Alexis Mallon: Difference between revisions
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==Education and career== |
==Education and career== |
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Born in France, Mallon received his [[Jesuit formation|Jesuit training]] in [[Beirut]], Lebanon, and spent four years studying [[theology]] in England between 1905 and 1909.<ref name="Ghassul" /> In Beirut he also studied languages and taught [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] and [[Coptic language|Coptic]] at [[Saint Joseph University]].<ref name="Ghassul" /> He published one of the first grammars of Coptic in 1904.<ref name="Bar-Yosef and Valla" /> |
Born in France, Mallon received his [[Jesuit formation|Jesuit training]] in [[Beirut]], Lebanon, and spent four years studying [[theology]] in England between 1905 and 1909.<ref name="Ghassul" /> In Beirut he also studied languages and taught [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]] and [[Coptic language|Coptic]] at [[Saint Joseph University]].<ref name="Ghassul" /> He published one of the first grammars of Coptic in 1904.<ref name="Bar-Yosef and Valla" /> |
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In 1910, he was transferred to the newly-founded [[Pontifical Biblical Institute]] and in 1913 was sent to Jerusalem to set up a branch of the institute there.<ref name="Ghassul" /> After being forced to move to [[Cairo]] by the outbreak of the [[First World War]],<ref name="Bar-Yosef and Valla" /> Mallon returned to Palestine in 1919 and was finally able to establish the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Jerusalem in 1927.<ref name="Ghassul" /> |
In 1910, he was transferred to the newly-founded [[Pontifical Biblical Institute]] and in 1913 was sent to Jerusalem to set up a branch of the institute there.<ref name="Ghassul" /> After being forced to move to [[Cairo]] by the outbreak of the [[First World War]],<ref name="Bar-Yosef and Valla" /> Mallon returned to Palestine in 1919 and was finally able to establish the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Jerusalem in 1927.<ref name="Ghassul" /> |
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==Archaeology== |
==Archaeology== |
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[[File:Air views of Palestine. Flying south over the Jordan Rift. Tell Ghassul. Identified as site of Sodom and Gomorrah. E. of Jordan, N. of Dead Sea LOC matpc.22089.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial photograph of [[Teleilat el Ghassul]] during Mallon's excavations, 1931.]] |
[[File:Air views of Palestine. Flying south over the Jordan Rift. Tell Ghassul. Identified as site of Sodom and Gomorrah. E. of Jordan, N. of Dead Sea LOC matpc.22089.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial photograph of [[Teleilat el Ghassul]] during Mallon's excavations, 1931.]] |
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Mallon's interest in archaeology was fostered by [[Godefroy Zumoffen]], a fellow Jesuit in Beirut. Together they compiled the first systematic [[gazetteer]] of sites in the Levant, published in 1925.<ref name="Bar-Yosef and Valla" /> Unlike many of his contemporaries in the region, and despite his calling, Mallon's interests were in [[prehistory]] rather than [[biblical archaeology]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Thomas W. |title=Shifting Sands: The Rise and Fall of Biblical Archaeology |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-516710-8 |pages=80–81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_m7_SDyyiHMC&pg=PA81 |language=en}}</ref> He discovered prehistoric stone tools at [[Shuqba cave]] in 1924 and conducted trial excavations there in 1928.<ref name="Bar-Yosef and Valla" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Garrod |first1=Dorothy A. E. |title=Excavation of a Palaeolithic Cave in Western Judaea |journal=Palestine Exploration Quarterly |date=1928 |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=182–185 |doi=10.1179/peq.1928.60.4.182 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/peq.1928.60.4.182}}</ref> Subsequent excavations at Shuqba by British archaeologist [[Dorothy Garrod]] unearthed the first traces of the [[Mesolithic]] outside of Europe and defined the [[Natufian culture]].<ref name="Boyd 1999">{{Cite book|title=Dorothy Garrod and the progress of the Palaeolithic|last=Boyd|first=Brian|publisher=Oxbow|year=1999|isbn=9781785705199|editor-last=Davies|editor-first=William|location=Oxford|pages=209–223|chapter='Twisting the kaleidoscope': Dorothy Garrod and the 'Natufian Culture'|editor-last2=Charles|editor-first2=Ruth}}</ref> |
