Katharina Landgraf kandidiert nicht wieder für den Bundestag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223201744/https://www.lvz.de/Region/Borna/CDU-Abgeordnete-Katharina-Landgraf-kandidiert-nicht-wieder-fuer-den-Bundestag |date=23 December 2020 }} ''Leipziger Volkzeitung'', June 11, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Nikolas Löbel]]<ref>[https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/corona-maskendeal-ruecktritt-100.html Abgeordnete Nüßlein und Löbel – Maskenskandal setzt Union zu]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310204153/https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/corona-maskendeal-ruecktritt-100.html |date=10 March 2021 }} Zdf.de: Corona Masken-Skandal.</ref> |
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* [[Thomas de Maizière]], former [[Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community|Minister of the Interior]]<ref>Markus Langner (May 12, 2020), [https://www.bild.de/regional/dresden/dresden-aktuell/sachsens-cdu-groesse-de-maiziere-macht-schluss-mit-bundestag-70589826.bild.html Ex-Bundesinnenminister De Maizière macht Schluss mit Bundestag ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130022801/https://www.bild.de/regional/dresden/dresden-aktuell/sachsens-cdu-groesse-de-maiziere-macht-schluss-mit-bundestag-70589826.bild.html |date=30 January 2021 }} ''[[BILD]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Hans-Georg von der Marwitz (politician)|Hans-Georg von der Marwitz]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moz.de/lokales/bernau/bundestagskandidat-cdu-waehlt-ueberraschend-sabine-buder-statt-hans-georg-von-der-marwitz-50880759.html|title=Bundestagskandidat: CDU wählt überraschend Sabine Buder statt Hans-Georg von der Marwitz|first=Märkisches|last=Medienhaus|date=15 August 2020|website=moz.de|access-date=20 June 2021|archive-date=13 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613140712/https://www.moz.de/lokales/bernau/bundestagskandidat-cdu-waehlt-ueberraschend-sabine-buder-statt-hans-georg-von-der-marwitz-50880759.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Angela Merkel]], incumbent Chancellor<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.n-tv.de/politik/Spoiler-Merkel-bleibt-article21024105.html|title=Spoiler: Merkel bleibt|first=Benjamin|last=Konietzny|website=n-tv.de|access-date=17 November 2019|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813175710/https://www.n-tv.de/politik/Spoiler-Merkel-bleibt-article21024105.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Hans Michelbach]]<ref>[https://www.np-coburg.de/inhalt.coburg-bundestagswahl-michelbach-tritt-nicht-mehr-fuer-coburg-kronach-an.058af25f-f56f-455f-8bab-18e48716b69a.html Michelbach tritt nicht mehr für Coburg im Bundestag an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201858/https://www.np-coburg.de/inhalt.coburg-bundestagswahl-michelbach-tritt-nicht-mehr-fuer-coburg-kronach-an.058af25f-f56f-455f-8bab-18e48716b69a.html |date=24 June 2021 }} (German)</ref> |
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* [[Elisabeth Motschmann]]<ref>[https://www.bild.de/regional/bremen/bremen-aktuell/bremen-motschmann-zieht-kandidatur-zurueck-75278278.bild.html Bremen: Motschmann zieht Kandidatur zurück] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210200905/https://www.bild.de/regional/bremen/bremen-aktuell/bremen-motschmann-zieht-kandidatur-zurueck-75278278.bild.html |date=10 February 2021 }} ''[[Bild]]'', February 8, 2021.</ref> |
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* [[Gerd Müller (politician)|Gerd Müller]],<ref>Christian Deutschländer (September 13, 2020), [https://www.merkur.de/politik/gerd-mueller-csu-entwicklungsminister-merkel-kabinett-regierung-csu-schluss-politik-90042706.html CSU-Minister Gerd Müller kündigt überraschend Rückzug aus der Politik an - „Großer Verlust“] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204165851/https://www.merkur.de/politik/gerd-mueller-csu-entwicklungsminister-merkel-kabinett-regierung-csu-schluss-politik-90042706.html |date=4 February 2021 }} ''[[Münchner Merkur]]''.</ref> incumbent [[Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (Germany)|Minister of Economic Cooperation and Development]] |
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* [[Michaela Noll]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mettmann|first=Schaufenster|date=2019-08-23|title=Die Kreis-CDU äußert sich zu Michaela Nolls Abschied 2021: "Wir bedauern ihre Entscheidung"|url=https://www.schaufenster-mettmann.de/kreis/wir-bedauern-ihre-entscheidung_aid-45297455|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117182538/https://www.schaufenster-mettmann.de/kreis/wir-bedauern-ihre-entscheidung_aid-45297455|archive-date=17 November 2019|access-date=|website=Schaufenster Mettmann}}</ref> |
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* [[Georg Nüßlein]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/corona-maskendeal-ruecktritt-100.html |title=Zdf.de: Corona Maskenskandal |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=10 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310204153/https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/corona-maskendeal-ruecktritt-100.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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* [[Martin Patzelt]]<ref>[https://www.moz.de/lokales/frankfurt-oder/politiker-aus-frankfurt-_oder_-der-bundestagsabgeordnete-martin-patzelt-und-das-finale-seiner-politischen-laufbahn-54833818.html Moz.de: Der Bundestagsabgeordnete Martin Patzelt und das Finale seiner politischen Laufbahn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203604/https://www.moz.de/lokales/frankfurt-oder/politiker-aus-frankfurt-_oder_-der-bundestagsabgeordnete-martin-patzelt-und-das-finale-seiner-politischen-laufbahn-54833818.html |date=24 June 2021 }} (German)</ref> |
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* [[Joachim Pfeiffer]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/stuttgart/pfeiffer-legt-amt-nieder-100.html|title=Waiblinger CDU-Abgeordneter Pfeiffer verzichtet auf neuerliche Kandidatur für den Bundestag|first1=S. W. R.|last1=Aktuell|website=swr.online|access-date=1 May 2021|archive-date=1 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501004103/https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/stuttgart/pfeiffer-legt-amt-nieder-100.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Eckhardt Rehberg]]<ref name="SVG">[https://www.svz.de/regionales/mecklenburg-vorpommern/Viele-neue-Gesichter-unter-den-Kandidaten-fuer-die-Bundestagswahl-in-MV-id29961687.html Wer beerbt Merkel, Rehberg, Bluhm und Co?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923010228/https://www.svz.de/regionales/mecklenburg-vorpommern/Viele-neue-Gesichter-unter-den-Kandidaten-fuer-die-Bundestagswahl-in-MV-id29961687.html |date=23 September 2021 }} (German)</ref> |
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* [[Lothar Riebsamen]]<ref>[https://www.swr.de/swraktuell/baden-wuerttemberg/friedrichshafen/cdu-bundestagsabgeordneter-lothar-riebsamen-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-wahlkreis-bodensee-100.html Weingarten: Lothar Riebsamen kandidiert nicht mehr für den Bundestag]{{Dead link|date=February 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''[[Südwestrundfunk]]'', July 9, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Anita Schäfer]]<ref>Andreas Ganter (August 19, 2020), [https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/pirmasens_artikel,-bundestagsabgeordnete-anita-sch%C3%A4fer-macht-nach-%C3%BCber-20-jahren-platz-f%C3%BCr-die-n%C3%A4chste-generation-_arid,5100070.html?reduced=true Bundestagsabgeordnete Anita Schäfer macht nach über 20 Jahren Platz für die nächste Generation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831112458/https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/pirmasens_artikel,-bundestagsabgeordnete-anita-sch%C3%A4fer-macht-nach-%C3%BCber-20-jahren-platz-f%C3%BCr-die-n%C3%A4chste-generation-_arid,5100070.html?reduced=true |date=31 August 2020 }} ''[[Die Rheinpfalz]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Klaus-Peter Schulze]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Direktkandidat der CDU: Niggemann will vom Cottbuser Rathaus in den Bundestag|periodical=Niederlausitz-aktuell.de|publisher=|url=https://www.niederlausitz-aktuell.de/cottbus/85265/direktkandidat-der-cdu-niggemann-will-vom-cottbuser-rathaus-in-den-bundestag.html|access-date=|last=|date=2021-01-07|language=|pages=|quote=|archive-date=26 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626231928/https://www.niederlausitz-aktuell.de/cottbus/85265/direktkandidat-der-cdu-niggemann-will-vom-cottbuser-rathaus-in-den-bundestag.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Uwe Schummer]]<ref>Andreas Reiner (December 26, 2019), [https://rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/kempen/rp-gespraech-mit-dem-cdu-bundestagsabgeordneten-uwe-schummer_aid-47741647 RP-Gespräch mit dem CDU-Bundestagsabgeordneten Uwe Schummer: Erfolge der Koalition besser verkaufen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706231756/https://rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/kempen/rp-gespraech-mit-dem-cdu-bundestagsabgeordneten-uwe-schummer_aid-47741647 |date=6 July 2020 }} ''[[Rheinische Post]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Patrick Sensburg]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2021-04/friedrich-merz-bundestag-direktmandat-sauerland-cdu-patrick-sensburg |title=Zeit.de: Friedrich Merz zum Direktkandidaten der CDU im Sauerland gewählt (German) |access-date=1 May 2021 |archive-date=1 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501003442/https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2021-04/friedrich-merz-bundestag-direktmandat-sauerland-cdu-patrick-sensburg?utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.de%2F |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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* [[Frank Steffel]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-10-25|title=Frank Steffel kündigt Rückzug von der Politik an|url=https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2019/10/berlin-reinickendorf-frank-steffel-politik-Rueckzug.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117182540/https://www.rbb24.de/politik/beitrag/2019/10/berlin-reinickendorf-frank-steffel-politik-Rueckzug.html|archive-date=17 November 2019|access-date=|website=rbb24|language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[Karin Strenz]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ostsee-zeitung.de/Mecklenburg/Wismar/CDU-raeumt-auf-Muss-jetzt-auch-MV-Abgeordnete-Karin-Strenz-abtreten |title=Ostsee-Zeitung.de: CDU räumt auf |access-date=14 March 2021 |archive-date=13 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210313181106/https://www.ostsee-zeitung.de/Mecklenburg/Wismar/CDU-raeumt-auf-Muss-jetzt-auch-MV-Abgeordnete-Karin-Strenz-abtreten |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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* [[Peter Tauber]]<ref>[https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/cdu-peter-tauber-beendet-2021-seine-politische-karriere-17008725.html Peter Tauber beendet 2021 seine politische Karriere] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121224825/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/cdu-peter-tauber-beendet-2021-seine-politische-karriere-17008725.html |date=21 November 2020 }} ''[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]'', October 18, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Arnold Vaatz]]<ref name="Gunnar Saft, Thilo Alexe"/> |
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* [[Kees de Vries]]<ref name="Michael Bock"/> |
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* [[Peter Weiß]]<ref>Mark Alexander (July 17, 2020), [https://www.badische-zeitung.de/der-cdu-abgeordnete-peter-weiss-kandidiert-bei-der-bundestagswahl-2021-nicht-mehr--188227760.html Wahlkreis Emmendingen-Lahr: Der CDU-Abgeordnete Peter Weiß kandidiert bei der Bundestagswahl 2021 nicht mehr] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726113311/https://www.badische-zeitung.de/der-cdu-abgeordnete-peter-weiss-kandidiert-bei-der-bundestagswahl-2021-nicht-mehr--188227760.html |date=26 July 2020 }} ''[[Badische Zeitung]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Marian Wendt]]<ref>[https://www.lvz.de/Region/Delitzsch/Paukenschlag-in-Nordsachsen-Politik-Bundestagsabgeordneter-Marian-Wendt-kuendigt-Rueckzug-an Paukenschlag in Nordsachsen-Politik: Marian Wendt kündigt Rückzug an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116161351/https://www.lvz.de/Region/Delitzsch/Paukenschlag-in-Nordsachsen-Politik-Bundestagsabgeordneter-Marian-Wendt-kuendigt-Rueckzug-an |date=16 January 2021 }} ''[[Leipziger Volkszeitung]]'', September 2, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Tobias Zech]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article228680647/CSU-Abgeordneter-Zech-legt-Bundestagsmandat-und-Parteiaemter-nieder.html?source=k291_autocurated |title=Welt.de: Abgeordneter Zech legt Bundestagsmandat und Parteiämter nieder |access-date=19 March 2021 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420092530/https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article228680647/Tobias-Zech-CSU-Abgeordneter-legt-Bundestagsmandat-und-Parteiaemter-nieder.html?source=k291_autocurated |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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{{div col end}} |
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=== SPD === |
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{{div col|colwidth=20em}} |
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* [[Bela Bach]]<ref>spiegel.de: [https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/bela-bach-spd-juengste-bundestagsabgeordnete-zieht-sich-aus-der-politik-zurueck-a-a49f29be-54aa-433d-8696-cc8014f91db6 ''SPD-Abgeordnete Bach zieht sich aus der Politik zurück''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318162408/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/bela-bach-spd-juengste-bundestagsabgeordnete-zieht-sich-aus-der-politik-zurueck-a-a49f29be-54aa-433d-8696-cc8014f91db6 |date=18 March 2021 }}</ref> |
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* [[Lothar Binding]]<ref>Michael Abschlag (April 4, 2020), [https://www.rnz.de/nachrichten/metropolregion_artikel,-heidelberg-spd-abgeordneter-lothar-binding-verlaesst-2021-den-bundestag-_arid,508035.html Heidelberg: SPD-Abgeordneter Lothar Binding verlässt 2021 den Bundestag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109171259/https://www.rnz.de/nachrichten/metropolregion_artikel,-heidelberg-spd-abgeordneter-lothar-binding-verlaesst-2021-den-bundestag-_arid,508035.html |date=9 January 2021 }} ''Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung''.</ref> |
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* [[Ingrid Arndt-Brauer]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Sarah Lahrkamp zieht es nach Berlin|periodical=Wn.de|publisher=Westfälische Nachrichten|url=http://www.wn.de/article/sarah-lahrkamp-zieht-es-nach-b-1075097|format=|access-date=|last=|date=2021-02-12|language=de|pages=|quote=|archive-date=30 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130172551/https://www.wn.de/muensterland/kreis-steinfurt/ochtrup/sarah-lahrkamp-zieht-es-nach-berlin-1075097|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Fritz Felgentreu]]<ref>Georg Ismar and Ulrich Zawatka-Gerlach (June 11, 2020), [https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/spd-fraktion-verliert-verteidigungsfachmann-fritz-felgentreu-kuendigt-seinen-abschied-an/25908574.html SPD-Fraktion verliert Verteidigungsfachmann: Fritz Felgentreu kündigt seinen Abschied an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005230603/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/spd-fraktion-verliert-verteidigungsfachmann-fritz-felgentreu-kuendigt-seinen-abschied-an/25908574.html |date=5 October 2020 }} ''[[Der Tagesspiegel]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Ulrich Freese]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Bundestagswahl 2021: Was Sie über die Lausitzer Kandidaten, Fristen und Parteien wissen müssen|periodical=Lr-online.de|publisher=[[Lausitzer Rundschau]]|url=https://www.lr-online.de/nachrichten/brandenburg/bundestagswahl-2021-kanidaten-fristen-termine-51383654.html|access-date=|last=Bodo Baumert|date=2021-04-27|language=de|pages=|quote=|archive-date=4 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504143221/https://www.lr-online.de/nachrichten/brandenburg/bundestagswahl-2021-kanidaten-fristen-termine-51383654.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Dagmar Freitag]]<ref>Jürgen Overkott (November 12, 2020), [https://www.wp.de/staedte/balve/nachfolge-von-dagmar-freitag-so-will-yalcin-geyhan-punkten-id230899680.html Nachfolge von Dagmar Freitag: So will Yalçin Geyhan punkten] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113064138/https://www.wp.de/staedte/balve/nachfolge-von-dagmar-freitag-so-will-yalcin-geyhan-punkten-id230899680.html |date=13 November 2020 }} ''Westfalenpost''.</ref> |
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* [[Barbara Hendricks (politician)|Barbara Hendricks]],<ref name= "Kevelaerer Blatt">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kevelaerer-blatt.de/wenn-man-politik-macht-muss-man-menschen-moegen/ |title=Kevelaerer-Blatt.de: Wenn man Politik macht, muss man Menschen mögen |access-date=2 March 2021 |archive-date=20 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420092532/https://www.kevelaerer-blatt.de/wenn-man-politik-macht-muss-man-menschen-moegen/ |url-status=live }}</ref> former minister of [[Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety]] |
