Shirke: Difference between revisions
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The '''Shirke''' is a [[Maratha clan]], found largely in [[Maharashtra]] and bordering states of India. |
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{{Copy edit|date=February 2024}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} |
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{{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}} |
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The '''Shirke''' is a [[Maratha clan]], found largely in [[Maharashtra]] and bordering states of India. Shirke word derives from [[Sanskrit]] word "Shir", which means head. Remainder suffix "Ke" must have derived later from [[Urdu]] language, which means [[apostrophe]] "s". Hence, Shirke can be translated as Head's. [[Baburao Govindrao Shirke]] was an Indian businessman, who was awarded with one of the highest civilian awards [[Padma Shri]] in 2003. Often Rao or [[Raje]] is added before the surname Shirke, which was the [[title]] padvi given to their specific family. |
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Inspite, before & after the independence of [[India]] many families from diverse background in [[Maharashtra]] used the surname Shirke to show the social prestige that they had gained with hardship. Similar to the great Indian jurist Dr. B. R. [[Ambedkar]], who had written the constitution of India, who had changed his surname for the good reason. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The |
The Shirke clan held [[Deshmukh]]i rights in the areas of coastal [[Konkan]] in present day state of [[Maharashtra]] and some inland areas of Western Maharashtra during 15th century under the [[Bahamani Sultanate]] and in 16th and 17th century under the successor [[Deccan sultanates]] of [[Adilshahi]] and [[Nizamshahi]]<ref name="jstor.org">{{cite journal|last1=Kulkarni|first1=G.T.|title=Deccan (Maharashtra) Under the Muslim Rulers From Khaljis to Shivaji: A Study in Interaction, Profesor S.M. Katre Felicitation|journal=Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute|date=1992|volume=51/52|pages=501–510|jstor=42930434}}</ref> During the Bahamani era, the seat of Shirke fief was at Khelna (Vishalgad).<ref name="Ali1996">{{cite book|author=Shanti Sadiq Ali|title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3CPc22nMqIC&pg=PR9|year=1996|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-0485-1|pages=45–46}}</ref> The Shirkes intermarried with the [[Surve]]s and kept command over their regions. In the mid 17th century, [[Shivaji]], the founder of [[Maratha empire]] got the Surve and Shirke to join him by force or by forming marital alliances. |
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== Ikshwaku Lineage == |
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The Shirke family has been the descent of [[Ikshwaku]] Sri [[Rama]] dynasty, [[Suryavansh]]. [[File:The seal ring of Shirke family that was kept by Chatrapti Shivaji Maharaj in his praying room next to the idol of Sri Shirkai devi & Sri Bhavani devi.jpg|thumb|The seal ring of Head's King that Maharaja [[Shivaji]] kept in his Pooja Ghar next to the Golden idols of Sri Shirakai & Aai [[Bhavani]]. Written; श्री शिर्के राजे करण गो अण् धिकारी, The Head's King land/written/document cow & ownership.]] The ancestors of Shirke family were well versed in Krishna [[Yajurveda]]. The Shirke family's Kulaswamini Shirakai has had been the [[Kanchipuram]] [[Kamakshi]]. In Kanchipuram Kanchi temple Maharaj [[Dasharatha]] performed "putra kameshti yajnya" for having powerful sons, which has been mentioned in the [[Ramayana]] bala kanda & Kamakshi Vilasam text. Shirakai & Kamakshi both have been famously represented as the head of the Sree Devi in [[shakta]] sect. Though the records of [[Adi Shankaracharya]] had been pacifying the fearsome idol of Kanchi [[Kamakshi]] during his lifetime are with the Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham. |
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The connection of [[Kanchi Kamakoti Peetham]] with [[Raigad fort]] Gadaswamni Shirakai devi had been one of the major reasons that Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj decided to make Raigad as the capital of [[Maratha Empire]]. |
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The Shirke has been the close relatives of 17th Bhosale rulers, [[Shahaji]], [[Shivaji]], [[Sambhaji]], and [[Rajaram Chhatrapati|Rajaram]]. The marital relationship between Shirke & Bhosle has been maintained up until now. |
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== Contribution to Maratha Empire == |
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The false involvement of Shirke family into the capture of Chatrapati <nowiki>Sambhaji</nowiki> Maharaj can be understood when it is seen that the son of [[Sambhaji]] Maharaj, [[Shahu I]] married to Sakuvarabai Shirke. In addition, just after the death of Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, when the bloodshed of Chatrapati Sambhaji was still haunting the conscious of Maratha kingdom, at such time [[Rajaram Chhatrapati|Rajaram]] Maharaj ascended the throne out of no choice. Yet again, Chatrapati Rajaram Maharaj trusted the help of Shirke family to escape himself safely to the [[Jinji fort]]. Both these indecents confirm that Shirke family wasn't involved in the betrayal and in fact they have been the close trust worthy arm force of Bhosle family & the [[maratha empire]]. Therefore, it has to be understood that Shirke has been one of the integral & trustworthy part of Maratha Intelligence Cell called '''Ganimi Kava'''. |
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The Shirkes had been the commander in chief of '''Maratha naval force'''. In 17th century 300 naval ships controlled the western coast of India by the naval commander in chief Sri. Shankarrao Raje Shirke. [[File:Naval Ensign of India.svg|thumb|New ensign of Indian Navy]] In December 2023, the prime minister [[Modi]] led [[government of India]] has honoured the contribution of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj & his advanced marine navy, therefore changed the current ensign of [[Indian navy]] that which gains the inspiration from the centuries old maratha navy. |
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The contribution of Shirke family towards the Swaraj has been unprecedented. Yet, later during the [[Peshwa]] Raj the Marath's history has been deliberately tampered for the wasted interest by few Bramhins like Annaji Datto & Ranganathan. The death of Sambhaji Maharaj is one of such historic incidents. |
