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{{Short description|Cholera outbreak in Southern Africa}}
{{Short description|Cholera outbreak in Southern Africa}}

{{Infobox outbreak
{{Infobox outbreak
| name = 2022–2024 Southern Africa cholera outbreak
| name = 2022–2024 Southern Africa cholera outbreak
| disease = [[Cholera]]
| width =
| location = [[Southern Africa]]
| image =
| image_size =
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| dates = March 2022 – present
| image_upright =
| alt =
| caption =
| map1 =
| legend1 =
| map2 =
| legend2 =
| map3 =
| legend3 =
| map4 =
| legend4 =
| map5 =
| legend5 =
| disease =
| disease = [[Cholera]]
| location = [[Southern Africa]]
⚫
| date = March 2022 – present
| virus_strain = <!-- or | bacteria_strain = -->
<!-- or | parasite_strain = -->
<!-- or | pathogen_strain = -->
| first_outbreak = <!-- Indicates first outbreak globally-->
| first_reported = <!-- Media or historical report, (evidence of prior circulation) -->
<!-- If first outbreak and first report are the same, choose one!-->

| index_case = <!-- National or international depending on article level -->
| arrival_date = <!-- or | dates = -->
| source = <!-- Animal or other reservoir -->
| type =
| confirmed_cases =
| active_cases =
| suspected_cases =
| severe_cases =
| hospitalized_cases = <!-- or | hospitalised_cases = -->
| critical_cases =
| ventilator_cases =
| ecmo_cases =
| recovery_cases =
| deaths =
| fatality_rate =
| test_positivity_rate = <!-- Indicates test positivity rate -->
| territories =
| total_ili =
| website =
| vaccinations = <!-- A list in here will be shown without bullet points -->

}}
}}
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The '''2022–2024 Southern Africa cholera outbreak''' is an outbreak that has spread across Southern Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-27 |title=Cholera outbreak in Eastern and Southern Africa {{!}} UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa |url=https://www.unicef.org/esa/reports/cholera-outbreak-eastern-and-southern-africa |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=Africanews {{!}} Cholera kills 17 in South Africa and a further 9 in neighboring Zimbabwe |url=http://www.africanews.com/amp/2023/05/25/cholera-kills-17-in-south-africa-and-a-further-9-in-neighboring-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Africanews |language=en}}</ref> It started in [[Machinga District]] in [[Malawi]] in March 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cholera - Malawi |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON435 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref>


⚫
The '''2022–2024 Southern Africa cholera outbreak''' is an outbreak that has spread across Southern Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-27 |title=Cholera outbreak in Eastern and Southern Africa {{!}} UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa |url=https://www.unicef.org/esa/reports/cholera-outbreak-eastern-and-southern-africa |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.unicef.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-25 |title=Africanews {{!}} Cholera kills 17 in South Africa and a further 9 in neighboring Zimbabwe |url=http://www.africanews.com/amp/2023/05/25/cholera-kills-17-in-south-africa-and-a-further-9-in-neighboring-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=Africanews |language=en}}</ref> It started in [[Machinga District]] in [[Malawi]] in March 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Cholera - Malawi |url=https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON435 |access-date=2023-10-21 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> The cholera outbreak in Malawi linked to cases in [[South Africa]], the [[El Tor|strains]] belong to the [[seventh cholera pandemic]]. Rather than being a resurgence of a previously circulating strain in Africa, these cases likely resulted from the introduction of a new cholera agent from [[South Asia]] into Africa.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Smith |first=Anthony M. |last2=Sekwadi |first2=Phuti |last3=Erasmus |first3=Linda K. |last4=Lee |first4=Christine C. |last5=Stroika |first5=Steven G. |last6=Ndzabandzaba |first6=Sinenhlanhla |last7=Alex |first7=Vinitha |last8=Nel |first8=Jeremy |last9=Njamkepo |first9=Elisabeth |last10=Thomas |first10=Juno |last11=Weill |first11=François-Xavier |title=Imported Cholera Cases, South Africa, 2023 - Volume 29, Number 8—August 2023 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC |url=https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/29/8/23-0750_article |language=en-us |doi=10.3201/eid2908.230750 |pmc=PMC10370840 |pmid=37352549}}</ref>
==Timeline==
==Timeline==
In March 2022, Malawi recorded its first cases of [[cholera]].<ref name=":0" />
In March 2022, Malawi recorded its first cases of [[cholera]].<ref name=":0" />
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==Affected countries==
==Affected countries==
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*[[Botswana]]
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*[[Eswatini]]
*[[Malawi]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Miggo |first=Mictum |last2=Harawa |first2=Gracian |last3=Kangwerema |first3=Allan |last4=Knovicks |first4=Simfukwe |last5=Mfune |first5=Chalo |last6=Safari |first6=Jackson |last7=Kaunda |first7=John Thumbiko |last8=Kalua |first8=Joel |last9=Sefu |first9=Glory |last10=Phiri |first10=Elias |last11=Patel |first11=Parth |date=2023-10 |title=Fight against cholera outbreak, efforts and challenges in Malawi |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hsr2.1594 |journal=Health Science Reports |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |doi=10.1002/hsr2.1594 |issn=2398-8835 |pmc=PMC10551271 |pmid=37808935}}</ref>
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*[[Mozambique]]
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*[[Namibia]]
*[[2023 cholera outbreak in South Africa|South Africa]]
*[[2023 cholera outbreak in South Africa|South Africa]]
*[[Malawi]]
*[[Tanzania]]
*[[2023–2024 Zambian cholera outbreak|Zambia]]
*[[2023–2024 Zambian cholera outbreak|Zambia]]
*[[2023 Zimbabwe cholera outbreak|Zimbabwe]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Olatunji |first=Gbolahan |last2=Kokori |first2=Emmanuel |last3=Moradeyo |first3=Abdulrahmon |last4=Olatunji |first4=Doyin |last5=Ajibola |first5=Folake |last6=Otolorin |first6=Oluwaseun |last7=Aderinto |first7=Nicholas |date=2023-11-27 |title=A Perspective on the 2023 Cholera Outbreaks in Zimbabwe: Implications, Response Strategies, and Policy Recommendations |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s44197-023-00165-6 |journal=Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health |language=en |doi=10.1007/s44197-023-00165-6 |issn=2210-6014}}</ref>
⚫
*[[Namibia]]
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*[[Mozambique]]
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*[[Eswatini]]
⚫
*[[Botswana]]
*[[Zambia]]
*[[2023 Zimbabwe cholera outbreak|Zimbabwe]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 23:50, 18 January 2024