Mallon's interest in archaeology was fostered by [[Godefroy Zumoffen]], a fellow Jesuit in Beirut. Together they compiled the first systematic [[gazetteer]] of sites in the Levant, published in 1925.<ref name="Bar-Yosef and Valla" /> Unlike many of his contemporaries in the region, and despite his calling, Mallon's interests were in [[prehistory]] rather than [[biblical archaeology]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Davis |first1=Thomas W. |title=Shifting Sands: The Rise and Fall of Biblical Archaeology |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-516710-8 |pages=80–81 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_m7_SDyyiHMC&pg=PA81 |language=en}}</ref> He discovered prehistoric stone tools at [[Shuqba cave]] in 1924 and conducted trial excavations there in 1928.<ref name="Bar-Yosef and Valla" /><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Garrod |first1=Dorothy A. E. |title=Excavation of a Palaeolithic Cave in Western Judaea |journal=Palestine Exploration Quarterly |date=1928 |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=182–185 |doi=10.1179/peq.1928.60.4.182 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/peq.1928.60.4.182}}</ref> Subsequent excavations at Shuqba by British archaeologist [[Dorothy Garrod]] unearthed the first traces of the [[Mesolithic]] outside of Europe and defined the [[Natufian culture]].<ref name="Boyd 1999">{{Cite book|title=Dorothy Garrod and the progress of the Palaeolithic|last=Boyd|first=Brian|publisher=Oxbow|year=1999|isbn=9781785705199|editor-last=Davies|editor-first=William|location=Oxford|pages=209–223|chapter='Twisting the kaleidoscope': Dorothy Garrod and the 'Natufian Culture'|editor-last2=Charles|editor-first2=Ruth}}</ref> |
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Mallon's most notable contribution to archaeology was his excavations at [[Teleilat el Ghassul]] on the northern shore of the [[Dead Sea]].<ref name="Bar-Yosef and Valla" /> Contemporary press reports proclaimed the site to be the remains of the biblical [[Sodom and Gomorrah]], but Mallon himself considered this unlikely.<ref name="Cerny">{{cite journal |last1=Cerny |first1=Edward A. |title=Archaeological Corner: Teleilat Ghassul |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |date=1940 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=264–266 |jstor=43718415 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43718415 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> He directed excavations there until his death in 1934, establishing the site as one of the key [[Chalcolithic]] sequences in the region and the [[type site]] of the [[Ghassulian culture]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Albright |first1=W. F. |title=The Chalcolithic Age in Palestine |journal=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research |date=1932 |issue=48 |pages=10–13 |volume=48| doi=10.2307/1354894 |jstor=1354894 |s2cid=163710762 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1354894 |issn=0003-097X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Searching for Sodom and Gomorrah? |url=https://jesuitsholyland.wordpress.com/2017/11/24/searching-for-sodom-and-gomorrah/ |website=Jesuits in the Holy Land |publisher=[[Pontifical Biblical Institute]] |access-date=30 September 2021 |language=en |date=24 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |url=https://zenodo.org/record/4593713 |title=From Sodom to Ghassul: The Legacy of the Ghassul excavation at 90 |last1=Briffa |first1=Josef Mario |date=6 April 2021 |location=Bologna |conference=12th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (12th ICAANE) |doi=10.5281/zenodo.4593713}}</ref> [[Robert Koeppel]] of the Pontifical Biblical Institute continued the excavations after Mallon's death.<ref name="Bar-Yosef and Valla" /><ref name="Cerny" /> |
Mallon's most notable contribution to archaeology was his excavations at [[Teleilat el Ghassul]] on the northern shore of the [[Dead Sea]].<ref name="Bar-Yosef and Valla" /> Contemporary press reports proclaimed the site to be the remains of the biblical [[Sodom and Gomorrah]], but Mallon himself considered this unlikely.<ref name="Cerny">{{cite journal |last1=Cerny |first1=Edward A. |title=Archaeological Corner: Teleilat Ghassul |journal=The Catholic Biblical Quarterly |date=1940 |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=264–266 |jstor=43718415 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43718415 |issn=0008-7912}}</ref> He directed excavations there until his death in 1934, establishing the site as one of the key [[Chalcolithic]] sequences in the region and the [[type site]] of the [[Ghassulian culture]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Albright |first1=W. F. |title=The Chalcolithic Age in Palestine |journal=Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research |date=1932 |issue=48 |pages=10–13 |volume=48| doi=10.2307/1354894 |jstor=1354894 |s2cid=163710762 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1354894 |issn=0003-097X}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Searching for Sodom and Gomorrah? |url=https://jesuitsholyland.wordpress.com/2017/11/24/searching-for-sodom-and-gomorrah/ |website=Jesuits in the Holy Land |publisher=[[Pontifical Biblical Institute]] |access-date=30 September 2021 |language=en |date=24 November 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite conference |url=https://zenodo.org/record/4593713 |title=From Sodom to Ghassul: The Legacy of the Ghassul excavation at 90 |last1=Briffa |first1=Josef Mario |date=6 April 2021 |location=Bologna |conference=12th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (12th ICAANE) |doi=10.5281/zenodo.4593713}}</ref> [[Robert Koeppel]] of the Pontifical Biblical Institute continued the excavations after Mallon's death.<ref name="Bar-Yosef and Valla" /><ref name="Cerny" /> |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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* [https://ghassul.wordpress.com/ Teleilat Ghassul Excavation Archives], Pontifical Biblical Institute in Jerusalem |
