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'''Ferdinand Budicki II''' ({{IPAc-en|b|ʊ|d|'|ɪ|t|s|k|i:}}; 11 April 1871 – 25 June 1951) was a Croatian pioneer of car, bicycle and airplane culture.<ref name="death date">{{cite web|title=Značajne ličnosti – B|trans-title=Personages of note – B|url=http://www.gradskagroblja.hr/default.aspx?id=302|publisher=Zagreb City Cemetery|accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref> A resident of [[Zagreb]], Croatia, Budicki was reportedly the first to drive a car in his home city,<ref name="technical museum">{{cite web|title=Opet taj huncut Budicki|trans-title=That rascal Budicki is at it again|url=http://tehnicki-muzej.hr/hr/kalendar/opet-taj-huncut-budicki,3748.html?t=i|publisher=[[Technical Museum, Zagreb]]|accessdate=11 August 2015}}</ref> and the first to open a [[car dealership]] and [[car mechanic|repair shop]] in Croatia.<ref name="time out">{{cite web|title=Ferdinand Budicki Auto Museum|url=http://www.timeout.com/croatia/museums/ferdinand-budicki-auto-museum|work=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]|accessdate=11 August 2015|date=24 April 2014}}</ref> In April 1901, he drove from [[Vienna]], Austria to Zagreb in an 1899 [[Opel]], stirring up a commotion, as people and horses that drove carriages at the time were not used to motor vehicles, even though the car's top speed was, according to Budicki, a mere {{convert|30|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="technical museum" />
'''Ferdinand Budicki II''' ({{IPAc-en|b|ʊ|d|'|ɪ|t|s|k|i:}}; 11 April 1871 – 25 June 1951) was a Croatian pioneer of car, bicycle and airplane culture.<ref name="death date">{{cite web|title=Značajne ličnosti – B|trans-title=Personages of note – B|url=http://www.gradskagroblja.hr/default.aspx?id=302|publisher=Zagreb City Cemetery|accessdate=11 August 2015|language=hr|quote=Categorized under Lipanj ("June")}}</ref> A resident of [[Zagreb]], Croatia, Budicki was reportedly the first to drive a car in his home city,<ref name="technical museum">{{cite web|title=Opet taj huncut Budicki|trans-title=That rascal Budicki is at it again|url=http://tehnicki-muzej.hr/hr/kalendar/opet-taj-huncut-budicki,3748.html?t=i|publisher=[[Technical Museum, Zagreb]]|accessdate=11 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160806024459/http://tehnicki-muzej.hr/hr/kalendar/opet-taj-huncut-budicki,3748.html?t=i|language=hr|archive-date=6 August 2016}}</ref> and the first to open a [[car dealership]] and [[car mechanic|repair shop]] in Croatia.<ref name="time out">{{cite web|title=Ferdinand Budicki Auto Museum|url=http://www.timeout.com/croatia/museums/ferdinand-budicki-auto-museum|work=[[Time Out (magazine)|Time Out]]|accessdate=11 August 2015|orig-date=24 April 2014|date=23 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317204126/https://www.timeout.com/croatia/museums/ferdinand-budicki-auto-museum|archive-date=17 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 1901, he drove from [[Vienna]], Austria to Zagreb in an 1899 [[Opel]], stirring up a commotion, as people and horses that drove carriages at the time were not used to motor vehicles, even though the car's top speed was, according to Budicki, a mere {{convert|30|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="technical museum" />


==Early life==
==Early life==
Ferdinand Budicki was born on 11 April 1871<ref name="tech">{{cite web |title=Budicki, Ferdinand |url=https://tehnika.lzmk.hr/budicki-ferdinand-2/ |website=Croatian Technical Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography]] |access-date=5 June 2022 |language=hr |date=4 March 2019}}</ref> in Zagreb to Marija (née Panian) and Ferdinand Budicki (Sr.). His parents were renowned craftspeople.
