Information schema

In relational databases, the information schema (information_schema) is an ANSI-standard set of read-only views that provide information about all of the tables, views, columns, and procedures in a database. It can be used as a source of the information that some databases make available through non-standard commands, such as:

• the SHOW command of MySQL
• the DESCRIBE command of Oracle's SQL*Plus
• the \d command in psql (PostgreSQL's default command-line program).

 => SELECT count(table_name) FROM information_schema.tables;
  count 
 -------
     99
 (1 row)
 => SELECT column_name, data_type, column_default, is_nullable
       FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name='alpha';
  column_name | data_type | column_default | is_nullable 
 -------------+-----------+----------------+-------------
  foo         | integer   |                | YES
  bar         | character |                | YES
 (2 rows)
 => SELECT * FROM information_schema.information_schema_catalog_name;
  catalog_name 
 --------------
  johnd
 (1 row)

Implementation

As a notable exception among major database systems, Oracle does not as of 2015 implement the information schema. An open-source project exists to address this.

RDBMSs that support information_schema include:

• Amazon Redshift
• Apache Hive
• Microsoft SQL Server
• MonetDB
• Snowflake
• MySQL
• PostgreSQL
• H2 Database
• HSQLDB
• InterSystems Caché
• MariaDB
• SingleStore (formerly MemSQL)
• Mimer SQL
• Trino
• Presto
• CrateDB
• ClickHouse

RDBMSs that do not support information_schema include:

• Apache Derby
• Apache Ignite
• Firebird
• Microsoft Access
• IBM Informix
• Ingres
• IBM Db2
• Oracle Database
• SAP HANA
• SQLite
• Sybase ASE
• Sybase SQL Anywhere
• Teradata
• Vertica

See also

• Oracle metadata

External links

• Information schema in H2 Database
• Information schema in MySQL 8.0
• Information schema in PostgreSQL (current version)
• Information schema in SQLite
• Information schema in Microsoft SQL Server 2014
• Information schema in Microsoft SQL Server Compact 4.0
• Oracle Information Schema project on sourceforge
• Information Schema in MariaDB
• Information Schema in MonetDB
• Information Schema in CrateDB