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* [[Marcus Held]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allgemeine-zeitung.de/lokales/oppenheim/oppenheim/affare-marcus-held-das-spenden-gespenst-ist-zuruck_23252597 |title=Allgemeine Zeitung: Affäre Marcus Held |date=2 March 2021 |access-date=16 March 2021 |archive-date=2 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302115316/https://www.allgemeine-zeitung.de/lokales/oppenheim/oppenheim/affare-marcus-held-das-spenden-gespenst-ist-zuruck_23252597 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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* [[Gustav Herzog]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-11-03|title=Kaiserslauterer SPD-Bundestagskandidatur: Fünf Bewerber|url=https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/kaiserslautern/artikel/kaiserslauterer-spd-bundestagskandidatur-fuenf-bewerber/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117182531/https://www.rheinpfalz.de/lokal/kaiserslautern/artikel/kaiserslauterer-spd-bundestagskandidatur-fuenf-bewerber/|archive-date=17 November 2019|access-date=|website=rheinpfalz.de|language=de}}</ref> |
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* [[Gabriele Hiller-Ohm]] |
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* [[Thomas Jurk]]<ref>Sebastian Beutler (October 4, 2020), [https://www.saechsische.de/goerlitz/politik/ex-spd-chef-sachsen-thomas-jurk-bundestag-politik-rueckzug-5287734-plus.html Bundestag: Sachsens früherer SPD-Chef hört auf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026160840/https://www.saechsische.de/goerlitz/politik/ex-spd-chef-sachsen-thomas-jurk-bundestag-politik-rueckzug-5287734-plus.html |date=26 October 2020 }} ''[[Sächsische Zeitung]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Arno Klare]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lokalklick.eu/2020/11/13/sebastian-fiedler-bewirbt-sich-fuer-bundestagswahlkreis-muelheim-essen-i/|title=Sebastian Fiedler bewirbt sich für Bundestagswahlkreis Mülheim – Essen I|date=13 November 2020|access-date=21 September 2021|archive-date=21 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921160822/https://lokalklick.eu/2020/11/13/sebastian-fiedler-bewirbt-sich-fuer-bundestagswahlkreis-muelheim-essen-i/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Daniela Kolbe]]<ref>[https://www.bild.de/regional/leipzig/leipzig-news/leipziger-spd-abgeordnete-kolbe-macht-schluss-mit-bundestag-65250324.bild.html Leipziger SPD-Abgeordnete: Kolbe macht Schluss mit Bundestag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028063503/https://www.bild.de/regional/leipzig/leipzig-news/leipziger-spd-abgeordnete-kolbe-macht-schluss-mit-bundestag-65250324.bild.html |date=28 October 2020 }} ''[[Bild]]'', October 10, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Ralf Kapschack]]<ref>Jürgen Augstein-Peschel (October 14, 2020), [https://www.waz.de/staedte/witten/spd-in-witten-kapschack-tritt-nicht-mehr-fuer-bundestag-an-id230663346.html SPD in Witten: Kapschack tritt nicht mehr für Bundestag an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018073952/https://www.waz.de/staedte/witten/spd-in-witten-kapschack-tritt-nicht-mehr-fuer-bundestag-an-id230663346.html |date=18 October 2020 }} ''[[Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Christine Lambrecht]], incumbent [[Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection|Minister for Justice and Consumer Protection]]<ref>[https://www.morgenweb.de/mannheimer-morgen_artikel,-politik-bundesjustizministerin-christine-lambrecht-spd-tritt-nicht-mehr-an-_arid,1683993.html Bundesjustizministerin Christine Lambrecht (SPD) tritt nicht mehr an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201234125/https://www.morgenweb.de/mannheimer-morgen_artikel,-politik-bundesjustizministerin-christine-lambrecht-spd-tritt-nicht-mehr-an-_arid,1683993.html |date=1 February 2021 }} ''Mannheimer Morgen'', September 5, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Christian Lange (politician)|Christian Lange]]<ref>[https://www.schwaebische.de/landkreis/ostalbkreis/schwaebisch-gmuend_artikel,-christian-lange-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-f%C3%BCr-den-bundestag-_arid,11232055.html Christian Lange kandidiert nicht mehr für den Bundestag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610062834/https://www.schwaebische.de/landkreis/ostalbkreis/schwaebisch-gmuend_artikel%2C-christian-lange-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-f%C3%BCr-den-bundestag-_arid%2C11232055.html |date=10 June 2020 }} ''[[Schwäbische Zeitung]]'', June 9, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Kirsten Lühmann]]<ref>Christoph Zimmer (August 28, 2020), [https://www.cellesche-zeitung.de/Celle/Aus-der-Stadt/Celle-Stadt/Bundestagsabgeordnete-Kirsten-Luehmann-SPD-aus-Celle-tritt-nicht-mehr-an Kirsten Lühmann (SPD) tritt nicht wieder an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016214319/https://www.cellesche-zeitung.de/Celle/Aus-der-Stadt/Celle-Stadt/Bundestagsabgeordnete-Kirsten-Luehmann-SPD-aus-Celle-tritt-nicht-mehr-an |date=16 October 2020 }} ''[[Cellesche Zeitung]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Caren Marks]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.neustaedter-zeitung.de/artikel/11598.html|title=Caren Marks will 2021 nicht noch einmal für den Bundestag kandidieren|first=Besser|last=informiert!|website=neustaedter-zeitung.de|access-date=17 November 2019|archive-date=17 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117182538/https://www.neustaedter-zeitung.de/artikel/11598.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Christoph Matschie]]<ref>[https://www.mdr.de/thueringen/christoph-matschie-spd-kandidiert-nicht-bundestag-100.html Abschied von politischer Bühne SPD-Politiker Christoph Matschie kandidiert nicht mehr für Bundestag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130004245/https://www.mdr.de/thueringen/christoph-matschie-spd-kandidiert-nicht-bundestag-100.html |date=30 November 2020 }} ''[[Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk]]'', September 11, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Hilde Mattheis]]<ref>Johannes Rauneker (July 3, 2020), [https://www.schwaebische.de/landkreis/alb-donau-kreis/ulm_artikel,-mattheis-kehrt-bundespolitik-den-r%C3%BCcken-ulmer-spd-muss-sich-neu-aufstellen-_arid,11241620.html Mattheis kehrt Bundespolitik den Rücken: Ulmer SPD muss sich neu aufstellen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704214403/https://www.schwaebische.de/landkreis/alb-donau-kreis/ulm_artikel,-mattheis-kehrt-bundespolitik-den-r%C3%BCcken-ulmer-spd-muss-sich-neu-aufstellen-_arid,11241620.html |date=4 July 2020 }} ''[[Schwäbische Zeitung]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Markus Paschke]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Bundestag: Markus Paschke verzichtet auf Kandidatur|work=Ostfriesen-Zeitung|url=http://www.oz-online.de/-news/artikel/883826/Bundestag-Markus-Paschke-verzichtet-auf-Kandidatur|access-date=4 October 2021|last=Jonas Bothe|date=19 October 2020|language=de|archive-date=3 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603194203/https://www.oz-online.de/-news/artikel/883826/Bundestag-Markus-Paschke-verzichtet-auf-Kandidatur|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Florian Pronold]]<ref>[https://www.br.de/nachrichten/bayern/florian-pronold-tritt-nicht-mehr-bei-bundestagswahl-an,SDZK6bu Bayerischer Rundfunk: Florian Pronold tritt nicht mehr bei Bundestagswahl an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010092348/https://www.br.de/nachrichten/bayern/florian-pronold-tritt-nicht-mehr-bei-bundestagswahl-an,SDZK6bu |date=10 October 2021 }}, October 2020 (German)</ref> |
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* [[Sascha Raabe]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.main-echo.de/regional/rhein-main-hessen/bundestag-kuenftig-ohne-sascha-raabe-art-6064282|title=Bundestag künftig ohne Sascha Raabe {{pipe}} Foto: foto di matti|first=Thomas|last=Jungewelter|date=20 June 2018|website=main-echo.de|access-date=17 February 2021|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420092531/https://www.main-echo.de/regional/rhein-main-hessen/bundestag-kuenftig-ohne-sascha-raabe-art-6064282|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Ernst Dieter Rossmann]]<ref>Alexander Sulanke (July 7, 2020), [https://www.abendblatt.de/region/pinneberg/article229464348/Ernst-Dieter-Rossmann-hoert-auf-und-wirbt-fuer-Olaf-Scholz.html Ernst Dieter Rossmann hört auf – und wirbt für Olaf Scholz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214232017/https://www.abendblatt.de/region/pinneberg/article229464348/Ernst-Dieter-Rossmann-hoert-auf-und-wirbt-fuer-Olaf-Scholz.html |date=14 December 2020 }} ''[[Hamburger Abendblatt]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Ulla Schmidt]],<ref>[https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/spd-bundestagsvizepraesident-oppermann-schmidt-ziegler-1.5117280 Sueddeutsche.de: Eine Kandidatin zu viel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010092348/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/spd-bundestagsvizepraesident-oppermann-schmidt-ziegler-1.5117280 |date=10 October 2021 }} (German)</ref> former minister of [[Federal Ministry of Health (Germany)|Federal Ministry of Health]] |
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* [[Ursula Schulte]]<ref>Horst Andresen (July 23, 2020), [https://www.borkenerzeitung.de/lokales/kreisborken/Ursula-Schulte-tritt-2021-nicht-mehr-an-293601.html Ursula Schulte tritt 2021 nicht mehr an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724074203/https://www.borkenerzeitung.de/lokales/kreisborken/Ursula-Schulte-tritt-2021-nicht-mehr-an-293601.html |date=24 July 2020 }} ''Borkener Zeitung''.</ref> |
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* [[Martin Schulz]], SPD candidate for Chancellor in the 2017 federal election<ref>[https://www.aachener-nachrichten.de/politik/deutschland/ich-brenne-weiter-fuer-die-sache_aid-55222725 Interview mit Martin Schulz: „Ich brenne weiter für die Sache“] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126053334/https://www.aachener-nachrichten.de/politik/deutschland/ich-brenne-weiter-fuer-die-sache_aid-55222725 |date=26 January 2021 }} ''[[Aachener Nachrichten]]'', December 15, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Swen Schulz]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Zawatka-Gerlach|first=Ulrich|date=2018-08-16|title=Sozialdemokrat Swen Schulz kandidiert nicht mehr für Bundestag|url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/spd-berlin-sozialdemokrat-swen-schulz-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-fuer-bundestag/22919642.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117182540/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/spd-berlin-sozialdemokrat-swen-schulz-kandidiert-nicht-mehr-fuer-bundestag/22919642.html|archive-date=17 November 2019|access-date=2020-11-23|newspaper=Der Tagesspiegel Online}}</ref> |
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* [[Rainer Spiering]]<ref>''Bundestagswahl wirft Schatten voraus: Wer wechselt vom Landtag in den Bundestag?'' in: ''Rundblick – Politikjournal für Niedersachsen'' Nr. 108/2020, June 10, 2020, p. 3.</ref> |
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* [[Sonja Steffen]]<ref name="SVG"/> |
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* [[Kerstin Tack]]<ref>[https://www.haz.de/Hannover/Aus-der-Stadt/Hannoversche-SPD-Abgeordnete-Kerstin-Tack-will-nicht-wieder-in-den-Bundestag Hannoversche SPD-Abgeordnete: Kerstin Tack will nicht wieder in den Bundestag] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420092533/https://www.haz.de/Hannover/Aus-der-Stadt/Hannoversche-SPD-Abgeordnete-Kerstin-Tack-will-nicht-wieder-in-den-Bundestag |date=20 April 2021 }} ''[[Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung]]'', August 26, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Gabi Weber]]<ref>[https://www.blick-aktuell.de/Politik/Ich-werde-nicht-mehr-kandidieren-434530.html „Ich werde nicht mehr kandidieren“] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923010657/https://www.blick-aktuell.de/Politik/Ich-werde-nicht-mehr-kandidieren-434530.html |date=23 September 2021 }}(German)</ref> |
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* [[Dagmar Ziegler]], incumbent [[Presidium of the Bundestag|Vice President of the Bundestag]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lassiwe|first=Benjamin|date=2019-12-16|title=Dagmar Ziegler tritt nicht wieder an: SPD-Bundestagsabgeordnete hört 2021 auf|url=https://www.pnn.de/brandenburg/dagmar-ziegler-tritt-nicht-wieder-an-spd-bundestagsabgeordnete-hoert-2021-auf/25341104.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228211501/https://www.pnn.de/brandenburg/dagmar-ziegler-tritt-nicht-wieder-an-spd-bundestagsabgeordnete-hoert-2021-auf/25341104.html|archive-date=28 December 2019|access-date=|website=Potsdamer Neueste Nachrichten|language=de}}</ref> |
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{{div col end}} |
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=== FDP === |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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* [[Grigorios Aggelidis]]<ref>[https://fdp-nds.de/landesliste-der-fdp-niedersachsen-bis-platz-12-zur-bundestagswahl-gewaehlt FDP Niedersachsen: Landesliste der FDP Niedersachsen bis Platz 12 zur Bundestagswahl gewählt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624202151/https://fdp-nds.de/landesliste-der-fdp-niedersachsen-bis-platz-12-zur-bundestagswahl-gewaehlt |date=24 June 2021 }}, Jun 5, 2021 (German)</ref> |
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* [[Britta Dassler]]<ref>[https://www.nordbayern.de/region/erlangen/unzufrieden-mit-der-arbeit-britta-dassler-fallt-bei-fdp-abstimmung-durch-1.10460185 Nordbayern.de: Unzufried mit der Arbeit, Britta Dassler fällt bei FDP-Abstimmung durch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704153113/https://www.nordbayern.de/region/erlangen/unzufrieden-mit-der-arbeit-britta-dassler-fallt-bei-fdp-abstimmung-durch-1.10460185 |date=4 July 2021 }}, (German)</ref> |
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* [[Hartmut Ebbing]]<ref>[https://hebbing.abgeordnete.fdpbt.de/beendigung-meines-bundestagsmandates Beendigung meines Bundestagsmandates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203056/https://hebbing.abgeordnete.fdpbt.de/beendigung-meines-bundestagsmandates |date=24 June 2021 }}, (German)</ref> |
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* [[Ulla Ihnen]]<ref>[https://www.neuepresse.de/Hannover/Meine-Stadt/Schluss-mit-Bundestag-Ulla-Ihnen-FDP-freut-sich-auf-neue-Freizeit Neue Presse: Schluss mit Bundestag, Ulla Ihnen freut sich auf neue Freizeit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204619/https://www.neuepresse.de/Hannover/Meine-Stadt/Schluss-mit-Bundestag-Ulla-Ihnen-FDP-freut-sich-auf-neue-Freizeit |date=24 June 2021 }}, (German)</ref> |
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* [[Marcel Klinge]]<ref>[https://www.suedkurier.de/region/schwarzwald/schwarzwald-baar-kreis/marcel-klinge-verzichtet-auf-vorderen-fdp-listen-platz-und-damit-auf-die-chance-wieder-in-den-bundestag-gewaehlt-zu-werden;art372502,10635124 Südkurier.de: Marcel Klinge verzichtet auf vorderen FDP-Listen-Platz und damit auf die Chance, wieder in den Bundestag gewählt zu werden] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923010655/https://www.suedkurier.de/region/schwarzwald/schwarzwald-baar-kreis/marcel-klinge-verzichtet-auf-vorderen-fdp-listen-platz-und-damit-auf-die-chance-wieder-in-den-bundestag-gewaehlt-zu-werden;art372502,10635124 |date=23 September 2021 }} October 2020, (German)</ref> |
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* [[Alexander Kulitz]]<ref>[https://www.fdpbw.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Gesammtergebnisse-LVV2020.pdf FDP Baden-Württemberg.de: Gesamtergebnisse 2021] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926232434/https://www.fdpbw.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Gesammtergebnisse-LVV2020.pdf |date=26 September 2021 }}, (German)</ref> |
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* [[Roman Müller-Böhm]]<ref>[https://www.fdp.nrw/sites/default/files/2021-03/Einzelwahlen.pdf FDP.NRW.de: Einzelwahlen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210323112318/https://www.fdp.nrw/sites/default/files/2021-03/Einzelwahlen.pdf |date=23 March 2021 }}, (German)</ref> |
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* [[Martin Neumann]]<ref>[https://www.fdp-brandenburg.de/2021/03/21/fdp-stellt-landesliste-zur-bundestagswahl-2021-auf/ FDP Brandenburg: FDP stellt Landesliste zur Bundestagswahl 2021 auf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624221136/https://www.fdp-brandenburg.de/2021/03/21/fdp-stellt-landesliste-zur-bundestagswahl-2021-auf/ |date=24 June 2021 }}, (German)</ref> |
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* [[Wieland Schinnenburg]]<ref>[https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/hamburg/Hamburger-FDP-waehlt-Michael-Kruse-zum-Spitzenkandidaten-,fdp1004.html NDR.de: Hamburger FDP wählt Michael Kruse zum Spitzenkandidaten] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428022425/https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/hamburg/Hamburger-FDP-waehlt-Michael-Kruse-zum-Spitzenkandidaten-,fdp1004.html |date=28 April 2021 }}, (German)</ref> |
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* [[Frank Sitta]]<ref>Kai Gauselmann (July 8, 2020), [https://www.mz-web.de/sachsen-anhalt/landespolitik/in-kritik-geraten-fdp-landeschef-frank-sitta-kuendigt-rueckzug-an-36981406 In Kritik geraten FDP-Landeschef: Frank Sitta kündigt Rückzug an ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420092536/https://www.mz.de/mitteldeutschland/sachsen-anhalt/frank-sitta-fdp-landeschef-kundigt-ruckzug-an-1687257 |date=20 April 2021 }} ''[[Mitteldeutsche Zeitung]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Hermann Otto Solms]], [[Father of the House]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Soßdorf|first=Rüdiger|date=2019-01-28|title=Hermann Otto Solms: "Sehe für die AfD im Landkreis Gießen auf Dauer keine Zukunft"|url=https://www.giessener-allgemeine.de/kreis-giessen/lich-ort848773/hermann-otto-solms-sehe-landkreis-giessen-dauer-keine-zukunft-12157920.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117182537/https://www.giessener-allgemeine.de/kreis-giessen/lich-ort848773/hermann-otto-solms-sehe-landkreis-giessen-dauer-keine-zukunft-12157920.html|archive-date=17 November 2019|access-date=|website=giessener-allgemeine.de}}</ref> |