Ferdinand Budicki was born on 11 April 1871<ref name="tech">{{cite web |title=Budicki, Ferdinand |url=https://tehnika.lzmk.hr/budicki-ferdinand-2/ |website=Croatian Technical Encyclopedia |publisher=[[Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography]] |access-date=5 June 2022 |language=hr |date=4 March 2019|archive-url=https://archive.ph/KVL1H|url-status=live|archive-date=5 June 2022}}</ref> in Zagreb to Marija (née Panian) and Ferdinand Budicki (Sr.). His parents were renowned craftspeople.


Having completed two grades of [[Realschule]], Budicki first trained for a [[locksmith]], then studied mechanics abroad. He assembled his own [[bicycle]] while living in Vienna. He subsequently used it in 1897 to travel throughout Europe and northern Africa, reportedly traversing {{convert|17323|km}}.<ref name="technical museum" /><ref name="polish newspaper">{{cite news | title=Na bicyklu po Europie | trans-title=On a bicycle across Europe| language=pl|author=<!--not stated--> | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/619448216/?clipping_id=124247385|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508161215/https://www.newspapers.com/image/619448216/?clipping_id=124247385|archive-date=8 May 2023|date=28 June 1897 | work=Dziennik Chicagoski |access-date=8 May 2023|location=Chicago, Illinois }}</ref>
Having completed two grades of [[Realschule]], Budicki first trained for a [[locksmith]], then studied mechanics abroad. He assembled his own [[bicycle]] while living in Vienna. He subsequently used it in 1897 to travel throughout Europe and northern Africa, reportedly traversing {{convert|17323|km}}.<ref name="technical museum" /><ref name="polish newspaper">{{cite news | title=Na bicyklu po Europie | trans-title=On a bicycle across Europe| language=pl|author=<!--not stated--> | url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/619448216/?clipping_id=124247385|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508161215/https://www.newspapers.com/image/619448216/?clipping_id=124247385|archive-date=8 May 2023|date=28 June 1897 | work=Dziennik Chicagoski |access-date=8 May 2023|location=Chicago, Illinois|url-status=live }}</ref>


==Family==
==Family==
He married twice, first to Josephine Axmann (1877-1965) of [[Vienna]], with whom he had five children. They divorced in 1912. In his later years he remarried, to his former maid Pepica Bocivaušek, who cared little for his sporting legacy.<ref name="facebook excerpt" />
He married twice, first to Josephine Axmann (1877-1965) of [[Vienna]], with whom he had five children. They divorced in 1912. In his later years he remarried, to his former maid Pepica Bocivaušek, who cared little for his sporting legacy.<ref name="facebook excerpt" />


Their eldest daughter Greta lived with her mother in Vienna and married Harald Svenfelt, a cavalry officer in the Swedish army and co-owner of the [[Cloetta]] Ljungsbro chocolate factory.<ref name="chocolate">{{cite web|url=https://www.cloetta.se/om-cloetta/cloetta-i-ljungsbro/|title=Cloetta i Ljungsbro|trans-title=(History of) Cloetta in Ljungsbro|language=sv|access-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407192323/https://www.cloetta.se/om-cloetta/cloetta-i-ljungsbro/|archive-date=7 April 2023 }}</ref><ref name="swedish portrait">{{cite web|url=https://portrattarkiv.se/details/YB0QHyfj0hAAAAAAAAA3Jg|title=Per Axel Harald Svenfelt on Swedish Portraits Archive|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407192703/https://portrattarkiv.se/details/YB0QHyfj0hAAAAAAAAA3Jg|access-date=7 April 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023 }}</ref> Their children include [[dressage]] athlete [[Ulla Håkansson]].<ref name="olympic">{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/11363|title=Ulla Håkansson on Olympedia|access-date=1 April 2023 }}</ref>