* [https://ghassul.wordpress.com/ Teleilat Ghassul Excavation Archives], Pontifical Biblical Institute in Jerusalem |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mallon, Alexis}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mallon, Alexis}} |
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Revision as of 17:50, 24 January 2024
Alexis Mallon (1875–1934), more commonly known as Père Mallon, was a French Jesuit priest and archaeologist. He founded the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Jerusalem[1] and made important early contributions to the study of the prehistory of the Levant with his excavations at Teleilat el Ghassul (1929–1934).[2]
Education and career
Born in France, Mallon received his Jesuit training in Beirut, Lebanon, and spent four years studying theology in England between 1905 and 1909.[1] In Beirut he also studied languages and taught Egyptian and Coptic at Saint Joseph University.[1] He published one of the first grammars of Coptic in 1904.[2]
In 1910, he was transferred to the newly-founded Pontifical Biblical Institute and in 1913 was sent to Jerusalem to set up a branch of the institute there.[1] After being forced to move to Cairo by the outbreak of the First World War,[2] Mallon returned to Palestine in 1919 and was finally able to establish the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Jerusalem in 1927.[1]
Archaeology
Mallon's interest in archaeology was fostered by Godefroy Zumoffen, a fellow Jesuit in Beirut. Together they compiled the first systematic gazetteer of sites in the Levant, published in 1925.[2] Unlike many of his contemporaries in the region, and despite his calling, Mallon's interests were in prehistory rather than biblical archaeology.[3] He discovered prehistoric stone tools at Shuqba cave in 1924 and conducted trial excavations there in 1928.[2][4] Subsequent excavations at Shuqba by British archaeologist Dorothy Garrod unearthed the first traces of the Mesolithic outside of Europe and defined the Natufian culture.[5]
Mallon's most notable contribution to archaeology was his excavations at Teleilat el Ghassul on the northern shore of the Dead Sea.[2] Contemporary press reports proclaimed the site to be the remains of the biblical Sodom and Gomorrah, but Mallon himself considered this unlikely.[6] He directed excavations there until his death in 1934, establishing the site as one of the key Chalcolithic sequences in the region and the type site of the Ghassulian culture.[7][8][9] Robert Koeppel of the Pontifical Biblical Institute continued the excavations after Mallon's death.[2][6]
Mallon had a significant influence on René Neuville, introducing him to prehistoric archaeology when he first arrived in Jerusalem as a diplomat in 1926.[2] The two went on to collaborate on excavations at Oumm Qatafa,[2] and Neuville assisted Mallon at Teleilat el Ghassul.[6]
Selected publications
- Grammaire Copte (1904)
References
- ^ a b c d e "Fr Alexis Mallon SJ". Teleilat Ghassul Excavation Archives. Pontifical Biblical Institute. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Valla, François. "The Contributions of Early French Scholars to Levantine Prehistory". In Goldfus, Haim; Gruber, Mayer I.; Yona, Shamir; Fabian, Peter (eds.). 'Isaac went out to the field': Studies in Archaeology and Ancient Cultures in Honor of Isaac Gilead. Oxford: Archaeopress. pp. 40–47. doi:10.2307/j.ctvndv7gk.10. S2CID 202374250.
- ^ Davis, Thomas W. (2004). Shifting Sands: The Rise and Fall of Biblical Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 80–81. ISBN 978-0-19-516710-8.
- ^ Garrod, Dorothy A. E. (1928). "Excavation of a Palaeolithic Cave in Western Judaea". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 60 (4): 182–185. doi:10.1179/peq.1928.60.4.182.
- ^ Boyd, Brian (1999). "'Twisting the kaleidoscope': Dorothy Garrod and the 'Natufian Culture'". In Davies, William; Charles, Ruth (eds.). Dorothy Garrod and the progress of the Palaeolithic. Oxford: Oxbow. pp. 209–223. ISBN 9781785705199.
- ^ a b c Cerny, Edward A. (1940). "Archaeological Corner: Teleilat Ghassul". The Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 2 (3): 264–266. ISSN 0008-7912. JSTOR 43718415.
- ^ Albright, W. F. (1932). "The Chalcolithic Age in Palestine". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 48 (48): 10–13. doi:10.2307/1354894. ISSN 0003-097X. JSTOR 1354894. S2CID 163710762.
- ^ "Searching for Sodom and Gomorrah?". Jesuits in the Holy Land. Pontifical Biblical Institute. 24 November 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
- ^ Briffa, Josef Mario (6 April 2021). From Sodom to Ghassul: The Legacy of the Ghassul excavation at 90. 12th International Congress on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (12th ICAANE). Bologna. doi:10.5281/zenodo.4593713.
External links
- Teleilat Ghassul Excavation Archives, Pontifical Biblical Institute in Jerusalem