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* [[Katja Suding]]<ref>[https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/katja-suding-fdp-chefin-scheidet-aus-politik-aus-a-e8b77e3d-d045-4d8d-a94c-7a773d077fd5 Rückzug Hamburger: FDP-Chefin Katja Suding scheidet aus Politik aus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922201910/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/katja-suding-fdp-chefin-scheidet-aus-politik-aus-a-e8b77e3d-d045-4d8d-a94c-7a773d077fd5 |date=22 September 2020 }} ''[[Der Spiegel]]'', September 5, 2020.</ref> |
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{{div col end}} |
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=== Greens === |
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* [[Anja Hajduk]]<ref>Andreas Dey (September 10, 2020), [https://www.abendblatt.de/hamburg/kommunales/article230380050/anja-hajduk-gruene-bundestag-mandat-zurueck-ziehen-hamburg-senatorin-moorburg.html Anja Hajduk: Grünen-Politikerin zieht sich aus Bundestag zurück] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202231602/https://www.abendblatt.de/hamburg/kommunales/article230380050/anja-hajduk-gruene-bundestag-mandat-zurueck-ziehen-hamburg-senatorin-moorburg.html|date=2 December 2020}} ''[[Hamburger Abendblatt]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Sylvia Kotting-Uhl]]<ref>Theo Westermann (January 22, 2020), [https://bnn.de/lokales/karlsruhe/karlsruher-bundestagsabgeordnete-kotting-uhl-tritt-nicht-mehr-an Karlsruher Bundestagsabgeordnete Kotting-Uhl tritt nicht mehr an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200123172751/https://bnn.de/lokales/karlsruhe/karlsruher-bundestagsabgeordnete-kotting-uhl-tritt-nicht-mehr-an|date=23 January 2020}} ''[[Badische Neueste Nachrichten]]''.</ref> |
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* [[Monika Lazar]]<ref>[https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/sachsen/politik/gruene-wollen-historisches-ergebnis-bei-bundestagswahl-100.html Delegiertenversammlung: Sachsens Grüne gehen mit Spitzentrio in die Bundestagswahl] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427223036/https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/sachsen/politik/gruene-wollen-historisches-ergebnis-bei-bundestagswahl-100.html|date=27 April 2021}} ''[[Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk]]'', April 24, 2021.</ref> |
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* [[Friedrich Ostendorff]]<ref>[https://www.topagrar.com/management-und-politik/news/ostendorff-tritt-zur-bundestagswahl-2021-nicht-wieder-an-12379449.html Ostendorff tritt zur Bundestagswahl 2021 nicht wieder an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923010652/https://www.topagrar.com/management-und-politik/news/ostendorff-tritt-zur-bundestagswahl-2021-nicht-wieder-an-12379449.html|date=23 September 2021}} ''Topagrar'', October 19, 2020.</ref> |
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* [[Frithjof Schmidt]]<ref>[https://rp-online.de/politik/deutschland/bundestagswahl/bundestagswahl-2021-in-bochum-wahllokale-kandidaten-parteien_aid-58809233 Was Sie zur Bundestagswahl 2021 in Bochum wissen müssen] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613142048/https://rp-online.de/politik/deutschland/bundestagswahl/bundestagswahl-2021-in-bochum-wahllokale-kandidaten-parteien_aid-58809233|date=13 June 2021}} ''[[Rheinische Post]]'', June 6, 2021.</ref> |
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=== The Left === |
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{{div col|colwidth=30em}} |
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* [[Heidrun Bluhm]]<ref name="SVG"/> |
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* [[Sylvia Gabelmann]]<ref>[https://sylvia-gabelmann.de/2020/11/26/persoenliche-erklaerung-zur-bundestagswahl-2021/ Persönliche Erklärung im November 2020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416223619/https://sylvia-gabelmann.de/2020/11/26/persoenliche-erklaerung-zur-bundestagswahl-2021/ |date=16 April 2021 }}, (German)</ref> |
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* [[Fabio De Masi]]<ref>[https://m.tagesspiegel.de/politik/abgang-mit-knalleffekt-warum-der-linke-finanzexperte-fabio-de-masi-dem-bundestag-ciao-sagt/26951272.html Tagesspiegel.de: Abgang mit Knalleffekt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227005758/https://m.tagesspiegel.de/politik/abgang-mit-knalleffekt-warum-der-linke-finanzexperte-fabio-de-masi-dem-bundestag-ciao-sagt/26951272.html |date=27 February 2021 }} (German)</ref> |
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* [[Ulla Jelpke]]<ref>[https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/1144977.ulla-jelpke-erfahrene-linke.html Neues Deutschland-Aktuell.de: Nach fast 30 Jahren im Bundestag tritt Ulla Jelpke nicht wieder an.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205430/https://www.nd-aktuell.de/artikel/1144977.ulla-jelpke-erfahrene-linke.html |date=24 June 2021 }} (German)</ref> |
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* [[Sabine Leidig]]<ref>[https://www.fr.de/thema/bundestagswahl-ere754863/janine-wissler-fuehrt-linke-in-die-wahl-90781182.html Frankfurter Rundschau: Die Linke in Hessen: Janine Wissler führt ihre Partei in die Bundestagswahl ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624201427/https://www.fr.de/thema/bundestagswahl-ere754863/janine-wissler-fuehrt-linke-in-die-wahl-90781182.html |date=24 June 2021 }} (German)</ref> |
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* [[Stefan Liebich]]<ref>[https://m.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/berliner-linken-abgeordneter-stefan-liebich-will-nicht-erneut-fuer-bundestag-kandidieren/25565546.html Tagesspiegel.de: Berliner Linken Abgeordneter Stefan Liebich will nicht erneut für Bundestag kandidieren] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210317012538/https://m.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/berliner-linken-abgeordneter-stefan-liebich-will-nicht-erneut-fuer-bundestag-kandidieren/25565546.html |date=17 March 2021 }}, (German)</ref> |
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* [[Michael Leutert]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Plenarprotokoll 19/198|periodical=Deutscher Bundestag|publisher=|url=https://dipbt.bundestag.de/dip21/btp/19/19198.pdf|access-date=|last=|date=2020-12-09|language=|pages=25010|quote=|archive-date=10 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210090218/https://dipbt.bundestag.de/dip21/btp/19/19198.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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* [[Niema Movassat]]<ref>[https://movassat.de/zeit-fuer-veraenderung-persoenliche-erklaerung-von-niema-movassat-zur-bundestagswahl-2021 Movassat.de: Zeit für persönliche Veränderung] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624231459/https://movassat.de/zeit-fuer-veraenderung-persoenliche-erklaerung-von-niema-movassat-zur-bundestagswahl-2021 |date=24 June 2021 }}, June 15, 2020 (German)</ref> |
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* [[Kirsten Tackmann]]<ref>[https://www.agrarzeitung.de/nachrichten/personen/die-linke-tackmann-will-2021-nicht-mehr-kandidieren-91546?crefresh=1 Agrarzeitung.de: Tackmann tritt nicht mehr an] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203211/https://www.agrarzeitung.de/nachrichten/personen/die-linke-tackmann-will-2021-nicht-mehr-kandidieren-91546?crefresh=1 |date=24 June 2021 }} (German)</ref> |
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* [[Andreas Wagner (politician)|Andreas Wagner]]<ref>[https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/wolfratshausen/geretsrieder-politiker-im-bundestag-andreas-wagner-will-nicht-wieder-antreten-1.4859528 Sueddeutsche.de: Andreas Wagner will nicht wieder antreten] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403082421/https://www.sueddeutsche.de/muenchen/wolfratshausen/geretsrieder-politiker-im-bundestag-andreas-wagner-will-nicht-wieder-antreten-1.4859528 |date=3 April 2020 }}, (German)</ref> |
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* [[Hubertus Zdebel]]<ref>[https://www.dielinke-nrw.de/start/aktuell/detail/news/mit-dem-spitzenduo-wagenknecht-und-birkwald-in-den-bundestagswahlkampf/ Die Linke-NRW.de: Mit dem Spitzenduo Wagenknecht und Birkwald in den Bundestagswahlkampf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203125/https://www.dielinke-nrw.de/start/aktuell/detail/news/mit-dem-spitzenduo-wagenknecht-und-birkwald-in-den-bundestagswahlkampf/ |date=24 June 2021 }}, April 2021, (German)</ref> |
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{{div col end}} |
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=== Independents === |
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* [[Frauke Petry]], former leader of AfD<ref>{{Cite news |last= |first= |date=2019-11-05 |title=Frauke Petry kündigt Ende ihrer "Blauen Partei" an |language=de |website=DER SPIEGEL |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/frauke-petry-kuendigt-ende-ihrer-blauen-partei-an-a-1294984.html |url-status=live |access-date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191106162820/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/frauke-petry-kuendigt-ende-ihrer-blauen-partei-an-a-1294984.html |archive-date=6 November 2019}}</ref> |
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== Opinion polls == |
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{{main|Opinion polling for the 2021 German federal election}} |
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{{wide image|Opinion polls Germany 2021.svg|1000px|[[Local regression]] of polls conducted}} |
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=== Poll trackers === |
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Trackers of voting intentions and other election-related polling: |
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* [https://europeelects.eu/germany/ ''Europe Elects''] |
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* [https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/who-will-succeed-angela-merkel ''The Economist''] |
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* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/21/german-election-poll-tracker-who-will-be-the-next-chancellor ''The Guardian''] – includes breakdown of hypothetical coalition governments |
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* [https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2021/08/german-election-2021-new-statesman-s-poll-tracker ''New Statesman''] – includes polling of German voters' preferred chancellor and the issues they prioritise as well as a breakdown of hypothetical coalition governments |
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* [https://www.politico.eu/europe-poll-of-polls/germany/ ''Politico''] |
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== Results == |
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{{main|Results of the 2021 German federal election}} |
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Although the vote share of the [[South Schleswig Voters' Association]] (0.12%) was well below the 5% electoral threshold, due to its status of being representative of a recognised minority group (Danes and Frisians), an exception in federal law allowed the party to win one party-list seat. |
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{{Election results|image={{Parliament diagram |
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|background = #f8f9fa |
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|n1 = 39 | p1 = The Left (Germany) |
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|n2 = 206 | p2 = Social Democratic Party of Germany |
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|n3 = 118 | p3 = Alliance 90/The Greens |
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|n4 = 1 | p4 = South Schleswig Voters' Association |
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|n5 = 92 | p5 = Free Democratic Party (Germany) |
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|n6 = 152 | p6 = Christian Democratic Union of Germany |
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|n7 = 45 | p7 = Christian Social Union in Bavaria |
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|n8 = 83 | p8 = Alternative for Germany |
|||
}}|firstround=Party-list|secondround=Constituency|party1=[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democratic Party]]|votes1=11955434|seats1=85|votes1_2=12234690|seats1_2=121|totseats1=206|sc1=+53|party2=[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|Christian Democratic Union]]|votes2=8775471|seats2=54|votes2_2=10451524|seats2_2=98|totseats2=152|sc2=−48|party3=[[Alliance 90/The Greens]]|votes3=6852206|seats3=102|votes3_2=6469081|seats3_2=16|totseats3=118|sc3=+51|party4=[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]]|votes4=5319952|seats4=92|votes4_2=4042951|seats4_2=0|totseats4=92|sc4=+12|party5=[[Alternative for Germany]]|votes5=4803902|seats5=67|votes5_2=4695611|seats5_2=16|totseats5=83|sc5=−11|party6=[[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|Christian Social Union]]|votes6=2402827|seats6=0|votes6_2=2788048|seats6_2=45|totseats6=45|sc6=−1|party7=[[The Left (Germany)|The Left]]|votes7=2270906|seats7=36|votes7_2=2307536|seats7_2=3|totseats7=39|sc7=−30|party8=[[Free Voters]]|votes8=1127784|seats8=0|votes8_2=1334739|seats8_2=0|totseats8=0|sc8=0|party9=[[Human Environment Animal Protection]]|votes9=675353|seats9=0|votes9_2=163201|seats9_2=0|totseats9=0|sc9=0|party10=[[Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany|Grassroots Democratic Party]]|votes10=630153|seats10=0|votes10_2=735451|seats10_2=0|totseats10=0|sc10=New|party11=[[Die PARTEI]]|votes11=461570|seats11=0|votes11_2=543145|seats11_2=0|totseats11=0|sc11=0|party12=[[Team Todenhöfer]]|votes12=214535|seats12=0|votes12_2=5700|seats12_2=0|totseats12=0|sc12=New|party13=[[Pirate Party Germany]]|votes13=169923|seats13=0|votes13_2=60839|seats13_2=0|totseats13=0|sc13=0|party14=[[Volt Germany]]|votes14=165474|seats14=0|votes14_2=78339|seats14_2=0|totseats14=0|sc14=New|party15=[[Ecological Democratic Party]]|votes15=112314|seats15=0|votes15_2=152792|seats15_2=0|totseats15=0|sc15=0|party16=[[National Democratic Party of Germany|National Democratic Party]]|votes16=64574|seats16=0|votes16_2=1090|seats16_2=0|totseats16=0|sc16=0|party17=[[South Schleswig Voters' Association]]|votes17=55578|seats17=1|votes17_2=35027|seats17_2=0|totseats17=1|sc17=+1|party18=[[Partei für Gesundheitsforschung]]|votes18=49349|seats18=0|votes18_2=2842|seats18_2=0|totseats18=0|sc18=0|party19=[[Party of Humanists]]|votes19=47711|seats19=0|votes19_2=12730|seats19_2=0|totseats19=0|sc19=0|party20=[[Alliance C – Christians for Germany]]|votes20=39868|seats20=0|votes20_2=6222|seats20_2=0|totseats20=0|sc20=0|party21=[[Bavaria Party]]|votes21=32790|seats21=0|votes21_2=36748|seats21_2=0|totseats21=0|sc21=0|party22=[[V-Partei3]]|votes22=31884|seats22=0|votes22_2=10644|seats22_2=0|totseats22=0|sc22=0|party23={{ill|Independents for Citizen-oriented Democracy|de|Unabhängige für bürgernahe Demokratie}}|votes23=22736|seats23=0|votes23_2=13421|seats23_2=0|totseats23=0|sc23=0|color23=#FF9900|party24={{ill|The Greys – For All Generations|de|Die Grauen – Für alle Generationen}}|votes24=19443|seats24=0|votes24_2=2368|seats24_2=0|totseats24=0|sc24=0|color24={{party color|The Grays – For All Generations}}|party25=[[Die Urbane. Eine HipHop Partei]]|votes25=17811|seats25=0|votes25_2=1912|seats25_2=0|totseats25=0|sc25=0|party26=[[Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany|Marxist–Leninist Party]]|votes26=17799|seats26=0|votes26_2=22534|seats26_2=0|totseats26=0|sc26=0|party27=[[German Communist Party]]|votes27=14925|seats27=0|votes27_2=5446|seats27_2=0|totseats27=0|sc27=0|party28=[[Alliance for Human Rights, Animal and Nature Protection]]|votes28=13672|seats28=0|votes28_2=7371|seats28_2=0|totseats28=0|sc28=0|party29={{ill|European Party Love|de|Europäische Partei Liebe}}|votes29=12967|seats29=0|votes29_2=873|seats29_2=0|totseats29=0|sc29=New|color29=#DC2F28|party30=[[Liberal Conservative Reformers]]|votes30=11159|seats30=0|votes30_2=10767|seats30_2=0|totseats30=0|sc30=New|party31=Lobbyists for Children|votes31=9189|seats31=0|totseats31=0|sc31=New|color31=#D1165D|party32=[[Third Way (Germany)|Third Way]]|votes32=7832|seats32=0|votes32_2=515|seats32_2=0|totseats32=0|sc32=New|party33={{ill|Garden Party (Germany)|lt=Garden Party|de|Gartenpartei}}|votes33=7611|seats33=0|votes33_2=2095|seats33_2=0|totseats33=0|sc33=0|color33=#004800|party34=Citizens' Movement|votes34=7491|seats34=0|votes34_2=1556|seats34_2=0|totseats34=0|sc34=New|color34=#44AAE0|party35=[[Democracy in Motion]]|votes35=7184|seats35=0|votes35_2=2609|seats35_2=0|totseats35=0|sc35=0|party36={{ill|Menschliche Welt|de}}|votes36=3786|seats36=0|votes36_2=656|seats36_2=0|totseats36=0|sc36=0|color36={{party color|Menschliche Welt}}|party37={{ill|The Pinks/Alliance 21|de|Die Pinken/Bündnis21}}|votes37=3488|seats37=0|votes37_2=377|seats37_2=0|totseats37=0|sc37=New|color37=#E71F71|party38={{ill|Party of Progress|de|Partei des Fortschritts}}|votes38=3228|seats38=0|totseats38=0|sc38=New|color38=#F5A419|party39=[[Socialist Equality Party (Germany)|Socialist Equality Party]]|votes39=1417|seats39=0|totseats39=0|sc39=0|party40=[[Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität]]|votes40=727|seats40=0|votes40_2=811|seats40_2=0|totseats40=0|sc40=0|party41=[[Klimaliste|Klimaliste Baden-Württemberg]]|votes41_2=3967|seats41_2=0|totseats41=0|sc41=New|party42=[[Family Party of Germany|Family Party]]|votes42_2=1817|seats42_2=0|totseats42=0|sc42=0|party43={{ill|From now... Democracy by Referendum|de|Ab jetzt … Demokratie durch Volksabstimmung}}|votes43_2=1086|seats43_2=0|totseats43=0|sc43=0|color43={{party color|Volksabstimmung}}|party44={{ill|Grey Panthers (Germany)|lt=Grey Panthers|de|Graue Panther (Partei)}}|votes44_2=961|seats44_2=0|totseats44=0|sc44=New|color44=#566467|party45=Thuringian Homeland Party|votes45_2=549|seats45_2=0|totseats45=0|sc45=New|color45=#0083C1|party46=The Others|votes46_2=256|seats46_2=0|totseats46=0|sc46=New|color46=#BABABA|party47=[[Bergpartei, die "ÜberPartei"]]|votes47_2=222|seats47_2=0|totseats47=0|sc47=0|party48=[[Independent politician|Independents]] and voter groups|votes48_2=110894|seats48_2=0|totseats48=0|sc48=0|invalid=412485|invalid2=492495|total_sc=+27|electorate=61181072|electorate2=61181072|source=[https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2021/ergebnisse/bund-99.html Bundeswahlleiter]}} |