Their eldest daughter Greta lived with her mother in Vienna and married Harald Svenfelt, a cavalry officer in the Swedish army and co-owner of the [[Cloetta]] Ljungsbro chocolate factory.<ref name="chocolate">{{cite web|url=https://www.cloetta.se/om-cloetta/cloetta-i-ljungsbro/|title=Cloetta i Ljungsbro|trans-title=(History of) Cloetta in Ljungsbro|language=sv|access-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407192323/https://www.cloetta.se/om-cloetta/cloetta-i-ljungsbro/|archive-date=7 April 2023 }}</ref><ref name="swedish portrait">{{cite web|url=https://portrattarkiv.se/details/YB0QHyfj0hAAAAAAAAA3Jg|title=Per Axel Harald Svenfelt on Swedish Portraits Archive|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407192703/https://portrattarkiv.se/details/YB0QHyfj0hAAAAAAAAA3Jg|access-date=7 April 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|url-status=live }}</ref> Their children include [[dressage]] athlete [[Ulla Håkansson]].<ref name="olympic">{{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/11363|title=Ulla Håkansson on Olympedia|access-date=1 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317205751/https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/11363|archive-date=17 March 2024|url-status=live }}</ref>


Their surviving son, Dr. Viktor Budicki (1905-1944) was a bacteriologist, trained in the USA and served in the military in 1927 in [[Varaždin]]. In [[WWII]], he was interned in the [[Stara Gradiška concentration camp]] by the [[Ustaše]], accused of hiding foreign citizens. He died in a 1944 camp [[typhoid]] epidemic, and was honourably buried in a marked grave for his medical service to camp detainees and Ustaše alike.<ref name="car book" /><ref name="facebook excerpt" /><ref name="holocaust record">{{cite web|archive-date=1 April 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230401220515/https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/person_view.php?PersonId=7564882|title=Conflicting report of Viktor Budicki's poisoning by Ustasha on Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database|url=https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/person_view.php?PersonId=7564882}}</ref> He operated a children's hospital in the camp, and disinfected the camp's wells with the help of Julij Hrženjak.<ref name="bacteriologist">{{ cite book|title=Konclogor na Savi|language=hr|trans-title=Concentration Camp on Sava|last1=Jakovljević|first1=Ilija|year=1999 |place=Zagreb|publication-date=1999|publisher=Konzor|isbn=9789536317561|pages=100–101 }}</ref><ref name="camp record 3">{{cite web|url=https://jadovno.com/logor-asenovac-bro-v-stara-gradishka/|title=Logor Jasenovac broj V – Stara Gradiška|language=Serbian|trans-title=Jasenovac camp number V - Stara Gradiška|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407195918/https://jadovno.com/logor-asenovac-bro-v-stara-gradishka/|date=7 April 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|orig-date=9 October 2016 }}</ref><ref name="camp record 1">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrvatski-fokus.hr/2022/03/38769/|title=Zbrinjavanje i zdravstvena skrb o djeci s Kozare u prihvatilištima 1942. godine|language=hr|trans-title=Care and health care of children from Kozare in shelters in 1942|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407201328/https://www.hrvatski-fokus.hr/2022/03/38769/|date=7 April 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|orig-date=17 March 2022|website=Hrvatski Focus }}</ref><ref name="camp record 2">{{cite web|url=https://www.autograf.hr/tragedija-djece-s-kozare-istina-o-krvavoj-brutalnosti-ustasa/|title=Tragedija djece s Kozare – istina o krvavoj brutalnosti ustaša|language=hr|trans-title=The tragedy of the children from Kozara - the truth about the bloody brutality of the Ustasha|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407201804/https://www.autograf.hr/tragedija-djece-s-kozare-istina-o-krvavoj-brutalnosti-ustasa/|date=7 April 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|orig-date=10 December 2018|website=autograf.hr|first1=Ivo|last1=Goldstein }}</ref> His Austrian-American wife, Margaret Juers Budicki, settled in [[Eugene, Oregon]] and worked as a field counselor for the Lane County Juvenile Department,<ref name="eugene 1">{{cite news|author=Tom Jaques|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-eugene-guard-margaret-j-budicki-co/124252204/|title=Reid Sends Counselors Back to Jobs|date=29 February 1960|work=The Eugene Guard|location=Eugene, Oregon, USA|access-date=8 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="eugene 2">{{cite news|author=<!