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=== The death of Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj === |
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[[File:Page33martinsdiary.jpg|thumb|Martin's Diary mentioned that the close Bramhnis betrayed Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj from Memores De Francois Martin Fond Vol.3 page 33 March 1689 (1665-1694)]] |
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[[File:Englishtranslationofmartinsdairypahe33.jpg|thumb|Enlish translation of Martin Francisco's Diary page 33 Vol.3 March 1689]] |
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[[François Martin (Pondicherry)]], a French man had mentioned in his diary the culprits of Sambhaji Maharaj's capture. Martin's diary says that the '''close Bramhnis betrayed Sambhaji Maharaj''', hence the Sambhaji was captured by Mughal army, thereafter the whole south India was in a major chaos at the time. Martin's french diary dates the incident on page 'Mars 1689' is available on the internet archive, as "Memores De Francois Martin Fond Vol.3 (1665-1694)". The original copies of the diary is safe in Paris museum at the moment. |
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The Shirkes were relatives of 17th Bhosale rulers, [[Shahaji]], [[Shivaji]], [[Sambhaji]], and [[Rajaram Chhatrapati|Rajaram]]. Although Sambhaji's wife came from the Shirke family, his positions were spied upon. Sambhaji and 25 of his advisors were captured by the Mughal forces of [[Muqarrab Khan]] in a skirmish at [[Sangameshwar]] in February 1689.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1wUgKKzawoC|title=Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813|last=Mehta|first=Jaswant Lal|date=2005-01-01|publisher=Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd|isbn=9781932705546|language=en}}</ref> |
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The Shirke family was one of the very few, who recovered the brutally damaged body of Chatrapati Sambahji Maharaj & passed the presentable body for the final cremation. Being sensitive towards Maharani [[Yesubai]]'s emotions for her husband Chatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj, who was the son in law of Sri Pilaji Raje Shirke & Maharaj was the brother of Rajakuvar Bai, who was the wife of Sri Ganoji Raje Shirke. Those Shirke family members, who recovered the body of Maharaj changed their family name to "'''Shivale'''" forever, means the one who stitched. |
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| ⚫ | The Shirke were relations and confidantes of the Raja Pratapsinha of the short lived [[Satara state]]. He also sent a member of the Shirke family to London to plead his case of restoring him to power in 1839.<ref name="Kulkarni1995">{{cite book|author=Sumitra Kulkarni|title=The Satara Raj, 1818-1848: A Study in History, Administration, and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SYOSHaZnBy8C&pg=PP15|year=1995|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-581-4|pages=25, 33}}</ref> |
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=== London, House of Commons === |
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| ⚫ | The Shirke |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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* [[Maratha]] |
* [[Maratha]] |
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* [[Maratha Empire]] |
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* [[Maratha clan system]] |
* [[Maratha clan system]] |
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* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]] |
* [[List of Maratha dynasties and states]] |
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* [[Holkar]] |
* [[Holkar]] |
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* [[Peshwa]] |
* [[Peshwa]] |
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* [[Ikshwaku]] |
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* [[Rama]] |
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* [[Kanchipuram]] |
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* [[Raigad fort]] |
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* [[Kamakshi]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 17:22, 17 February 2024
The Shirke is a Maratha clan, found largely in Maharashtra and bordering states of India.
History
The Shirke clan held Deshmukhi rights in the areas of coastal Konkan in present day state of Maharashtra and some inland areas of Western Maharashtra during 15th century under the Bahamani Sultanate and in 16th and 17th century under the successor Deccan sultanates of Adilshahi and Nizamshahi[1] During the Bahamani era, the seat of Shirke fief was at Khelna (Vishalgad).[2] The Shirkes intermarried with the Surves and kept command over their regions. In the mid 17th century, Shivaji, the founder of Maratha empire got the Surve and Shirke to join him by force or by forming marital alliances.
The Shirkes were relatives of 17th Bhosale rulers, Shahaji, Shivaji, Sambhaji, and Rajaram. Although Sambhaji's wife came from the Shirke family, his positions were spied upon. Sambhaji and 25 of his advisors were captured by the Mughal forces of Muqarrab Khan in a skirmish at Sangameshwar in February 1689.[3]
The Shirke were relations and confidantes of the Raja Pratapsinha of the short lived Satara state. He also sent a member of the Shirke family to London to plead his case of restoring him to power in 1839.[4]
See also
- Maratha
- Maratha clan system
- List of Maratha dynasties and states
- Bhonsle
- Gaekwad
- Scindia
- Puars
- Holkar
- Peshwa
References
- ^ Kulkarni, G.T. (1992). "Deccan (Maharashtra) Under the Muslim Rulers From Khaljis to Shivaji: A Study in Interaction, Profesor S.M. Katre Felicitation". Bulletin of the Deccan College Research Institute. 51/52: 501–510. JSTOR 42930434.
- ^ Shanti Sadiq Ali (1996). The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times. Orient Blackswan. pp. 45–46. ISBN 978-81-250-0485-1.
- ^ Mehta, Jaswant Lal (2005-01-01). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 9781932705546.
- ^ Sumitra Kulkarni (1995). The Satara Raj, 1818-1848: A Study in History, Administration, and Culture. Mittal Publications. pp. 25, 33. ISBN 978-81-7099-581-4.
Further reading
- S.R. Bakshi (1 January 2003). Advanced history of medieval India. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. pp. 391–. ISBN 978-81-7488-028-4. Retrieved 20 May 2011.