|||
=== Results by state === |
|||
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;line-height:14px" |
|||
! colspan="8" |Party list vote share by state<ref>{{Cite web |title=Results Germany - The Federal Returning Officer |url=https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2021/ergebnisse/bund-99.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928113624/https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2021/ergebnisse/bund-99.html |archive-date=28 September 2021 |access-date=27 September 2021 |website=www.bundeswahlleiter.de}}</ref> |
|||
|- style="height:40px;" |
|||
! rowspan="2" class="wikitable sortable" style="width:200px;" |[[States of Germany|State]] |
|||
! class="wikitable sortable" style="width:40px;" |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] |
|||
! class="wikitable sortable" style="width:40px;" |[[CDU/CSU|Union]] |
|||
! class="wikitable sortable" style="width:40px;" |[[Alliance 90/The Greens|Grüne]] |
|||
! class="wikitable sortable" style="width:40px;" |[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] |
|||
! class="wikitable sortable" style="width:40px;" |[[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] |
|||
! class="wikitable sortable" style="width:40px;" |[[The Left (Germany)|Linke]] |
|||
! rowspan="2" class="wikitable sortable" style="width:40px;" |Others |
|||
|- |
|||
! class="wikitable sortable" style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" | |
|||
! class="wikitable sortable" style="background:{{party color|CDU/CSU}};" | |
|||
! class="wikitable sortable" style="background:{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}};" | |
|||
! class="wikitable sortable" style="background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};" | |
|||
! class="wikitable sortable" style="background:{{party color|Alternative for Germany}};" | |
|||
! class="wikitable sortable" style="background:{{party color|The Left (Germany)}};" | |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Schleswig-Holstein}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''28.0''' |
|||
|22.0 |
|||
|18.3 |
|||
|12.5 |
|||
|6.8 |
|||
|3.6 |
|||
|8.7 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Mecklenburg-Vorpommern}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''29.1''' |
|||
|17.4 |
|||
|7.8 |
|||
|8.2 |
|||
|18.0 |
|||
|11.1 |
|||
|8.4 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Hamburg}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''29.7''' |
|||
|15.4 |
|15.4 |
||
|19 |
|||
|24.9 |
|||
| |
|14.7 |
||
| |
|14.6 |
||
| |
|1.9 |
||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|CAQ}} " | '''15.5''' |
|||
|6.9 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Leger Marketing|Leger]] |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Lower Saxony}} |
|||
|September 25, 2023 |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''33.1''' |
|||
|[https://legermarketing.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Rapport-politique-Sept.-2023-FINAL.pdf PDF] |
|||
|24.2 |
|||
| |
|1,028 |
||
| |
|±3.06% |
||
| style="background-color:#4BA6FF" | '''34''' |
|||
|7.4 |
|||
| |
|17 |
||
| |
|22 |
||
| |
|14 |
||
|12 |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Bremen}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''31.5''' |
|||
|17.2 |
|||
|20.9 |
|||
|9.3 |
|||
|6.9 |
|||
|7.7 |
|||
|6.4 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Brandenburg}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''29.5''' |
|||
|15.3 |
|||
|9.0 |
|||
|9.3 |
|||
|18.1 |
|||
|8.5 |
|||
|10.3 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Saxony-Anhalt}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''25.4''' |
|||
|21.0 |
|||
|6.5 |
|||
|9.5 |
|||
|19.6 |
|||
|9.6 |
|||
|8.4 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Berlin}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''23.4''' |
|||
|15.9 |
|||
|22.4 |
|||
|9.1 |
|||
|8.4 |
|||
|11.4 |
|||
|9.5 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|North Rhine-Westphalia}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''29.1''' |
|||
|26.0 |
|||
|16.1 |
|||
|11.4 |
|||
|7.3 |
|||
|3.7 |
|||
|6.5 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Saxony}} |
|||
|19.3 |
|||
|17.2 |
|||
|8.6 |
|||
|11.0 |
|||
| {{Party shading/AfD}} |'''24.6''' |
|||
|9.3 |
|||
|9.9 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Hesse}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''27.6''' |
|||
|22.8 |
|||
|15.8 |
|||
|12.8 |
|||
|8.8 |
|||
|4.3 |
|||
|7.9 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Thuringia}} |
|||
|23.4 |
|||
|16.9 |
|||
|6.6 |
|||
|9.0 |
|||
| {{Party shading/AfD}} |'''24.0''' |
|||
|11.4 |
|||
|8.7 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Rhineland-Palatinate}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''29.4''' |
|||
|24.7 |
|||
|12.6 |
|||
|11.7 |
|||
|9.2 |
|||
|3.3 |
|||
|9.2 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Bavaria}} |
|||
|18.0 |
|||
| {{Party shading/CDU}} |'''31.7''' |
|||
|14.1 |
|||
|10.5 |
|||
|9.0 |
|||
|2.8 |
|||
|13.9 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Baden-Württemberg}} |
|||
|21.6 |
|||
| {{Party shading/CDU}} |'''24.8''' |
|||
|17.2 |
|||
|15.3 |
|||
|9.6 |
|||
|3.3 |
|||
|8.2 |
|||
|- |
|||
| align="left" |{{flag|Saarland}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''37.3''' |
|||
|23.6 |
|||
|– |
|||
|11.5 |
|||
|10.0 |
|||
|7.2 |
|||
|10.5 |
|||
|} |
|||
==== Constituency seats ==== |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 0.9em;" |
|||
! rowspan="3" |State |
|||
! rowspan="3" |Total<br />seats |
|||
! colspan="6" |Seats won |
|||
|- |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Christian Social Union in Bavaria|CSU]] |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Alliance 90/The Greens|Grüne]] |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|Linke]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" | |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}};" | |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Christian Social Union in Bavaria}};" | |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}};" | |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Alternative for Germany}};" | |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|The Left (Germany)}};" | |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Baden-Württemberg]] |
|||
!38 |
|||
|1 |
|1 |
||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|CAQ}} " | '''12''' |
|||
|33 |
|||
| |
|||
|4 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Leger Marketing|Leger]] |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Bavaria]] |
|||
|August 21, 2023 |
|||
!46 |
|||
|[https://legermarketing.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Rapport-politique-Aout-2023-Volet-politique.pdf PDF] |
|||
| |
|||
|1,036 |
|||
| |
|||
|±3.0% |
|||
|45 |
|||
| style="background-color:#4BA6FF" | '''37''' |
|||
|1 |
|||
| |
|15 |
||
| |
|22 |
||
| |
|12 |
||
|11 |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Berlin]] |
|||
!12 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|3 |
|3 |
||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|CAQ}} " | '''15''' |
|||
| |
|||
|3 |
|||
| |
|||
|2 |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Leger Marketing|Leger]] |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Brandenburg]] |
|||
|June 12, 2023 |
|||
!10 |
|||
|[https://legermarketing.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Rapport-politique-Juin-2023-publication-14-juin.pdf PDF] |
|||
|10 |
|||
|1,042 |
|||
| |
|||
|±3.0% |
|||
| |
|||
| style="background-color:#4BA6FF" | '''37''' |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|16 |
||
| |
|23 |
||
| |
|13 |
||
|9 |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Bremen (state)|Bremen]] |
|||
!2 |
|||
|2 |
|2 |
||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|CAQ}} " | '''14''' |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Angus Reid Institute|Angus Reid]] |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Hamburg]] |
|||
|June 3, 2023 |
|||
!6 |
|||
|[https://angusreid.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/2023.06.29_Provincial_Governance.pdf PDF] |
|||
|4 |
|||
| |
|506 |
||
|{{n/a}} |
|||
| |
|||
| style="background-color:#4BA6FF" | '''33''' |
|||
|2 |
|||
| |
|17 |
||
| |
|22 |
||
|13 |
|||
|12 |
|||
|3{{efn-la|Including [[PVQ]] at 2%}} |
|||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|CAQ}} " | '''11''' |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Leger Marketing|Leger]] |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Hesse]] |
|||
|May 1, 2023 |
|||
!22 |
|||
|[https://legermarketing.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/sondage-Qc-3e-lien.pdf PDF] |
|||
|1,201 |
|||
|±3.0% |
|||
| style="background-color:#4BA6FF" | '''36''' |
|||
|16 |
|||
|22 |
|||
|14 |
|14 |
||
|7 |
|||
| |
|||
|1 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Lower Saxony]] |
|||
!30 |
|||
|22 |
|||
|8 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] |
|||
!6 |
|||
|6 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[North Rhine-Westphalia]] |
|||
!64 |
|||
|30 |
|||
|30 |
|||
| |
|||
|4 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Rhineland-Palatinate]] |
|||
!15 |
|||
|8 |
|||
|7 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Saarland]] |
|||
!4 |
|||
|4 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Saxony]] |
|||
!16 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|4 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|10 |
|10 |
||
|1 |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Saxony-Anhalt]] |
|||
!9 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|3 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|2 |
|2 |
||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|CAQ}} " | '''14''' |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| colspan="12" align="center" style="background-color:#CECECE;" |'''[[Québec solidaire|QS]] wins the [[2023 Saint-Henri—Sainte-Anne provincial by-election|by-election]] in [[Saint-Henri–Sainte-Anne]] on March 13, 2023.''' |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Schleswig-Holstein]] |
|||
|- |
|||
!11 |
|||
|[[Leger Marketing|Leger]] |
|||
|8 |
|||
|February 26, 2023 |
|||
|[https://legermarketing.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Rapport-politique-Fevrier-2023.pdf PDF] |
|||
|1,044 |
|||
|±3.0% |
|||
| style="background-color:#4BA6FF" | '''40''' |
|||
|17 |
|||
|18 |
|||
|14 |
|||
|9 |
|||
|2 |
|2 |
||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|CAQ}} " | '''22''' |
|||
| |
|||
|1 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Leger Marketing|Leger]] |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Thuringia]] |
|||
|December 10, 2022 |
|||
!8 |
|||
|[https://legermarketing.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Rapport_intentions_de_vote_20221216.pdf PDF] |
|||
|3 |
|||
|1 |
|1,002 |
||
|±3.1% |
|||
| |
|||
| style="background-color:#4BA6FF" | '''41''' |
|||
| |
|||
|4 |
|||
| |
|||
|- class="sortbottom" |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |Total |
|||
!299 |
|||
!121 |
|||
!98 |
|||
!45 |
|||
!16 |
|||
!16 |
|||
!3 |
|||
|} |
|||
==== List seats ==== |
|||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 0.9em;" |
|||
! rowspan="3" |State |
|||
! rowspan="3" |Total<br />seats |
|||
! colspan="7" |Seats won |
|||
|- |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Alliance 90/The Greens|Grüne]] |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Christian Democratic Union of Germany|CDU]] |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|Linke]] |
|||
! class="unsortable" style="width:45px;" |[[South Schleswig Voters' Association|SSW]] |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Alliance 90}};" | |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}};" | |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}};" | |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Alternative for Germany}};" | |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}};" | |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|The Left (Germany)}};" | |
|||
! style="background:{{party color|South Schleswig Voters' Association}};" | |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Baden-Württemberg]] |
|||
!64 |
|||
|14 |
|14 |
||
|16 |
|||
|21 |
|||
|10 |
|||
| |
|||
|3 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Bavaria]] |
|||
!71 |
|||
|18 |
|18 |
||
|14 |
|14 |
||
|23 |
|||
|12 |
|||
| |
|||
|4 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Berlin]] |
|||
!17 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|3 |
|||
|3 |
|||
|3 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Brandenburg]] |
|||
!15 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
| |
|||
|5 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|2 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Bremen (state)|Bremen]] |
|||
!3 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|1 |
|||
| |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Hamburg]] |
|||
!10 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|3 |
|||
|1 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Hesse]] |
|||
!28 |
|||
|8 |
|||
|7 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|5 |
|||
|5 |
|||
|2 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Lower Saxony]] |
|||
!43 |
|||
|13 |
|||
|8 |
|||
|3 |
|||
|6 |
|||
|10 |
|10 |
||
|3 |
|3 |
||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|CAQ}} " | '''23''' |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|[[Leger Marketing|Leger]] |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] |
|||
|November 6, 2022 |
|||
!10 |
|||
|[https://legermarketing.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Rapport-politique-Novembre-1.pdf PDF] |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|1,028 |
||
|±3.1% |
|||
| |
|||
| style="background-color:#4BA6FF" | '''36''' |
|||
|3 |
|||
|3 |
|||
|2 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[North Rhine-Westphalia]] |
|||
!91 |
|||
|23 |
|||
|19 |
|19 |
||
| |
|18 |
||
| |
|14 |
||
| |
|11 |
||
|6 |
|||
| |
|||
|- class="sortbottom" |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Rhineland-Palatinate]] |
|||
!21 |
|||
|5 |
|||
|5 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|1 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Saarland]] |
|||
!5 |
|||
| |
|||
|1 |
|||
| |
|||
|1 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|1 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Saxony]] |
|||
!22 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|5 |
|||
|7 |
|||
| |
|||
|3 |
|3 |
||
| style="background-color:{{Canadian party colour|QC|CAQ}} " | '''17''' |
|||
|3 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Saxony-Anhalt]] |
|||
!9 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|2 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Schleswig-Holstein]] |
|||
!17 |
|||
|5 |
|||
|4 |
|||
| |
|||
|2 |
|||
|4 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Thuringia]] |
|||
!11 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|1 |
|||
|2 |
|||
|3 |
|||
| |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="text-align: left;" |Total |
|||
!437 |
|||
!102 |
|||
!92 |
|||
!85 |
|||
!67 |
|||
!54 |
|||
!36 |
|||
!1 |
|||
|} |
|||
=== MPs who lost their seat === |
|||
{{main|List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2021 German federal election}} |
|||
=== 10 closest constituencies === |
|||
Incumbents are denoted in bold and followed by ''(I)''. |
|||
{| class="wikitable" |
|||
![[List of Bundestag constituencies|Constituency]] |
|||
![[States of Germany|State]] |
|||
! colspan="2" |Winner |
|||
! colspan="2" |Runner-up |
|||
!Vote difference |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Dresden II – Bautzen II]] |
|||
|[[Saxony]] |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |
|||
|[[Lars Rohwer]], CDU |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Alternative for Germany}}" | |
|||
|Andreas Harlaß, AfD |
|||
|35 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Südpfalz]] |
|||
|[[Rhineland-Palatinate]] |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |
|||
|[[Thomas Hitschler]], SPD |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |
|||
|'''[[Thomas Gebhart]] (I)''', CDU |
|||
|41 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Steinburg – Dithmarschen Süd]] |
|||
|[[Schleswig-Holstein]] |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |
|||
|'''[[Mark Helfrich (politician)|Mark Helfrich]] (I)''', CDU |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |
|||
|Karin Thissen, SPD |
|||
|52 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Emmendingen – Lahr]] |
|||
|[[Baden-Württemberg]] |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |
|||
|[[Peter Weiß]], CDU |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |
|||
|[[Johannes Fechner]], SPD |
|||
|90 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Munich West/Centre (electoral district)|Munich West/Centre]] |
|||
|[[Bavaria]] |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Social Union in Bavaria}}" | |
|||
|'''[[Stephan Pilsinger]] (I)''', CSU |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}" | |
|||
|[[Dieter Janecek]], Grüne |
|||
|137 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Mansfeld (electoral district)|Mansfeld]] |
|||
|[[Saxony-Anhalt]] |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Alternative for Germany}}" | |
|||
|[[Robert Farle]], AfD |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |
|||
|'''[[Torsten Schweiger]] (I)''', CDU |
|||
|198 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Bonn (electoral district)|Bonn]] |
|||
|[[North Rhine-Westphalia]] |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}" | |
|||
|[[Katrin Uhlig]], Grüne |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |
|||
|[[Jessica Rosenthal]], SPD |
|||
|216 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Leipzig-Land]] |
|||
|[[Saxony]] |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Alternative for Germany}}" | |
|||
|[[Edgar Naujok]], AfD |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |
|||
|Georg‑Ludwig von Breitenbuch, CDU |
|||
|282 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Burgenland – Saalekreis]] |