--not stated-->|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/statesman-journal-margaret-j-budicki-c/124252092/|title=Nine Lane Juvenile Counselors Resign|date=17 February 1960|work=Statesman Journal|location=Eugene, Oregon, USA|access-date=8 May 2023}}</ref><ref name="eugene 3">{{cite news|author=<!--not stated-->|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-eugene-guard-margaret-budicki-couns/124250195/|work=The Eugene Guard|location=Eugene, Oregon, USA|access-date=8 May 2023|date=17 February 1960|title=Resignation of Juvenile Aides On Advisory Council Agenda}}</ref> where she authored poetry in a book titled "Splinters" <ref name="splinters">{{cite book |last=Budicki |first=Margaret |date=1 January 1985 |title=Splinters |url=https://www.amazon.com/Splinters-Margaret-Budicki/dp/B0022MTC76 |location= |publisher=Crone's Own Press |page= |asin=B0022MTC76|ol=OL2650626M|edition=1st}}</ref> and contributed articles to the [[feminist]] magazine [[The Women's Press]].<ref name="feminist magazine">{{cite magazine|last=Budicki|first=Margaret|date=1980|title=Articles by Margaret J. Budicki|magazine=Women's Press|location=Eugene, Oregon, USA|jstor=community.28046954|url=https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=budicki&scope=eyJpZCI6ICIyNzk1NDAzNSIsICJwYWdlTmFtZSI6ICJXb21lbidzIFByZXNzIiwgInBhZ2VVcmwiOiAiL3NpdGUvcmV2ZWFsLWRpZ2l0YWwvaW5kZXBlbmRlbnQtdm9pY2VzL3dvbWVuc3ByZXNzLTI3OTU0MDM1LyIsICJ0eXBlIjogImNvbnRhaW5lciIsICJwb3J0YWxOYW1lIjogIlJldmVhbCBEaWdpdGFsIiwgInBvcnRhbFVybCI6ICIvc2l0ZS9yZXZlYWwtZGlnaXRhbC8ifQ%3D%3D|access-date=14 November 2023}}</ref>
Their surviving son, Dr. Viktor Budicki (1905-1944) was a bacteriologist, trained in the USA and served in the military in 1927 in [[Varaždin]]. In [[WWII]], he was interned in the [[Stara Gradiška concentration camp]] by the [[Ustaše]], accused of hiding foreign citizens. He died in a 1944 camp [[typhoid]] epidemic, and was honourably buried in a marked grave for his medical service to camp detainees and Ustaše alike.<ref name="car book" /><ref name="facebook excerpt" /><ref name="holocaust record">{{cite web|archive-date=1 April 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230401220515/https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/person_view.php?PersonId=7564882|title=Conflicting report of Viktor Budicki's poisoning by Ustasha on Holocaust Survivors and Victims Database|url=https://www.ushmm.org/online/hsv/person_view.php?PersonId=7564882|url-status=live}}</ref> He operated a children's hospital in the camp, and disinfected the camp's wells with the help of Julij Hrženjak.<ref name="bacteriologist">{{ cite book|title=Konclogor na Savi|language=hr|trans-title=Concentration Camp on Sava|last1=Jakovljević|first1=Ilija|year=1999 |place=Zagreb|publication-date=1999|publisher=Konzor|isbn=9789536317561|pages=100–101 }}</ref><ref name="camp record 3">{{cite web|url=https://jadovno.com/logor-asenovac-bro-v-stara-gradishka/|title=Logor Jasenovac broj V – Stara Gradiška|language=Serbian|trans-title=Jasenovac camp number V - Stara Gradiška|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407195918/https://jadovno.com/logor-asenovac-bro-v-stara-gradishka/|date=7 April 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|orig-date=9 October 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="camp record 1">{{cite web|url=https://www.hrvatski-fokus.hr/2022/03/38769/|title=Zbrinjavanje