2022–2024 Southern Africa cholera outbreak
DiseaseCholera
LocationSouthern Africa
DateMarch 2022 – present

The 2022–2024 Southern Africa cholera outbreak is an outbreak that has spread across Southern Africa.[1][2] It started in Machinga District in Malawi in March 2022.[3] The cholera outbreak in Malawi linked to cases in South Africa, the strains belong to the seventh cholera pandemic. Rather than being a resurgence of a previously circulating strain in Africa, these cases likely resulted from the introduction of a new cholera agent from South Asia into Africa.[4]

Timeline

In March 2022, Malawi recorded its first cases of cholera.[3]

In January 2024, it was reported that around 300 people had died following a cholera outbreak in Zambia.[5]

Affected countries

References

  1. ^ "Cholera outbreak in Eastern and Southern Africa | UNICEF Eastern and Southern Africa". www.unicef.org. 2023-03-27. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  2. ^ "Africanews | Cholera kills 17 in South Africa and a further 9 in neighboring Zimbabwe". Africanews. 2023-05-25. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  3. ^ a b "Cholera - Malawi". www.who.int. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  4. ^ Smith, Anthony M.; Sekwadi, Phuti; Erasmus, Linda K.; Lee, Christine C.; Stroika, Steven G.; Ndzabandzaba, Sinenhlanhla; Alex, Vinitha; Nel, Jeremy; Njamkepo, Elisabeth; Thomas, Juno; Weill, François-Xavier. "Imported Cholera Cases, South Africa, 2023 - Volume 29, Number 8—August 2023 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC". doi:10.3201/eid2908.230750. PMC 10370840. PMID 37352549. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  5. ^ "Zambia cholera: President Hakainde Hichilema urges people to move to villages". BBC News. 2024-01-11. Retrieved 2024-01-12.
  6. ^ Miggo, Mictum; Harawa, Gracian; Kangwerema, Allan; Knovicks, Simfukwe; Mfune, Chalo; Safari, Jackson; Kaunda, John Thumbiko; Kalua, Joel; Sefu, Glory; Phiri, Elias; Patel, Parth (2023-10). "Fight against cholera outbreak, efforts and challenges in Malawi". Health Science Reports. 6 (10). doi:10.1002/hsr2.1594. ISSN 2398-8835. PMC 10551271. PMID 37808935. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  7. ^ Olatunji, Gbolahan; Kokori, Emmanuel; Moradeyo, Abdulrahmon; Olatunji, Doyin; Ajibola, Folake; Otolorin, Oluwaseun; Aderinto, Nicholas (2023-11-27). "A Perspective on the 2023 Cholera Outbreaks in Zimbabwe: Implications, Response Strategies, and Policy Recommendations". Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health. doi:10.1007/s44197-023-00165-6. ISSN 2210-6014.
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