|||
|[[Saxony-Anhalt]] |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union of Germany}}" | |
|||
|'''[[Dieter Stier]] (I)''', CDU |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Alternative for Germany}}" | |
|||
|[[Martin Reichardt]], AfD |
|||
|321 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Hamburg-Eimsbüttel (electoral district)|Hamburg-Eimsbüttel]] |
|||
|[[Hamburg]] |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}" | |
|||
|[[Till Steffen]], Grüne |
|||
| style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |
|||
|'''[[Niels Annen]] (I)''', SPD |
|||
|359 |
|||
|- |
|||
|} |
|||
=== Irregularities in Berlin === |
|||
[[File:Auszählung_Bundestagswahl_2021_in_der_Messe_Berlin_19_34_42_378000.jpeg|thumb|The many postal ballot papers at [[Berlin-Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf]]]] |
|||
In [[Berlin]], vote casting and counting was not simple as the election was the same day as not only the [[Berlin Marathon]], but the [[2021 Berlin state election|Berlin state election]] and a local referendum. The Federal Returning Officer felt compelled to request a report from the State Returning Officer Petra Michaelis.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bundeswahlleiter fordert Bericht zu Berliner Wahlpannen an |url=https://www.stern.de/gesellschaft/regional/bundeswahlleiter-fordert-bericht-zu-berliner-wahlpannen-an--30777040.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021234909/https://www.stern.de/gesellschaft/regional/bundeswahlleiter-fordert-bericht-zu-berliner-wahlpannen-an--30777040.html |archive-date=21 October 2021 |access-date=2021-10-21 |website=stern.de |language=de}}</ref> |
|||
In some polling stations ballot papers were missing or ran out and could not be delivered on the same day due to the [[Berlin Marathon|Berlin marathon]]. Ballot papers (of which there were 115 different variants in Berlin) and postal voting documents were also swapped. Many votes were cast long after the official end of voting at 6 p.m, the last after 8 p.m. when the outcome was already being forecast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wahlchaos in Berlin: Schaden an der Demokratie |url=https://www.rnd.de/politik/wahl-chaos-in-berlin-pannen-corona-marathon-frust-bei-den-waehlerinnen-und-waehlern-EDEI3WB7NNDSHK5WACOEV6RYSY.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021234908/https://www.rnd.de/politik/wahl-chaos-in-berlin-pannen-corona-marathon-frust-bei-den-waehlerinnen-und-waehlern-EDEI3WB7NNDSHK5WACOEV6RYSY.html |archive-date=21 October 2021 |access-date=2021-10-21 |website=www.rnd.de |language=de-DE}}</ref> At least one polling station was closed due to missing documents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Offenbar haben in Berlin auch Minderjährige gewählt |url=https://www.rbb24.de/politik/wahl/abgeordnetenhaus/agh-2021/beitraege/bundestag-bundestagswahl-berlin-minderjaehrige-wahl.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015211447/https://www.rbb24.de/politik/wahl/abgeordnetenhaus/agh-2021/beitraege/bundestag-bundestagswahl-berlin-minderjaehrige-wahl.html |archive-date=15 October 2021 |access-date=2021-10-21 |website=www.rbb24.de |language=de}}</ref> |
|||
In at least 16 Berlin polling stations, basic election data did not match (including impossible voter turnouts of over 100%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bis zu 150% Wahlbeteiligung in Berlin - Tagesspiegel Checkpoint |url=https://checkpoint.tagesspiegel.de/langmeldung/2T4WHZc6fcPWxoPiM6RuHf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014175452/https://checkpoint.tagesspiegel.de/langmeldung/2T4WHZc6fcPWxoPiM6RuHf |archive-date=14 October 2021 |access-date=2021-10-21 |website=checkpoint.tagesspiegel.de |language=de}}</ref> |
|||
On 29 September 2021, Michaelis announced her resignation and that of her deputy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Latz |first=Christian |date=2021-09-29 |title=Berlins Landeswahlleiterin tritt nach Pannen bei der Wahl zurück |language=de-DE |work=Der Tagesspiegel Online |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/ich-uebernehme-die-verantwortung-berlins-landeswahlleiterin-tritt-nach-pannen-bei-der-wahl-zurueck/27660650.html |url-status=live |access-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021234906/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/ich-uebernehme-die-verantwortung-berlins-landeswahlleiterin-tritt-nach-pannen-bei-der-wahl-zurueck/27660650.html |archive-date=21 October 2021 |issn=1865-2263}}</ref> |
|||
== Analysis and aftermath == |
|||
[[File:Erststimmenmehrheiten_Bundestagswahl_2021.svg|thumb|Party affiliation of winning candidates by constituency]] |
|||
[[File:2021_German_federal_election_-_Results_by_state.svg|thumb|Results of the party list vote by state]] |
|||
[[File:2021_German_federal_election_-_List_seats_by_state.svg|thumb|List seats by state]] |
|||
{| class="wikitable unsortable" style="font-size:90%;text-align:center;" |
|||
! colspan="10" |Sociology of the electorate |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" scope="col" class="unsortable" style="width:180px;" |Demographic |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |[[Social Democratic Party of Germany|SPD]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |[[CDU/CSU|Union]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |[[Alliance 90/The Greens|Grüne]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |[[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|FDP]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |[[Alternative for Germany|AfD]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |[[The Left (Germany)|Linke]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |[[Free Voters]] |
|||
! scope="col" style="width:60px;" |Others |
|||
|- |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Social Democratic Party of Germany}}" | |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Christian Democratic Union (Germany)}}" | |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Alliance 90/The Greens}}" | |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Free Democratic Party (Germany)}}" | |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|Alternative for Germany}}" | |
|||
! style="background-color: {{party color|The Left (Germany)}}" | |
|||
! style="background-color: #FF8000" | |
|||
! style="background-color: #a9a9a9" | |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" |Total vote |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''25.7%''' |
|||
|24.1% |
|||
|14.8% |
|||
|11.5% |
|||
|10.3% |
|||
|4.9% |
|||
|2.4% |
|||
|6.3% |
|||
|- class="sortbottom" |
|||
! colspan="10" |Sex |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" |Men |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''25%''' |
|||
|24% |
|||
|14% |
|||
|13% |
|||
|12% |
|||
|5% |
|||
|2% |
|||
|5% |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" |Women |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''27%''' |
|||
|24% |
|||
|16% |
|||
|10% |
|||
|8% |
|||
|5% |
|||
|2% |
|||
|8% |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="10" |Age |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" |18–24 years old |
|||
|15% |
|||
|10% |
|||
| {{Party shading/Grüne}} |'''23%''' |
|||
|21% |
|||
|7% |
|||
|8% |
|||
|3% |
|||
|13% |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" |25–34 years old |
|||
|17% |
|||
|14% |
|||
| {{Party shading/Grüne}} |'''21%''' |
|||
|15% |
|||
|12% |
|||
|7% |
|||
|3% |
|||
|13% |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" |35–44 years old |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''20%''' |
|||
|19% |
|||
|18% |
|||
|12% |
|||
|15% |
|||
|5% |
|||
|3% |
|||
|8% |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" |45–59 years old |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''26%''' |
|||
|23% |
|||
|16% |
|||
|12% |
|||
|12% |
|||
|4% |
|||
|3% |
|||
|4% |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" |60–69 years old |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''32%''' |
|||
|28% |
|||
|12% |
|||
|9% |
|||
|10% |
|||
|4% |
|||
|2% |
|||
|3% |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" |70 or older |
|||
|35% |
|||
| {{Party shading/CDU}} |'''38%''' |
|||
|7% |
|||
|8% |
|||
|5% |
|||
|4% |
|||
|1% |
|||
|2% |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="10" |Socio-occupational classification |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" |Unemployed |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''23%''' |
|||
|14% |
|||
|17% |
|||
|8% |
|||
|17% |
|||
|11% |
|||
|3% |
|||
|7% |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" |Blue-collar worker |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''26%''' |
|||
|20% |
|||
|8% |
|||
|9% |
|||
|21% |
|||
|5% |
|||
|3% |
|||
|8% |
|||
|- |
|||
! colspan="2" |White-collar worker |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''24%''' |
|||
|20% |
|||
|17% |
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|13% |
|||
|11% |
|||
|5% |
|||
|3% |
|||
|7% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
! colspan="2" |Self-employed |
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|16% |
|||
| {{Party shading/CDU}} |'''26%''' |
|||
|16% |
|||
|19% |
|||
|9% |
|||
|5% |
|||
|3% |
|||
|6% |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
| style="background:#ffd;"|''[[2022 Quebec general election|2022 election]]'' |
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! colspan="2" |Retired |
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| style="background:#ffd;"|{{dts|October 3, 2022}} |
|||
| {{Party shading/SPD}} |'''35%''' |
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| style="background:#ffd;"| |
|||
|34% |
|||
| style="background:#ffd;"|4,169,137 |
|||
|10% |
|||
| style="background:#ffd;"| |
|||
|7% |
|||
| style="background-color:#4BA6FF" |'''41.0''' |
|||
|7% |
|||
| style="background:#ffd;" |15.4 |
|||
|4% |
|||
| style="background:#ffd;" |14.6 |
|||
|2% |
|||
| style="background:#ffd;" |14.4 |
|||
|3% |
|||
| style="background:#ffd;" |12.9 |
|||
| style="background:#ffd;" |1.7 |
|||
| style="background:{{Canadian party colour|QC|CAQ}} | '''25.6''' |
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|- |
|- |
||
|- class="sortbottom" |
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| colspan="14" |Source: [[Infratest dimap]]<ref>{{cite web |date=27 Sep 2021 |title=Grafiken: Bundestagswahl 2021 |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/wahl/archiv/2021-09-26-BT-DE/umfrage-alter.shtml |access-date=14 April 2022 |publisher=tagesschau.de}}</ref> |
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|} |
|} |
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=== SPD === |
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The SPD had their best result since [[2005 German federal election|2005]] at 25%; it was also the first time since [[2002 German federal election|2002]] that they emerged as the largest party in the [[Bundestag]]. For the first time since 2002, the SPD swept all single-member constituency seats in the states of [[Brandenburg]] and [[Saarland]], where they defeated [[Cabinet of Germany|cabinet ministers]] [[Peter Altmaier]] and [[Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Kramp-Karrenbauer ohne Direktmandat in Saarbrücken |language=de |work=Stern.de |url=https://www.stern.de/gesellschaft/regional/kramp-karrenbauer-ohne-direktmandat-in-saarbruecken-30777110.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927104459/https://www.stern.de/gesellschaft/regional/kramp-karrenbauer-ohne-direktmandat-in-saarbruecken-30777110.html |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> They also won all constituencies in [[Mecklenburg-Vorpommern]] for the first time, including [[Vorpommern-Rügen – Vorpommern-Greifswald I]], the seat of outgoing chancellor [[Angela Merkel]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Merkel-Nachfolger verliert massiv im Wahlkreis 15: Ergebnisse der Bundestagswahl 2021 in Grafiken |language=de |agency=RND |url=https://www.rnd.de/politik/wahlkreis-vorpommern-ruegen-vorpommern-greifswald-i-bundestagswahl-ergebnisse-2021-WLXWBJ6FINGADMYURO6LGUXP3Q.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927131509/https://www.rnd.de/politik/wahlkreis-vorpommern-ruegen-vorpommern-greifswald-i-bundestagswahl-ergebnisse-2021-WLXWBJ6FINGADMYURO6LGUXP3Q.html |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> It is also the first time they won any single-member constituency seats in [[Saxony-Anhalt]] and [[Thuringia]] since 2005.<ref>{{cite news |title=AfD stärkste Partei in Thüringen und Sachsen |language=de |website=Stern.de |url=https://www.stern.de/news/bundestagswahl-afd-staerkste-partei-in-thueringen-und-sachsen-30777136.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927113731/https://www.stern.de/news/bundestagswahl-afd-staerkste-partei-in-thueringen-und-sachsen-30777136.html |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=SPD-Kandidat Ullrich gewinnt Südthüringer Wahlkreis deutlich vor CDU-Konkurrent Maaßen |language=de |agency=MDR |url=https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/deutschland/wahlen/bundestagswahl/suedthueringen-wahlkreis-wahlergebnis-ullrich-maasen-treutler-100.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926222724/https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/deutschland/wahlen/bundestagswahl/suedthueringen-wahlkreis-wahlergebnis-ullrich-maasen-treutler-100.html |archive-date=26 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Thüringen: AfD gewinnt vier Bundestags-Wahlkreise und wird stärkste Partei |language=de |agency=MDR |url=https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/deutschland/wahlen/bundestagswahl/thueringen-endergebnis-afd-ullrich-maassen-100.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926222019/https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/deutschland/wahlen/bundestagswahl/thueringen-endergebnis-afd-ullrich-maassen-100.html |archive-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> |
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The SPD had been written off by many political observers due to longtime internal quarrels<ref>{{cite news |date=24 May 2019 |title=Bei der SPD stehen die Königinnenmörder schon bereit |language=de |url=https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article194130297/Europawahl-2019-Die-SPD-ein-zerruetteter-Haufen.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=14 February 2018 |title=NoGroKo-TourLeidenschaftliche Diskussion der SPD-Basis |language=de |url=https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/nogroko-tour-leidenschaftliche-diskussion-der-spd-basis-100.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref> and poor performances in prior elections, even those in early 2021. In the [[2019 European Parliament election in Germany|2019 European Parliament election]], they dropped to a historic low 15.8%, accelerating the decline of already deeply embattled and unpopular leader [[Andrea Nahles]].<ref>{{cite news |date=19 April 2019 |title="Die Partei leidet erheblich unter Nahles' Ansehen" |language=de |url=https://www.t-online.de/nachrichten/deutschland/parteien/id_85610630/meinungsforscher-ueber-andrea-nahles-die-spd-leidet-erheblich-unter-ihrem-ansehen-.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref> When the unpopular and little-known SPD leaders<ref>{{cite news |date=14 August 2020 |title=Rangliste der deutschen Politiker: Walter-Borjans stürzt ab |language=de |url=https://www.focus.de/politik/ranking/focus-ranking-rangliste-der-deutschen-politiker-walter-borjans-stuerzt-ab_id_12321461.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref> [[Norbert Walter-Borjans]] and [[Saskia Esken]] nominated moderate [[Olaf Scholz]], whom they had unexpectedly defeated in the [[2019 Social Democratic Party of Germany leadership election|2019 leadership election]], as Chancellor candidate in August 2020,<ref>{{cite news |date=10 August 2020 |title=SPD-Spitze nominiert Olaf Scholz als Kanzlerkandidaten |language=de |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2020-08/olaf-scholz-spd-kanzlerkandidat |url-status=live |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref> they were widely mocked.<ref>{{cite news |date=10 August 2020 |title="Passt nicht zur Partei" |language=de |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/spd-scholz-kanzlerkandidat-reaktionen-1.4994780 |url-status=live |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref> The SPD sat at a distant third place in the polls and stayed there until their sudden surge late in the campaign. |
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However, even at their historic poll lows around 14%, [[Olaf Scholz]] had a significantly higher personal approval rating than both his party and the other Chancellor candidates Laschet and Baerbock.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 July 2021 |title=Olaf Scholz in der Wählergunst vor Armin Laschet und Annalena Baerbock |language=de |url=https://www.fr.de/politik/bundestagswahl-2021-deutschlandtrend-ard-umfrage-olaf-scholz-vor-armin-laschet-und-annalena-baerbock-90836851.html |url-status=live |access-date=11 February 2022}}</ref> After the extreme personal unpopularity, resulting from gaffes and scandal, meant that first Baerbock and then Laschet floundered, the SPD surprisingly took the lead, for the first time since early 2017, in the final stretches of the election campaign. This surprising surge also meant that some [[Paper candidate|"paper candidates"]], a lot of them young, were unexpectedly elected to the Bundestag, for example Jan Plobner, [[Jakob Blankenburg]] or [[Fabian Funke]]. |
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That being said, the surge and eventual outcome of the election was mainly decided by older voters, who switched from the CDU/CSU to the SPD,<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Haben die Alten die Wahl entschieden? |language=de |url=https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/analyse-wahlergebnisse-jung-alt-bundestagswahl-100.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 March 2022}}</ref> which some attributed to Scholz being very similar in his calm and moderate leadership style to incumbent [[Angela Merkel]].<ref>{{cite news |date=3 September 2021 |title=Der Erbfall Merkel |language=de |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/fraktur/merkel-nachfolger-soeder-bezeichnet-scholz-als-erbschleicher-17515594.html |url-status=live |access-date=17 March 2022}}</ref> |