i zdravstvena skrb o djeci s Kozare u prihvatilištima 1942. godine|language=hr|trans-title=Care and health care of children from Kozare in shelters in 1942|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407201328/https://www.hrvatski-fokus.hr/2022/03/38769/|date=7 April 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|orig-date=17 March 2022|website=Hrvatski Focus|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="camp record 2">{{cite web|url=https://www.autograf.hr/tragedija-djece-s-kozare-istina-o-krvavoj-brutalnosti-ustasa/|title=Tragedija djece s Kozare – istina o krvavoj brutalnosti ustaša|language=hr|trans-title=The tragedy of the children from Kozara - the truth about the bloody brutality of the Ustasha|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407201804/https://www.autograf.hr/tragedija-djece-s-kozare-istina-o-krvavoj-brutalnosti-ustasa/|date=7 April 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|orig-date=10 December 2018|website=autograf.hr|first1=Ivo|last1=Goldstein|url-status=live }}</ref> His Austrian-American wife, Margaret Juers Budicki, settled in [[Eugene, Oregon]] and worked as a field counselor for the Lane County Juvenile Department,<ref name="eugene 1">{{cite news|author=Tom Jaques|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-eugene-guard-margaret-j-budicki-co/124252204/|title=Reid Sends Counselors Back to Jobs|date=29 February 1960|work=The Eugene Guard|location=Eugene, Oregon, USA|access-date=8 May 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/JoVvL|archive-date=17 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="eugene 2">{{cite news|author=<!--not stated-->|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/statesman-journal-margaret-j-budicki-c/124252092/|title=Nine Lane Juvenile Counselors Resign|date=17 February 1960|work=Statesman Journal|location=Eugene, Oregon, USA|access-date=8 May 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/VyBDx|archive-date=17 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="eugene 3">{{cite news|author=<!--not stated-->|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-eugene-guard-margaret-budicki-couns/124250195/|work=The Eugene Guard|location=Eugene, Oregon, USA|access-date=8 May 2023|date=17 February 1960|title=Resignation of Juvenile Aides On Advisory Council Agenda|archive-url=https://archive.today/2fMzG|archive-date=17 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> where she authored poetry in a book titled "Splinters" <ref name="splinters">{{cite book |last=Budicki |first=Margaret |date=1 January 1985 |title=Splinters |url=https://www.amazon.com/Splinters-Margaret-Budicki/dp/B0022MTC76 |location= |publisher=Crone's Own Press |page= |asin=B0022MTC76|ol=OL2650626M|edition=1st|archive-url=https://archive.today/SJLM2|archive-date=9 September 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> and contributed articles to the [[feminist]] magazine [[The Women's Press]].<ref name="feminist magazine">{{cite magazine|last=Budicki|first=Margaret|date=1980|title=Articles by Margaret J. Budicki|magazine=Women's Press|location=Eugene, Oregon, USA|jstor=community.28046954|url=https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=budicki&scope=eyJpZCI6ICIyNzk1NDAzNSIsICJwYWdlTmFtZSI6ICJXb21lbidzIFByZXNzIiwgInBhZ2VVcmwiOiAiL3NpdGUvcmV2ZWFsLWRpZ2l0YWwvaW5kZXBlbmRlbnQtdm9pY2VzL3dvbWVuc3ByZXNzLTI3OTU0MDM1LyIsICJ0eXBlIjogImNvbnRhaW5lciIsICJwb3J0YWxOYW1lIjogIlJldmVhbCBEaWdpdGFsIiwgInBvcnRhbFVybCI6ICIvc2l0ZS9yZXZlYWwtZGlnaXRhbC8ifQ%3D%3D|access-date=14 November 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/tcJAZ|archive-date=17 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>


