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== Causes ==
== Causes ==
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP's) are enzymes that promote breakdown of the extracellular matrix. This matrix contains important nutrients and proteins like collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:44, 16 March 2024

Smoker's face describes the characteristic changes that happen to the faces of many people who smoke tobacco products.[1][2] Smoking causes damage to the skin by depleting the skin of oxygen and nutrients.[3] The general appearance is of accelerated ageing of the face, with a characteristic pattern of facial wrinkling and sallow coloration.

A summary of a study published by the National Institutes of Health found that certain facial features appeared in about 46% of continuing smokers and 8% of former smokers who had smoked a full decade while those same features were absent in a control group of non-smokers.[4]

Causes

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP's) are enzymes that promote breakdown of the extracellular matrix. This matrix contains important nutrients and proteins like collagen, elastin, and proteoglycans.

References

  1. ^ Smoker's Face: Beauty is only skin deep Archived 2012-05-03 at the Wayback Machine, UK Department of Health
  2. ^ Jane E. Brody (June 19, 1996). "Personal Health: Smoker's Face". The New York Times.
  3. ^ ASH. "How Smoking Affects the Way You Look". ASH. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  4. ^ Model D (1985). "Smoker's face: an underrated clinical sign?". Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 291 (6511): 1760–1762. doi:10.1136/bmj.291.6511.1760. PMC 1419177. PMID 3936573.