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=== CDU/CSU === |
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The CDU/CSU had their worst result ever by far, eclipsing the previous worst of 31% in [[1949 West German federal election|1949]]. Many prominent politicians were defeated in their single-member constituency seats, including ministers Altmaier, [[Helge Braun]], Kramp-Karrenbauer, and [[Julia Klöckner]] as well as [[Hans-Georg Maaßen]] and [[Philipp Amthor]], though all of them except Maaßen were still elected to the Bundestag via their respective state party lists.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Diese Prominenten haben ihre Direktmandate gewonnen – oder verloren |language=de |website=Euronews |url=https://de.euronews.com/2021/09/27/diese-prominenten-haben-ihre-direktmandate-gewonnen-oder-verloren |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926233539/https://de.euronews.com/2021/09/27/diese-prominenten-haben-ihre-direktmandate-gewonnen-oder-verloren |archive-date=26 September 2021}}</ref>{{efn|name="AKK"|Kramp-Karrenbauer and Altmaier renounced their mandate on 8 October, meaning they will not take their seat at the start of the new Bundestag.}} There was speculation that chancellor candidate [[Armin Laschet]] would lose election to the Bundestag;<ref>{{cite news |title=Kein Mandat für Armin Laschet? CDU-Kanzlerkandidat nach Wahlen 2021 vielleicht nicht im Bundestag |language=de |agency=RTL |url=https://www.rtl.de/cms/kein-mandat-fuer-armin-laschet-cdu-kanzlerkandidat-nach-wahlen-2021-vielleicht-nicht-im-bundestag-4818234.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927104840/https://www.rtl.de/cms/kein-mandat-fuer-armin-laschet-cdu-kanzlerkandidat-nach-wahlen-2021-vielleicht-nicht-im-bundestag-4818234.html |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> he was placed first on the [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] party list, and if the CDU gained [[overhang seats]], that list would not be used. Due to the CDU's bad performance in terms of single-member constituency seats, Laschet was elected to the Bundestag.<ref>{{cite news |title=CDU nach der Wahl: Wenn es wenig Posten zu verteilen gibt |language=de |agency=Tagesschau |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/btw21/cdu-nach-der-wahl-103.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927104458/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/btw21/cdu-nach-der-wahl-103.html |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> The first time since 2005 that they did not win all single-member constituency seats in [[Bavaria]], the CSU also had their worst result in history.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title='Disaster avoided': How Bavaria voted in Germany's federal election |website=The Local Germany |url=https://www.thelocal.de/20210927/disaster-avoided-how-bavaria-voted-in-germanys-federal-election/ |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927111217/https://www.thelocal.de/20210927/disaster-avoided-how-bavaria-voted-in-germanys-federal-election/ |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> |
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Reasons given for the catastrophic defeat were corruption scandals of several CDU/CSU politicians in spring 2021,<ref>{{cite news |last=Frigelj |first=Kristian |date=9 March 2021 |title=Laschet-Regierung weichte Korruptionsschutz auf – trotz Warnung |url=https://www.dw.com/en/covid-corruption-scandal-hounds-angela-merkels-cdu-csu/a-56819273 |url-status=live |access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref> some minor allegations even being brought against Laschet himself.<ref>{{cite news |last=Thurau |first=Jens |date=18 May 2021 |title=Laschet-Regierung weichte Korruptionsschutz auf – trotz Warnung |language=de |url=https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article231219997/Maskendeals-Laschet-Regierung-weichte-Korruptionsschutz-auf.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref> In addition, Laschet was suffering from extreme personal unpopularity,<ref>{{cite news |date=5 August 2021 |title=Laschet auf dem letzten Platz – am liebsten hätten die Deutschen Söder als Kanzler |language=de |url=https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article232954113/Forsa-Umfrage-Laschet-auf-dem-letzten-Platz-am-liebsten-haetten-die-Deutschen-Soeder-als-Kanzler.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref> even in his own state.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 April 2021 |title=Söder bei Menschen in NRW doppelt so beliebt wie Laschet |language=de |url=https://www.t-online.de/nachrichten/deutschland/id_89822464/nrw-soeder-bei-menschen-doppelt-so-beliebt-wie-laschet.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref> Laschet did not have the incumbency advantage that helped moderately popular Merkel to win re-election three times, but still had to run on Merkel's legacy in voters minds. This meant that the otherwise popular CDU/CSU platform of increasing digitization, reducing bureaucracy and moderate climate action were not taken seriously as his party had not addressed them in sixteen years of government in the minds of many voters.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cerstin |first=Gammelin |date=21 June 2021 |title=Ein Weiter-so, das es nicht geben darf |language=de |website=Yahoo! Nachrichten |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/wirtschaft/cdu-wahlprogramm-bundestagswahl-1.5328611 |url-status=live |access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref> In one infamous campaign moment, Laschet spoke of a [[Wind of Change (Scorpions song)|"Wind of Change"]] in his closing statement in the first three way debate,<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=6759&v=BDBITm3eumE&feature=youtu.be |title=Bundestagswahl 2021 LIVE: Das Triell - Baerbock Laschet Scholz |date=29 August 2021 |language=de |access-date=8 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> which was widely ridiculed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Piehler |first=Moritz |date=30 August 2021 |title=Spott nach dem TV-Triell: Armin Laschet und der "Wind der Veränderung" |language=de |website=Yahoo! Nachrichten |url=https://de.nachrichten.yahoo.com/spott-nach-dem-tv-triell-armin-laschet-und-der-wind-der-veranderung-084357061.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAMlGzKjk_EqidI91vpwfboc_M1y0vKxI1mn0e8SesTeXOdhUQBRqF6SiZM7tpaL0H4I9O7R86l-ZAY373kmQdCMOwQbIos-lmeamroBxJ_n1nSS3_beaDOczrsSMr0ojDgrQjo64ANgH4ngiOFX5HXl-9kAeJnkNPwGeok9u8aND |url-status=live |access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref> The contentious decision to have him run as CDU/CSU candidate instead of the much more popular CSU leader [[Markus Söder]] by the CDU establishment also played into this.<ref>{{cite news |date=19 April 2021 |title=Wie das Laschet-Drama die Risse in der CDU offenlegt |language=de |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/basis-tendiert-zu-soeder-wie-das-laschet-drama-die-risse-in-der-cdu-offenlegt/27107586.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref> During the belligerent internal selection process in spring, polls showed Söder faring a lot better than Laschet in the election, often higher than the [[2017 German federal election|2017 result]], and Söder was the preferred candidate of the base and the public at large.<ref>{{cite news |date=20 April 2021 |title=Söder vs. Laschet: Umfragen zeigen eindeutiges Bild - Union legt trotz K-Zoff überraschend zu |language=de |url=https://www.merkur.de/politik/soeder-laschet-umfragen-kanzlerkandidat-cdu-csu-union-wahl-ueberblick-streit-90465422.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 March 2022}}</ref> Even fairly late into the election campaign, 70% of CDU/CSU supporters wanted to replace Laschet with Söder.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 August 2021 |title=70 Prozent der Unionsanhänger wollen Laschet durch Söder ersetzen |language=de |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/umfrage-zum-kanzlerkandidaten-70-prozent-der-unionsanhaenger-wollen-laschet-durch-soeder-ersetzen/27547310.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref> Söder publicly supported and defended Laschet, even on election night,<ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=444 |title=Berliner Runde zur Bundestagswahl 2021 |date=26 September 2021 |language=de |access-date=8 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> but was accused of backstabbing Laschet's candidacy<ref>{{cite news |date=29 July 2021 |title=Schnellboot an Schlafwagen |language=de |url=https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/soeder-laschet-union-wahlkampf-100.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref> in order to become chancellor candidate [[Next German federal election|in 2025]]. |
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Laschet took responsibility for the result, but initially refused to resign in hopes of becoming Chancellor through a [[Jamaica coalition (politics)|Jamaica coalition]]. The ensuing talks were plagued by leaks damaging Laschet<ref>{{cite news |last=Ismar |first=Georg |date=6 October 2021 |title=Neuer Sondierungs-Leak – Grüne sauer auf die Union |language=de |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/wird-laschets-jamaika-versuch-sabotiert-neuer-sondierungs-leak-gruene-sauer-auf-die-union/27675552.html |url-status=live |access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref> and after Söder prematurely declared the talks to be over,<ref>{{cite news |date=6 October 2021 |title="De-facto-Absage an Jamaika": Söder sieht klare Vorentscheidung für Ampel-Koalition |language=de |url=https://www.stern.de/politik/deutschland/markus-soeder-sieht-klare-absage-fuer-jamaika-koalition-30806696.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref> both Greens and FDP decided to enter coalition talks with the SPD instead.<ref>{{cite news |last=Forster |first=Josef |date=7 October 2021 |title=Nach Absage an Jamaika-Koalition - Wie schnell kommt die Ampel? |language=de |url=https://www.merkur.de/politik/jamaika-absage-ampel-koalition-faas-fdp-spd-union-scholz-bundestagswahl-91036297.html |url-status=live |access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref> After intense pressure from his party and the public, Laschet announced on 8 October 2021 that he would step down but would moderate the next [[December 2021 Christian Democratic Union of Germany leadership election|CDU leadership election]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Stempfle |first=Michael |date=7 October 2021 |title=Rückzug auf Raten |language=de |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/laschet-rueckzug-cdu-105.html |url-status=live |access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref> That leadership contest was the first to be decided by party members, who overwhelmingly chose conservative outsider [[Friedrich Merz]] in December 2021, after he failed in the previous two leadership elections, to [[Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer]] [[2018 Christian Democratic Union of Germany leadership election|in 2018]] and Laschet [[January 2021 Christian Democratic Union of Germany leadership election|in January 2021]]. This was seen as a rebuttal to the party establishment, that backed Kramp-Karrenbauer and Laschet, both seen as being more moderate, aligned in both policy positions and leadership style to [[Angela Merkel]]. |
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=== Greens === |
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The Greens got their best result in history, nearly doubling from [[2017 German federal election|2017]]. This is also the first federal election in which they won single-member constituency seats outside of [[Berlin-Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg – Prenzlauer Berg East]]; however, expectations for them were a lot higher, with them polling at over 20% in the summer and peaking at around 25%, having briefly overtaken the CDU in April and May.<ref>{{cite news |last=Ellyatt |first=Holly |date=11 August 2021 |title=The Greens were once favorites ahead of Germany's 'rollercoaster' election, but not anymore |agency=CNBC News |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/11/germanys-greens-were-riding-high-in-the-polls-but-fell-from-grace.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927142857/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/11/germanys-greens-were-riding-high-in-the-polls-but-fell-from-grace.html |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Tretbar |first=Christian |date=26 September 2021 |title=Schwarz und Grün scheitern an ihren Erwartungen |language=de |work=Der Tagesspiegel Online |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/hybris-patzer-und-lachende-dritte-schwarz-und-gruen-scheitern-an-ihren-erwartungen/27650138.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926233643/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/hybris-patzer-und-lachende-dritte-schwarz-und-gruen-scheitern-an-ihren-erwartungen/27650138.html |archive-date=26 September 2021 |issn=1865-2263}}</ref> Their slump in the polls was largely attributed to a number of gaffes from and the personal unpopularity of [[Annalena Baerbock]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Umfrage: Mehrheit hält Entscheidung der Grünen für Baerbock und gegen Habeck für falsch |language=de |agency=RND |url=https://www.rnd.de/politik/baerbock-als-kanzlerkandidatin-der-gruenen-bei-waehlern-nicht-mehr-so-beliebt-wie-habeck-ZHPPY455OJBCDXDPABVKKWAMIM.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927104500/https://www.rnd.de/politik/baerbock-als-kanzlerkandidatin-der-gruenen-bei-waehlern-nicht-mehr-so-beliebt-wie-habeck-ZHPPY455OJBCDXDPABVKKWAMIM.html |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> though polls show that a lot of Green voters migrated to the SPD in the final weeks of the campaign to ensure the CDU would not form government.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Diekmann |first1=Florian |last2=Pauly |first2=Marcel |date=27 September 2021 |title=Bundestagswahl 2021: Ergebnis der Wählerwanderung im Detail |language=de |work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/bundestagswahl-2021-ergebnis-der-waehlerwanderung-im-detail-a-cebdad34-f727-4f07-b5d1-fe39d1245275 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927094923/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/bundestagswahl-2021-ergebnis-der-waehlerwanderung-im-detail-a-cebdad34-f727-4f07-b5d1-fe39d1245275 |archive-date=27 September 2021 |issn=2195-1349}}</ref> |
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Though she won in the party-list, Baerbock lost in [[Potsdam – Potsdam-Mittelmark II – Teltow-Fläming II]] to SPD's [[Olaf Scholz]] by a large margin.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2021 |title=Kampf um Potsdam: Scholz holt Direktmandat im Duell gegen Baerbock |language=de |work=Der Spiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/potsdam-olaf-scholz-holt-direktmandat-im-duell-gegen-annalena-baerbock-a-89f6ed52-5263-43f9-a12b-ac797528dc8d |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927030822/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/potsdam-olaf-scholz-holt-direktmandat-im-duell-gegen-annalena-baerbock-a-89f6ed52-5263-43f9-a12b-ac797528dc8d |archive-date=27 September 2021 |issn=2195-1349}}</ref> In addition, though the Greens won 16 single-member constituency seats, all of them except [[Flensburg – Schleswig]], the constituency of future [[Vice Chancellor of Germany|Vice Chancellor]] [[Robert Habeck]], were entirely urban constituencies. |
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The Greens were also disqualified from running on the Saarland state list due to irregularities in the selection of list candidates.<ref>{{cite news |last=tagesschau.de |title=Aus für die Landesliste: Schwarzer Tag für die Saar-Grünen |language=de |agency=Tagesschau |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/btw21/saarland-gruene-bundestagswahl-103.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926151002/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/btw21/saarland-gruene-bundestagswahl-103.html |archive-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> The Greens had, however, won only one seat in the Saarland in the previous two federal elections. |
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=== FDP === |
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The FDP had their second best showing since [[German reunification]], gaining a few seats to maintain its fourth-place position.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Germany's FDP holds strong cards in post-election haggling |website=France 24 |agency=Agence France-Presse |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210927-germany-s-fdp-holds-strong-cards-in-post-election-haggling |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927135348/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210927-germany-s-fdp-holds-strong-cards-in-post-election-haggling |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> This was enough to make it a kingmaker alongside the Greens in coalition talks.<ref>{{cite news |last=Chazan |first=Guy |date=27 September 2021 |title=Greens and FDP emerge as kingmakers in bid to succeed Merkel |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/35d5f827-2c04-42b0-b8e2-fff3ed8f88da |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926225549/https://www.ft.com/content/35d5f827-2c04-42b0-b8e2-fff3ed8f88da |archive-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> |
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Like the Greens, they did well with young voters; among first-time voters, they received the highest vote share of 23%.<ref>{{cite news |last=Engelke |first=Anja |date=4 October 2021 |title=Warum haben so viele junge Menschen die FDP gewählt? |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.hessenschau.de/politik/bundestagswahl/warum-haben-so-viele-junge-menschen-die-fdp-gewaehlt,junge-fdp-waehler-100.html |url-status=live |access-date=30 April 2022}}</ref> In addition, while they only marginally improved their result in the [[Old states of Germany|West German states]], their more significant increase in support in [[New states of Germany|former East Germany]] amounted to their best performance there in the party's history. |