Their youngest daughter Jelena married Pastor Fred Edwards, an English missionary to [[Ghana]] and teacher at the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Adventist]] school in [[Agona]], [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]].<ref name="ghana">{{cite web|url=http://www.firstghana.org/heritage|title=Historical Dateline of Adventism in Ghana|date=7 April 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407202950/http://www.firstghana.org/heritage }}</ref><ref name="fred obituary">{{cite magazine|author=<!--not stated-->|title=Obituary of Pastor Fred Edwards|date=21 June 1985|magazine=The Messenger|volume=90|number=12/13|url=https://www.andrews.edu/library/car/cardigital/Periodicals/Messenger_British_Union/1985/1985_12_13.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122004820/https://www.andrews.edu/library/car/cardigital/Periodicals/Messenger_British_Union/1985/1985_12_13.pdf|archive-date=22 November 2023}}</ref> Their three children are dentist and missionary to the [[Caribbean]] Thomas Siegfried Ferdinand Edwards (1931-2013),<ref name="sieg">{{cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Dr-Thomas-Siegfried-Ferdinand-Edwards/6000000002615255515|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230413221759/https://www.geni.com/people/Dr-Thomas-Siegfried-Ferdinand-Edwards/6000000002615255515|archive-date=13 April 2023|date=13 April 2023|orig-date=7 December 2010|title=TSF 'Sieg' Edwards autobiography on Geni.com}}</ref> youth pastor and author Ronald Valerius Edwards (1932-2022)<ref name="ron">{{cite web|url=https://adventist.uk/news/article/go/2022-10-06/death-of-ronald-valerius-edwards/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230401205300/https://adventist.uk/news/article/go/2022-10-06/death-of-ronald-valerius-edwards/|archive-date=1 April 2023|title=Obituary for Pr. Ronald V. Edwards|date=6 October 2022|first1=Jacques|last1=Venter}}</ref> and Margaret Anthony.
Their youngest daughter Jelena married Pastor Fred Edwards, an English missionary to [[Ghana]] and teacher at the [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Adventist]] school in [[Agona]], [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]].<ref name="ghana">{{cite web|url=http://www.firstghana.org/heritage|title=Historical Dateline of Adventism in Ghana|date=7 April 2023|archive-date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407202950/http://www.firstghana.org/heritage|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="fred obituary">{{cite magazine|author=<!--not stated-->|title=Obituary of Pastor Fred Edwards|date=21 June 1985|magazine=The Messenger|volume=90|number=12/13|url=https://www.andrews.edu/library/car/cardigital/Periodicals/Messenger_British_Union/1985/1985_12_13.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122004820/https://www.andrews.edu/library/car/cardigital/Periodicals/Messenger_British_Union/1985/1985_12_13.pdf|archive-date=22 November 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Their three children are dentist and missionary to the [[Caribbean]] Thomas Siegfried Ferdinand Edwards (1931-2013),<ref name="sieg">{{cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Dr-Thomas-Siegfried-Ferdinand-Edwards/6000000002615255515|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230413221759/https://www.geni.com/people/Dr-Thomas-Siegfried-Ferdinand-Edwards/6000000002615255515|archive-date=13 April 2023|date=13 April 2023|orig-date=7 December 2010|title=TSF 'Sieg' Edwards autobiography on Geni.com}}</ref> youth pastor and author Ronald Valerius Edwards (1932-2022)<ref name="ron">{{cite web|url=https://adventist.uk/news/article/go/2022-10-06/death-of-ronald-valerius-edwards/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230401205300/https://adventist.uk/news/article/go/2022-10-06/death-of-ronald-valerius-edwards/|archive-date=1 April 2023|title=Obituary for Pr. Ronald V. Edwards|date=6 October 2022|first1=Jacques|last1=Venter|url-status=live}}</ref> and Margaret Anthony.


Ferdinand speculated in family letters that the "unique" surname Budicki is a corruption of the Polish "Budiczky".
Ferdinand speculated in family letters that the "unique" surname Budicki is a corruption of the Polish "Budiczky".
