Douglas Jay: Difference between revisions
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==Early life and education== |
==Early life and education== |
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Educated at [[Winchester College]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Adrian Wooldridge|title=Measuring the Mind: Education and Psychology in England C.1860-c.1990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1zcWgGd-CEC&pg=PA186|date=27 April 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-02618-5|page=186}}</ref> and [[New College, Oxford]], Jay won the Chancellor's English Essay in 1927 and gained a First in [[Literae Humaniores]] ('Greats') in 1929.<ref>''Oxford University Calendar 1932'', pp. 273, 488</ref> He was a Fellow of [[All Souls College, Oxford|All Souls]] from 1930 to 1937. His early career was as an economics journalist working for ''[[The Times]]'' (1929–33), ''[[The Economist]]'' (1933–37) and the ''[[Daily Herald (UK newspaper)|Daily Herald]]'' (1937–41), then as a civil servant in the [[Ministry of Supply]] and the [[Board of Trade (Privy Council)|Board of Trade]] |
Educated at [[Winchester College]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Adrian Wooldridge|title=Measuring the Mind: Education and Psychology in England C.1860-c.1990|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1zcWgGd-CEC&pg=PA186|date=27 April 2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-02618-5|page=186}}</ref> and [[New College, Oxford]], Jay won the Chancellor's English Essay in 1927 and gained a First in [[Literae Humaniores]] ('Greats') in 1929.<ref>''Oxford University Calendar 1932'', pp. 273, 488</ref> He was a Fellow of [[All Souls College, Oxford|All Souls]] from 1930 to 1937. His early career was as an economics journalist, working for ''[[The Times]]'' (1929–33), ''[[The Economist]]'' (1933–37) and the ''[[Daily Herald (UK newspaper)|Daily Herald]]'' (1937–41), then as a civil servant in the [[Ministry of Supply]] and the [[Board of Trade (Privy Council)|Board of Trade]]. From 1943 he was a personal assistant to [[Hugh Dalton]]. |
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In ''The Socialist Case'' (1937) he wrote: "in the case of nutrition and health, just as in the case of education, the gentleman in [[Whitehall]] really does know better what is good for people than the people know themselves". This statement was mercilessly exploited by the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] and won him long-lasting notoriety; it has often been paraphrased as "the man in Whitehall knows best". |
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==Political career== |
==Political career== |
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Jay was a convinced democratic socialist from a young age, but only joined the Labour Party in the winter of 1933–34, whereupon he became a member of Paddington [[Constituency Labour Party|constituency party]].<ref>Douglas Jay, ''Change and Fortune: a Political Record'' (London: Hutchinson, 1980), pp. 56-7.</ref> In his capacity as a journalist he was a senior figure in the [[XYZ Club]], a clandestine organisation in the [[City of London]] dedicated to supplying Labour with financial intelligence.<ref>Jay, ''Change and Fortune'', p. 60.</ref> |
Jay was a convinced democratic socialist from a young age, but only joined the Labour Party in the winter of 1933–34, whereupon he became a member of Paddington [[Constituency Labour Party|constituency party]].<ref>Douglas Jay, ''Change and Fortune: a Political Record'' (London: Hutchinson, 1980), pp. 56-7.</ref> In his capacity as a journalist he was a senior figure in the [[XYZ Club]], a clandestine organisation in the [[City of London]] dedicated to supplying Labour with financial intelligence.<ref>Jay, ''Change and Fortune'', p. 60.</ref> Alongside [[Evan Durbin]] and [[Hugh Gaitskell]], he brought the thinking of [[John Maynard Keynes]] to the Labour Party, especially in relation to price determination. In ''The Socialist Case'' (1937) he wrote: "in the case of nutrition and health, just as in the case of education, the gentleman in [[Whitehall]] really does know better what is good for people than the people know themselves". This statement was mercilessly exploited by the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] and won him long-lasting notoriety; it has often been paraphrased as "the man in Whitehall knows best". In fact, Jay was always rather sceptical of planning and bureaucracy when compared to his contemporaries; as Geoffrey Foote noted, he was often hostile to old-style corporatism and denied the "identification of planning with socialism", instead viewing Labour's creed as "being about the suppression of unearned income, not the abolition of the market economy".<ref>Geoffrey Foote, ''The Labour Party's Political Thought'' (London: Croom Helm, 1985), p. 201.</ref> Later his views somewhat changed, as he became influenced by the successful operation of [[Rationing in the United Kingdom|rationing during the war]]. |