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=== AfD === |
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The AfD lost seats and went from the third largest to the fifth largest party in the Bundestag; however, they performed strongly in former [[East Germany]], where they won 16 single-member constituency seats in [[Saxony]], Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2021 |title=The Latest: Social Democrats beat Merkel bloc in German vote |website=AP News |agency=Associated Press |url=https://apnews.com/article/germany-election-live-updates-8dee19485e83b9c7aa8859d81c2fbb29 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927005538/https://apnews.com/article/germany-election-live-updates-8dee19485e83b9c7aa8859d81c2fbb29 |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Schultheis |first1=Emily |date=28 September 2021 |title=Germany's far-right AfD loses nationally, but wins in the East |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/german-election-far-right-afd-loses-nationally-but-wins-in-east/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023213410/https://www.politico.eu/article/german-election-far-right-afd-loses-nationally-but-wins-in-east/ |archive-date=23 October 2021 |access-date=23 October 2021 |work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> While the AfD lost vote share in Saxony, the stronger losses of the CDU still allowed them to place ahead of the CDU, becoming the most voted party in Saxony. They also won the most party list votes in Thuringia, though only by 0.6%. |
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Reasons given for their drop in support include far less media attention, largely due to the open Chancellor's race, and large swaths of [[Protests over COVID-19 policies in Germany|Anti-lockdown]] and [[Anti-vaccination]] voters, which the AfD campaigned hard on, voting for [[Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany|dieBasis]] and [[Free Voters]]. Leader of the AfD in the [[Bundestag]] [[Alice Weidel]] was widely ridiculed for claiming on election night that they surpassed their [[2017 German federal election|2017]] result if one added the results for dieBasis and Free Voters.<ref>{{cite news |last=Pollmer |first=Cornelius |date=27 September 2021 |title=Ohne Tattoos, dafür mit Alice Weidel |language=de |url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/medien/bundestagswahl-berliner-runde-laschet-scholz-baerbock-lindner-1.5420277 |url-status=live |access-date=8 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uK2hHJQOXs&t=903s |title=Berliner Runde zur Bundestagswahl 2021 |date=26 September 2021 |language=de |access-date=8 February 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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=== The Left === |
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The Left had their worst showing since 2002, when it was the [[Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany)|Party of Democratic Socialism]], slumping from 69 seats in 2017 to just 39. While they fell just short of the [[election threshold]] they won at least three single-member constituency seats (two in their stronghold in the former [[East Berlin]], down from four, and one in Saxony), entitling them to proportional representation in the Bundestag according to their second votes.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Germany votes: Big gains for center-left parties, heavy losses for conservatives — as it happened |agency=Deutsche Welle |url=https://www.dw.com/en/german-election-2021-live-updates/a-59312264 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926222025/https://www.dw.com/en/german-election-2021-live-updates/a-59312264 |archive-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> Under a longstanding electoral law intended to benefit parties with regional appeal (as is the case with the Left in the old East Germany), any party that wins at least three constituency seats is entitled to its share of proportionally-elected seats, regardless of vote share.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Dan Hough |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ACIDAAAQBAJ&q=PDS+1994+Germany+directly+elected&pg=PA27 |title=The Left Party in Contemporary German Politics |author2=Michael Koß |author3=Jonathan Olsen |publisher=Springer |year=2007 |isbn=978-0230592148 |access-date=29 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929193610/https://books.google.com/books?id=-ACIDAAAQBAJ&q=PDS+1994+Germany+directly+elected&pg=PA27 |archive-date=29 September 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> |
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Apart from this symbolic defeat, their preferred government, a left-wing [[red–red–green coalition]],<ref>{{cite news |date=7 September 2021 |title=Rot-Rot-Grün: Die Linke will regieren |work=Zeit Online |url=https://www.zeit.de/politik/2021-09/die-linke-koalition-spd-die-gruenen-bundestagswahl-sofortprogramm-nachrichtenpodcast |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927104458/https://www.zeit.de/politik/2021-09/die-linke-koalition-spd-die-gruenen-bundestagswahl-sofortprogramm-nachrichtenpodcast |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> does not have a majority in the Bundestag,<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Factbox: German 'traffic light' coalition seen as most likely |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/german-traffic-light-coalition-seen-most-likely-2021-09-27/ |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928003621/https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/german-traffic-light-coalition-seen-most-likely-2021-09-27/ |archive-date=28 September 2021}}</ref> and the German financial market rallied as a result.<ref>{{cite news |last=Siedenbiedel |first=Christian |title=Erleichterung nach der Wahl: 'Das größte Risiko ist aus Finanzmarktsicht ausgeräumt' |language=de |work=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/finanzen/aktienkurse-boerse-reagiert-erleichtert-nach-bundestagswahl-17557111.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927092651/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/finanzen/aktienkurse-boerse-reagiert-erleichtert-nach-bundestagswahl-17557111.html |archive-date=27 September 2021 |issn=0174-4909}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Dax nach Bundestagswahl im Aufwind |language=de |work=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/finanzen/dax-legt-nach-bundestagswahl-um-1-1-prozent-zu-17557068.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927100941/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/finanzen/dax-legt-nach-bundestagswahl-um-1-1-prozent-zu-17557068.html |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> Vice President of the Bundestag [[Petra Pau]] lost her single-member constituency of [[Berlin-Marzahn-Hellersdorf]] by a large margin.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wehner |first=Markus |date=27 September 2021 |title=Einzug ins Parlament: Die drei Retter der Linkspartei |language=de |work=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/bundestagswahl/wahl-die-linke-darf-dank-dreier-direktmandate-in-den-bundestag-17557074.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927081246/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/bundestagswahl/wahl-die-linke-darf-dank-dreier-direktmandate-in-den-bundestag-17557074.html |archive-date=27 September 2021 |issn=0174-4909}}</ref> The seat had been held by The Left and its predecessor parties since the [[1990 German federal election|1990 federal election]]. |
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Reasons given for the massive slump were public quarrels in the party.<ref>{{cite news |last=Emendörfer |first=Jan |title=Wahlforscher: Linke hat als Reparaturbetrieb der Sozialdemokratie keine Zukunft |language=de |work=Redaktionsnetzwerk Deutschland |url=https://www.rnd.de/politik/bundestagswahl-2021-warum-hat-die-linke-so-schlecht-abgeschnitten-FZTUNBEDYFDJFE77GB3EAJ7VNM.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jähnert |first=Christopher |title=Bloß kein weiterer Streit |language=de |work=tagesschau.de |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/kommentar/wahlprogramm-linkspartei-101.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> This included feuds surrounding the position on [[Afghanistan]],<ref>{{cite news |last=Maurer |first=Andrea |title=Warum die Linke keine Linie findet |language=de |work=ZDFheute |url=https://www.zdf.de/nachrichten/politik/afghanistan-linke-bundestag-100.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> the former leader [[Oskar Lafontaine]], who advised voting against his party in the [[Saarland]] due to alleged fraud,<ref>{{cite news |title=Streit bei der Partei Die Linke |language=de |work=SR.de |url=https://www.sr.de/sr/home/nachrichten/nachrichten_einfach/ne_streit_bei_der_partei_die_linke_100.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> and popular figure [[Sahra Wagenknecht]], who some in the party wanted to expel for her book "Die Selbstgerechten" in which she harshly criticizes, among other things, [[Woke|"Wokeness"]] within her party.<ref>{{cite news |title=Linke startet Ausschlussverfahren gegen Wagenknecht |language=de |work=tagesspiegel.de |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/streit-um-buch-der-ex-fraktionschefin-linke-startet-ausschlussverfahren-gegen-wagenknecht/27373104.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> These public feuds intensified after the election,<ref>{{cite news |last=Emendörfer |first=Jan |title=Die Linke will geschlossen erscheinen, aber intern brodelt es weiter |language=de |work=Redaktionsnetzwerk Deutschland |url=https://www.rnd.de/politik/die-linke-geschlossen-nach-aussen-spannungen-im-inneren-F6LNIRUPGJF7DJQ3WD3RL2GPZA.html |url-status=live |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> for example, the convicted former [[head of government]] of [[East Germany]] [[Hans Modrow]], who chairs The Left's "council of elders", denounced the party.<ref>{{cite news |title=Modrow sieht Linke in »westdeutscher Hand« |language=de |work=spiegel.de |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/die-linke-hans-modrow-sieht-partei-in-westdeutscher-hand-a-8afe2011-4747-42a9-bea9-1f3f445ee1c9 |url-status=live |access-date=26 January 2022}}</ref> |
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=== Ethnic minorities === |
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In terms of representation of ethnic minorities, one source suggested that the Bundestag would have 24 new [[Member of the German Bundestag|MPs]] with "[[Balkans|Balkan]]" ancestry. Its list included, however, largely people of [[Turks in Germany|Turkish]] ancestry who mostly have roots in [[Anatolia]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Buyuk |first1=Hamdi Firat |last2=Sinoruka |first2=Fjori |date=27 September 2021 |title=German Parliament Gets 24 New MPs with Balkan Roots |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2021/09/27/german-parliament-gets-24-new-mps-with-balkan-roots/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016201032/https://balkaninsight.com/2021/09/27/german-parliament-gets-24-new-mps-with-balkan-roots/ |archive-date=16 October 2021 |access-date=16 October 2021 |website=Balkan Insight}}</ref> The [[South Schleswig Voters' Association]] (SSW), a regionalist party only contesting [[Schleswig-Holstein]] representing the [[Danish minority of Southern Schleswig|Danish]] and Frisian minorities in Southern Schleswig, won their first seat, becoming the first regionalist party to win seats since [[1953 West German federal election|1953]].<ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2021 |title=Stefan Seidler (SSW): 'Die ersten Zahlen sind sensationell' |language=de |agency=NDR |url=https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/schleswig-holstein/bundestagswahl_2021/Stefan-Seidler-SSW-Die-ersten-Zahlen-sind-sensationell,shmag86702.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926194523/https://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/schleswig-holstein/bundestagswahl_2021/Stefan-Seidler-SSW-Die-ersten-Zahlen-sind-sensationell,shmag86702.html |archive-date=26 September 2021}}</ref> Recognized minority parties are exempt from the threshold of 5%, which is how the SSW won a seat with 0.1% of the vote nationwide.{{efn|Seat are apportioned on a state level; the SSW won 3,2% of the vote in [[Schleswig-Holstein]].}} The SSW last contested in [[1961 West German federal election|1961]] and last won a seat in [[1949 West German federal election|1949]].<ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2021 |title=Social Democrats Narrowly Beat Merkel's Bloc In German Elections |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/09/26/1040818820/social-democrats-beat-merkels-bloc-in-german-elections |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927041929/https://www.npr.org/2021/09/26/1040818820/social-democrats-beat-merkels-bloc-in-german-elections |archive-date=27 September 2021 |via=NPR}}</ref> They named a felt discrimination of [[Northern Germany]] as reason for them contesting the election.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mission Bundestag |url=https://www.ssw.de/bundestagswahl |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411065252/https://www.ssw.de/bundestagswahl |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 February 2022 |website=ssw.de}}</ref> [[Stefan Seidler]] was seated as their [[Member of the German Bundestag]].<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Danish minority gets representation in German parliament |website=The Local |url=https://www.thelocal.dk/20210927/danish-minority-gets-representation-in-german-parliament/ |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927123517/https://www.thelocal.dk/20210927/danish-minority-gets-representation-in-german-parliament/ |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> Seidler was offered to sit in the SPD parliamentary group as a guest by their leader [[Rolf Mützenich]], but declined.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 October 2021 |title=SPD umwirbt einzigen Dänen-Abgeordneten im Bundestag |website=Oldenburger Onlinezeitung |url=https://www.oldenburger-onlinezeitung.de/nachrichten/spd-umwirbt-einzigen-daenen-abgeordneten-im-bundestag-72109.html |url-status=live |access-date=2 December 2021}}</ref> |
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=== Minor parties === |
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Minor parties did exceptionally well in the 2021 election. The left-wing [[List of frivolous political parties|satire party]] [[Die PARTEI]] had their best result ever, as did the [[Human Environment Animal Protection|Animal Protection Party]] and the [[Regionalism (politics)|regionalist]] [[Free Voters]], which doubled their result and received 7.5% in [[Bavaria]], where they take part in the [[Cabinet Söder II|state government]]. A few new minor parties emerged in the 2021 election, the most notable being the [[Protests over COVID-19 policies in Germany|Anti-lockdown]] and [[Anti-vaccination]] [[Grassroots Democratic Party of Germany|dieBasis]] party, which received between 1 and 1.9%. [[Team Todenhöfer]], founded in 2020 by notorious former CDU [[Member of the German Bundestag]] [[Jürgen Todenhöfer]], also first contested the 2021 election, running on [[Anti-militarism]] and receiving support from pro-Palestinian groups, but only garnered 0.5% of the vote. The 2021 election also accelerated the decline of the [[Far-right politics|far-right]] [[National Democratic Party of Germany|National Democratic Party]], which only got 0.1% of the vote. The NPD was at a time the most successful minor/fringe party, getting 1.6% [[2005 German federal election|in 2005]] and entering various state parliaments in former [[East Germany]]. |
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== Government formation == |
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{{main|List of members of the 20th Bundestag|Scholz cabinet}} |