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Jay was elected a Labour Member of Parliament for [[Battersea North (UK Parliament constituency)|Battersea North]] at a [[1946 Battersea North by-election|by-election in July 1946]].<ref name="craig1918-1949">{{cite book | last=Craig |first=F. W. S. |author-link= F. W. S. Craig |title=British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 |orig-year=1969 |edition=3rd |year=1983 |publisher= Parliamentary Research Services |location=Chichester |isbn= 0-900178-06-X |page=3}}</ref> and held the seat until the constituency was abolished at the [[1983 United Kingdom general election|1983 general election]]. After entering Westminster, he served as [[Economic Secretary to the Treasury]] from 1947 to 1950, [[Financial Secretary to the Treasury]] from 1950 to 1951 and [[President of the Board of Trade]] from 1964 until being sacked in 1967. Jay's politics during his period at the Board of Trade were characterized by a spirited fight for regional development and an aversion to currency devaluation, but it was his opposition to closer integration with Europe (see below) that prompted [[Harold Wilson]] to relieve him of his brief when they met in [[Plymouth]] – a decision which the latter, ever averse to conflict, explained was due to the need to have no ministers in the Cabinet over the age of 60.<ref>Roger Broad, ''Labour's European Dilemmas: from Bevin to Blair'' (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001), p. 84.</ref> Jay was sworn of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] in 1951.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=39396 |date=27 November 1951 |page=6235 |supp=y}}</ref> |
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Jay was always fervently opposed to the UK's entry into the [[European Communities]], and in 1970 was the first leading politician to argue that, because all three mainstream parties in Britain supported membership, only a national referendum of all electors could decide the matter.<ref>Douglas Jay, "Joining the Six – the case for a referendum", ''The Times'', 1 August 1970, p. 13.</ref> When that referendum eventually transpired [[1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum|in 1975]], he campaigned for a 'no' vote. |
Jay was always fervently opposed to the UK's entry into the [[European Communities]], and in 1970 was the first leading politician to argue that, because all three mainstream parties in Britain supported membership, only a national referendum of all electors could decide the matter.<ref>Douglas Jay, "Joining the Six – the case for a referendum", ''The Times'', 1 August 1970, p. 13.</ref> When that referendum eventually transpired [[1975 United Kingdom European Communities membership referendum|in 1975]], he campaigned for a 'no' vote. |
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Revision as of 03:03, 5 March 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2008) |
The Lord Jay | |
|---|---|
 Jay, pictured in 1949 | |
| President of the Board of Trade | |
| In office 18 October 1964 – 29 August 1967 | |
| Prime Minister | Harold Wilson |
| Preceded by | Edward Heath |
| Succeeded by | Anthony Crosland |
| Financial Secretary to the Treasury | |
| In office 23 February 1950 – 30 October 1951 | |
| Prime Minister | Clement Attlee |
| Preceded by | Glenvil Hall |
| Succeeded by | John Boyd-Carpenter |
| Economic Secretary to the Treasury | |
| In office 13 November 1947 – 23 February 1950 | |
| Prime Minister | Clement Attlee |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | John Edwards |
| Member of Parliament for Battersea North | |
| In office 26 July 1946 – 13 May 1983 | |
| Preceded by | Francis Douglas |
| Succeeded by | Constituency abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Douglas Patrick Thomas Jay 23 March 1907 |
| Died | 6 March 1996 (aged 88) |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Labour |
| Spouse(s) | Peggy Jay Mary Thomas |
| Children | 4, including Peter Jay (born 1937), Helen and Catherine Jay (born 1945)[1] |
| Alma mater | New College, Oxford |
Douglas Patrick Thomas Jay, Baron Jay, PC (23 March 1907 – 6 March 1996) was a British Labour Party politician.
Early life and education
Educated at Winchester College[2] and New College, Oxford, Jay won the Chancellor's English Essay in 1927 and gained a First in Literae Humaniores ('Greats') in 1929.[3] He was a Fellow of All Souls from 1930 to 1937. His early career was as an economics journalist, working for The Times (1929–33), The Economist (1933–37) and the Daily Herald (1937–41), then as a civil servant in the Ministry of Supply and the Board of Trade. From 1943 he was a personal assistant to Hugh Dalton.