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A three-party [[German governing coalition|governing coalition]], with the FDP and the Greens joining either the SPD or CDU/CSU, was discussed as a likely outcome.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Germany election: Coalition talks begin after close election |agency=BBC Nceews |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58712619 |url-status=live |access-date=4 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001200022/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58712619 |archive-date=1 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=28 September 2021 |title=The Guardian view on the German election results: negotiating a new era |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/sep/27/the-guardian-view-on-the-german-election-results-negotiating-a-new-era |url-status=live |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928105050/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/sep/27/the-guardian-view-on-the-german-election-results-negotiating-a-new-era |archive-date=28 September 2021}}</ref> While the grand coalition of the CDU/CSU and SPD could have been renewed, numerous representatives of both the CDU/CSU and the SPD ruled out this option before the federal election,<ref>{{cite news |date=12 February 2020 |title=Klingbeil: "Bis 2021 gewählt": SPD schließt Fortsetzung der Groko ohne Merkel aus |language=de |work=Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/spd-schliesst-fortsetzung-der-groko-ohne-merkel-aus-16630154.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002200242/https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/inland/spd-schliesst-fortsetzung-der-groko-ohne-merkel-aus-16630154.html |archive-date=2 October 2021 |issn=0174-4909}}</ref> during the campaign,<ref>{{cite news |date=7 August 2021 |title=SPD erteilt Union Absage: Parteichefin Esken gegen Groko nach Wahl – scharfe Attacke gegen Koalitionspartner |language=de |agency=RND |url=https://www.rnd.de/politik/bundestagswahl-2021-spd-gegen-fortsetzung-der-grossen-koalition-mit-union-VGE465DEDQTABICWYIXBRV2MRQ.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002200517/https://www.rnd.de/politik/bundestagswahl-2021-spd-gegen-fortsetzung-der-grossen-koalition-mit-union-VGE465DEDQTABICWYIXBRV2MRQ.html |archive-date=2 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=16 September 2021 |title=Im Fall einer neuen Groko: Kühnert kündigt Rücktritt als SPD-Vize an |language=de |work=Frankfurter Rundschau |url=https://www.fr.de/politik/bundestagswahl-2021-grosse-koalition-kevin-kuehnert-ruecktritt-spd-union-cdu-groko-90986249.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002200221/https://www.fr.de/politik/bundestagswahl-2021-grosse-koalition-kevin-kuehnert-ruecktritt-spd-union-cdu-groko-90986249.html |archive-date=2 October 2021}}</ref> and after.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 September 2021 |title=Waigel schließt Große Koalition bei Scheitern von Dreierbündnissen aus |language=de |work=Augsburger Allgemeine |url=https://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/politik/Bundestagswahl-2021-Waigel-schliesst-Grosse-Koalition-bei-Scheitern-von-Dreierbuendnissen-aus-id60651966.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002214800/https://www.augsburger-allgemeine.de/politik/Bundestagswahl-2021-Waigel-schliesst-Grosse-Koalition-bei-Scheitern-von-Dreierbuendnissen-aus-id60651966.html |archive-date=2 October 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Welche Koalitionen sind nach der Bundestagswahl möglich? |language=de |agency=Tagesschau |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/btw21/moegliche-koalitionen-101.html |url-status=live |access-date=3 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002200220/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/btw21/moegliche-koalitionen-101.html |archive-date=2 October 2021}}</ref> On election night, SPD leader Scholz reiterated his goal to form a government, citing the fact that his party emerged as the largest in parliament.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Jamaika, die Ampel und der Machtanspruch von SPD und Union |language=de |agency=Deutsche Welle |url=https://www.dw.com/de/jamaika-die-ampel-und-der-machtanspruch-von-spd-und-union/a-59322903 |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927093907/https://www.dw.com/de/jamaika-die-ampel-und-der-machtanspruch-von-spd-und-union/a-59322903 |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> He expressed his intention to become chancellor and his preference for a [[traffic light coalition]] with the FDP and the Greens.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Scholz will so schnell wie möglich Ampelregierung bilden |language=de |work=Der Tagesspiegel |url=https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/bundestagswahl-2021-olaf-scholz-will-so-schnell-wie-moeglich-ampel-regierung-bilden-a-33427d18-039b-4bd9-af03-b97bba227c6f |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927102957/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/bundestagswahl-2021-olaf-scholz-will-so-schnell-wie-moeglich-ampel-regierung-bilden-a-33427d18-039b-4bd9-af03-b97bba227c6f |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> Leading figures in the CDU/CSU such as [[Michael Kretschmer]] stated that since the CDU/CSU was knocked down to second place, it should not form the government.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=Laschet wirbt weiter für Jamaika |language=de |work=Der Tagesspiegel |url=https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/btw21/laschet-union-streit-103.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927132545/https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/btw21/laschet-union-streit-103.html |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> The FDP and the Greens, having won 210 seats between them, announced that they would talk separately before deciding on whom to support as a senior coalition partner.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 September 2021 |title=FDP-Vorstand beschließt 'Vorsondierungen' mit Grünen |language=de |work=Der Tagesspiegel |url=https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/trotz-groesster-inhaltlicher-unterschiede-fdp-vorstand-beschliesst-vorsondierungen-mit-gruenen/27653038.html |url-status=live |access-date=27 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927144840/https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/trotz-groesster-inhaltlicher-unterschiede-fdp-vorstand-beschliesst-vorsondierungen-mit-gruenen/27653038.html |archive-date=27 September 2021}}</ref> The Greens and the FDP held discussions for two days after the election.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 September 2021 |title=German election: Greens and FDP meet for preliminary two-way talks |url=https://www.dw.com/en/german-election-greens-and-fdp-meet-for-preliminary-two-way-talks/a-59346191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012094112/https://www.dw.com/en/german-election-greens-and-fdp-meet-for-preliminary-two-way-talks/a-59346191 |archive-date=12 October 2021 |access-date=12 October 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> On 7 October, the two parties met with the SPD for the first round of exploratory talks,<ref>{{cite web |date=7 October 2021 |title=German election: SPD, Greens and FDP hold first 3-way talks to explore possible coalition |url=https://www.dw.com/en/german-election-spd-greens-and-fdp-hold-first-3-way-talks-to-explore-possible-coalition/a-59433451 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012041204/https://www.dw.com/en/german-election-spd-greens-and-fdp-hold-first-3-way-talks-to-explore-possible-coalition/a-59433451 |archive-date=12 October 2021 |access-date=12 October 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> with a second round on 11 October.<ref>{{cite web |date=11 October 2021 |title=Germany: SPD, Greens and FDP resume coalition talks after tight election |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-spd-greens-and-fdp-resume-coalition-talks-after-tight-election/a-59465099 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211012173546/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-spd-greens-and-fdp-resume-coalition-talks-after-tight-election/a-59465099 |archive-date=12 October 2021 |access-date=12 October 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> On 15 October, the SPD agreed to more ambitious climate targets, as pledged by the Greens.<ref>{{cite news |date=15 October 2021 |title=German coalition plan sets bigger green targets |agency=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58924480 |url-status=live |access-date=16 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015205827/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-58924480 |archive-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> On 17 October, the Greens voted to enter formal coalition talks with the SPD and FDP.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2021 |title=Germany: Green Party agrees to start formal coalition talks |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-green-party-agrees-to-start-formal-coalition-talks/a-59529940 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019065155/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-green-party-agrees-to-start-formal-coalition-talks/a-59529940 |archive-date=19 October 2021 |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> The next day, the FDP voted to do the same.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 October 2021 |title=Germany: Free Democrats vote to join formal coalition talks |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-free-democrats-vote-to-join-formal-coalition-talks/a-59535205 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211018233633/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-free-democrats-vote-to-join-formal-coalition-talks/a-59535205 |archive-date=18 October 2021 |access-date=18 October 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> The 20th Bundestag was officially sworn in on 26 October.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kurmayer |first=Nikolaus J. |date=26 October 2021 |title=Bundestag holds constituting session |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/short_news/bundestag-holds-constituting-session/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026151311/https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/short_news/bundestag-holds-constituting-session/ |archive-date=26 October 2021 |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=Euractiv}}</ref> |
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On 16 November, the [[general secretaries]] of the three traffic light coalition parties (SPD, FDP, Greens) announced that an agreement document was almost complete, with Scholz to become Chancellor, and that the details would be issued some time in the next week.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 November 2021 |title=Germany: Draft coalition deal to be ready next week |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germany-draft-coalition-deal-to-be-ready-next-week/a-59836865 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117182128/https://www.dw.com/en/germany-draft-coalition-deal-to-be-ready-next-week/a-59836865 |archive-date=17 November 2021 |access-date=17 November 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref> On 23 November, an agreement for a traffic light coalition was finalised.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Weisbach |first1=Annette |last2=Ellyatt |first2=Holly |date=22 November 2021 |title=German coalition deal set to be announced as talks near completion |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/22/germanys-next-coalition-government-whos-who.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124102607/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/22/germanys-next-coalition-government-whos-who.html |archive-date=24 November 2021 |access-date=24 November 2021 |website=CNBC}}</ref> The three parties announced a number of policies, including plans to phase out coal energy by 2030, eight years ahead of the previous target, as well as lower the federal [[voting age]] to 16 years, raise the [[minimum wage]] to €12 per hour, and lower barriers to acquiring German citizenship. Annalena Baerbock will become foreign minister, while Robert Habeck will head a new "super ministry" with responsibility for climate, energy, and economy. Christian Lindner will become finance minister.<ref>{{cite news |date=24 November 2021 |title=Germany's SPD, FDP and Greens unveil governing coalition deal |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-spd-fdp-and-greens-unveil-governing-coalition-deal/a-59915201 |url-status=live |access-date=25 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125002044/https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-spd-fdp-and-greens-unveil-governing-coalition-deal/a-59915201 |archive-date=25 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=25 November 2021 |title=From environment to economy: what to expect from new German government |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/24/from-environment-to-economy-what-to-expect-from-new-german-government |url-status=live |access-date=25 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125025126/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/24/from-environment-to-economy-what-to-expect-from-new-german-government |archive-date=25 November 2021}}</ref> The SPD convention voted 98.8% in favour of approving the agreement on 4 December,<ref>{{cite news |date=4 December 2021 |title=Germany's Social Democrats vote to approve coalition agreement |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-social-democrats-vote-to-approve-coalition-agreement/a-60018960 |access-date=27 December 2021}}</ref> followed by the FDP with 92.4% on 5 December.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 December 2021 |title=2nd party approves deal for Scholz's new German government |url=https://apnews.com/article/europe-elections-germany-olaf-scholz-christian-lindner-415713e5b08204e13ec9f62fb338c3cb |accessdate=5 December 2021 |publisher=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> The results of the Greens membership ballot were announced on 6 December, with 86% voting to approve the coalition.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 December 2021 |title=Germany's Greens approve three-party coalition deal |agency=Deutsche Welle |url=https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-greens-approve-three-party-coalition-deal/a-60030550 |access-date=9 December 2021}}</ref> Scholz was elected as Chancellor by the Bundestag on 8 December,<ref>{{cite web |last=Whiteside |first=Philip |date=8 December 2021 |title=Olaf Scholz: Who is the new German chancellor - and what will his coalition government mean for Europe and the UK? |url=https://news.sky.com/story/olaf-scholz-who-is-the-new-german-chancellor-and-what-will-his-coalition-government-mean-for-europe-and-the-uk-12489135 |access-date=11 December 2021 |publisher=Sky News}}</ref>{{efn|During the government formation talks, [[Angela Merkel]] headed a [[caretaker government]] after the [[Fourth Merkel cabinet]] was formally dismissed by the [[President of Germany]] on 26 October 2021;<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/angela-merkel-social-democrats-olaf-scholz-berlin-germany-b1945346.html|title=Germany's newly elected parliament to convene for first time|website=AP News|agency=[[Associated Press]]|date=26 October 2021|access-date=27 October 2021|via=The Independent|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026090749/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/angela-merkel-social-democrats-olaf-scholz-berlin-germany-b1945346.html|url-status=live}}</ref> had the new government not taken office by 17 December, Merkel would have overtaken [[Helmut Kohl]] as the longest-serving chancellor since [[Otto von Bismarck]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The mess Merkel leaves behind |url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/09/25/the-mess-merkel-leaves-behind |access-date=11 October 2021 |newspaper=The Economist |date=25 September 2021 |quote=Only Otto von Bismarck and Helmut Kohl served longer as Germany's chancellor than Angela Merkel has. |archive-date=11 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011111021/https://www.economist.com/leaders/2021/09/25/the-mess-merkel-leaves-behind |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Ruchir |title=Angela Merkel's shrewd avoidance of stale leader syndrome |url=https://www.ft.com/content/fdd79a2b-7c1c-4b41-9200-e10a8ba49623 |access-date=11 October 2021 |work=Financial Times |date=11 November 2021 |quote=Much has been written about how Angela Merkel is about to become the joint longest-serving German leader since Bismarck, but even that underplays her achievement. |archive-date=11 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011111812/https://www.ft.com/content/fdd79a2b-7c1c-4b41-9200-e10a8ba49623 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} with 395 votes of 707 cast, with 303 votes against.<ref>{{cite news |date=8 December 2021 |title=Olaf Scholz elected new chancellor by German lawmakers |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |url=https://www.dw.com/en/olaf-scholz-elected-new-chancellor-by-german-lawmakers/a-60052911 |accessdate=9 December 2021}}</ref> |
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== Notes == |
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{{notelist}} |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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== External links == |
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{{Commons category}} |
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* {{official website}} |
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* [https://www.bundeswahlleiter.de/en/bundestagswahlen/2021/ergebnisse.html Official website] (in English) |
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{{German federal elections}} |
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{{2021 elections in Germany}} |
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[[:Category:2021 elections in Europe|Germany]] |
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[[:Category:2021 elections in Germany|Federal]] |
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[[:Category:Federal elections in Germany]] |
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[[:Category:September 2021 events in Germany|Federal]] |
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Revision as of 19:38, 3 January 2024
| Polling organisation | Last date of polling | Source | Sample size | MoE | CAQ | QS | PQ | PLQ | PCQ | Other | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leger | December 4, 2023 | 1,040 | ±3.04% | 25 | 17 | 31 | 14 | 11 | 2 | 6 | |
| Pallas Data | November 18, 2023 | 1,178 | ±2.86% | 24.1 | 16.1 | 30.4 | 15.5 | 11.3 | 2.7 | 6.3 | |
| Leger | October 30, 2023 | 1,026 | ±3.06% | 30 | 15 | 26 | 15 | 12 | 3 | 4 | |
| PQ wins the by-election in Jean-Talon on October 2, 2023. | |||||||||||
| Pallas Data | September 27, 2023 | 1,095 | ±3.0% | 34.5 | 15.4 | 19 | 14.7 | 14.6 | 1.9 | 15.5 | |
| Leger | September 25, 2023 | 1,028 | ±3.06% | 34 | 17 | 22 | 14 | 12 | 1 | 12 | |
| Leger | August 21, 2023 | 1,036 | ±3.0% | 37 | 15 | 22 | 12 | 11 | 3 | 15 | |
| Leger | June 12, 2023 | 1,042 | ±3.0% | 37 | 16 | 23 | 13 | 9 | 2 | 14 | |
| Angus Reid | June 3, 2023 | 506 | — | 33 | 17 | 22 | 13 | 12 | 3[a] | 11 | |
| Leger | May 1, 2023 | 1,201 | ±3.0% | 36 | 16 | 22 | 14 | 10 | 2 | 14 | |
| QS wins the by-election in Saint-Henri–Sainte-Anne on March 13, 2023. | |||||||||||
| Leger | February 26, 2023 | 1,044 | ±3.0% | 40 | 17 | 18 | 14 | 9 | 2 | 22 | |
| Leger | December 10, 2022 | 1,002 | ±3.1% | 41 | 14 | 18 | 14 | 10 | 3 | 23 | |
| Leger | November 6, 2022 | 1,028 | ±3.1% | 36 | 19 | 18 | 14 | 11 | 3 | 17 | |
| 2022 election | October 3, 2022 | 4,169,137 | 41.0 | 15.4 | 14.6 | 14.4 | 12.9 | 1.7 | 25.6 | ||
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