Political career
Jay was a convinced democratic socialist from a young age, but only joined the Labour Party in the winter of 1933–34, whereupon he became a member of Paddington constituency party.[4] In his capacity as a journalist he was a senior figure in the XYZ Club, a clandestine organisation in the City of London dedicated to supplying Labour with financial intelligence.[5] Alongside Evan Durbin and Hugh Gaitskell, he brought the thinking of John Maynard Keynes to the Labour Party, especially in relation to price determination. In The Socialist Case (1937) he wrote: "in the case of nutrition and health, just as in the case of education, the gentleman in Whitehall really does know better what is good for people than the people know themselves". This statement was mercilessly exploited by the Conservatives and won him long-lasting notoriety; it has often been paraphrased as "the man in Whitehall knows best". In fact, Jay was always rather sceptical of planning and bureaucracy when compared to his contemporaries; as Geoffrey Foote noted, he was often hostile to old-style corporatism and denied the "identification of planning with socialism", instead viewing Labour's creed as "being about the suppression of unearned income, not the abolition of the market economy".[6] Later his views somewhat changed, as he became influenced by the successful operation of rationing during the war.
Jay was elected a Labour Member of Parliament for Battersea North at a by-election in July 1946.[7] and held the seat until the constituency was abolished at the 1983 general election. After entering Westminster, he served as Economic Secretary to the Treasury from 1947 to 1950, Financial Secretary to the Treasury from 1950 to 1951 and President of the Board of Trade from 1964 until being sacked in 1967. Jay's politics during his period at the Board of Trade were characterized by a spirited fight for regional development and an aversion to currency devaluation, but it was his opposition to closer integration with Europe (see below) that prompted Harold Wilson to relieve him of his brief when they met in Plymouth – a decision which the latter, ever averse to conflict, explained was due to the need to have no ministers in the Cabinet over the age of 60.[8] Jay was sworn of the Privy Council in 1951.[9]
Jay was always fervently opposed to the UK's entry into the European Communities, and in 1970 was the first leading politician to argue that, because all three mainstream parties in Britain supported membership, only a national referendum of all electors could decide the matter.[10] When that referendum eventually transpired in 1975, he campaigned for a 'no' vote.
Honours
Jay was created a life peer as Baron Jay, of Battersea in Greater London, on 8 October 1987.[11]
Family
In 1933 he married the councillor Peggy Jay; their marriage ended in divorce. Their eldest son is the economist Peter Jay, who married (and later divorced) Margaret Callaghan, daughter of James Callaghan with whom Douglas Jay had served in government. Their twin daughters, Helen and Catherine, achieved a fashionable profile in the 1960s.[12] Douglas Jay's second wife, Mary Thomas, had been one of his assistant private secretaries at the Board of Trade.
Publications
- The Socialist Case (1937)
- Who is to Pay for the War and the Peace? (1941)
- Socialism in the New Society (1962)
- After the Common Market (1968)
- Change and Fortune (1980) (autobiography)
- Sterling: A Plea for Moderation (1985)
Notes and references
- ^ "The Jay Twins".
- ^ Adrian Wooldridge (27 April 2006). Measuring the Mind: Education and Psychology in England C.1860-c.1990. Cambridge University Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-521-02618-5.
- ^ Oxford University Calendar 1932, pp. 273, 488
- ^ Douglas Jay, Change and Fortune: a Political Record (London: Hutchinson, 1980), pp. 56-7.
- ^ Jay, Change and Fortune, p. 60.
- ^ Geoffrey Foote, The Labour Party's Political Thought (London: Croom Helm, 1985), p. 201.
- ^ Craig, F. W. S. (1983) [1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. p. 3. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
- ^ Roger Broad, Labour's European Dilemmas: from Bevin to Blair (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001), p. 84.
- ^ "No. 39396". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 November 1951. p. 6235.
- ^ Douglas Jay, "Joining the Six – the case for a referendum", The Times, 1 August 1970, p. 13.
- ^ "No. 51090". The London Gazette. 13 October 1987. p. 12667.
- ^ Lesley Garner (26 March 1995). "Twin faces of a fast decade". The Independent. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
External links
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- 1907 births
- 1996 deaths
- Alumni of New College, Oxford
- British Secretaries of State
- Fellows of All Souls College, Oxford
- Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
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