Line 38: Line 38:
Whether he was the first car driver in Zagreb is disputed, as an ''[[Obzor (magazine)|Obzor]]'' article states that Count [[Marko Bombelles]] from [[Varaždin]] drove to Zagreb in a [[Benz & Cie.]] car on 17 August 1899.<ref name="technical museum 2" /><ref name="vinica famous">{{cite web|title=Znameniti Viničanci|trans-title=Famous people from Vinica|url=http://www.vinica.hr/index.php/hr/povijest/osobe|publisher=[[Vinica, Varaždin County|Municipality of Vinica]]|accessdate=12 August 2015|language=hr|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402100139/http://www.vinica.hr/index.php/hr/povijest/osobe|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="opel 111 years">{{cite web|title=111 godina Opela u Hrvatskoj|trans-title=111 years of Opel in Croatia|url=http://www.opel.hr/content/dam/Opel/Europe/croatia/nscwebsite/hr/02_Offers_Services/01_CurrentOffers/01_VehiclesOffers_Promotion/2012/04/Opel_2_150y.pdf|publisher=[[Opel]]|accessdate=13 August 2015|language=hr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103257/http://www.opel.hr/content/dam/Opel/Europe/croatia/nscwebsite/hr/02_Offers_Services/01_CurrentOffers/01_VehiclesOffers_Promotion/2012/04/Opel_2_150y.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Whether he was the first car driver in Zagreb is disputed, as an ''[[Obzor (magazine)|Obzor]]'' article states that Count [[Marko Bombelles]] from [[Varaždin]] drove to Zagreb in a [[Benz & Cie.]] car on 17 August 1899.<ref name="technical museum 2" /><ref name="vinica famous">{{cite web|title=Znameniti Viničanci|trans-title=Famous people from Vinica|url=http://www.vinica.hr/index.php/hr/povijest/osobe|publisher=[[Vinica, Varaždin County|Municipality of Vinica]]|accessdate=12 August 2015|language=hr|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402100139/http://www.vinica.hr/index.php/hr/povijest/osobe|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="opel 111 years">{{cite web|title=111 godina Opela u Hrvatskoj|trans-title=111 years of Opel in Croatia|url=http://www.opel.hr/content/dam/Opel/Europe/croatia/nscwebsite/hr/02_Offers_Services/01_CurrentOffers/01_VehiclesOffers_Promotion/2012/04/Opel_2_150y.pdf|publisher=[[Opel]]|accessdate=13 August 2015|language=hr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103257/http://www.opel.hr/content/dam/Opel/Europe/croatia/nscwebsite/hr/02_Offers_Services/01_CurrentOffers/01_VehiclesOffers_Promotion/2012/04/Opel_2_150y.pdf|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>


On 28 August 1901, Budicki received his [[driving licence]] in Vienna.<ref name="technical museum" /> In 1904, he started giving driving lessons.<ref name="tech" /> In 1910 Zagreb started to issue its own driving licences. Budicki's license was not recognised, so he took a driving examination on 27 July 1910 and received the licence with serial number 1.<ref name="technical museum" /> However, as none of the examination committee members knew how to drive, Budicki had to teach them before the examination.<ref name="events & performances">{{cite journal|editor1-last=Leko|editor1-first=Petra|title=Zagreb kroz stoljeća|trans-title=Zagreb through the centuries|journal=Program priredaba [Events & Performances]|issue=July/August 2015|page=8|publisher=Zagreb Tourist Board|location=Zagreb, Croatia|language=hr|issn=1333-6584}}</ref> He subsequently opened Zagreb's first driving school.<ref name="tech" /> Budicki was also the first to receive a [[traffic ticket]] for speeding on 6 June 1901 in Mavrova Street (today [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk|Masaryk]] Street).<ref name="technical museum 2">{{cite web|title=Dolazak prvog automobila u Zagreb|trans-title=Arrival of the first automobile in Zagreb|url=http://www.tehnicki-muzej.hr/hr/kalendar/dolazak-prvog-automobila-u-zagreb,110.html?t=p|publisher=[[Technical Museum, Zagreb]]|accessdate=12 August 2015}}</ref> In 1905 he flew a [[hot air balloon]] from Zagreb to nearby [[Gornja Stubica]] and [[Mraclin]], taking the first [[aerial photos]] of Zagreb,<ref name="aerial photo">{{cite web|url=https://www.otk-ferdinandbudicki.hr/index.php/item/download/4_5e7ad4d0848411cf1a1d46185d91ca33|title=ROADS OF FERDINAND BUDICKI (Zagreb sightseeing tour)|date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419164456/https://www.otk-ferdinandbudicki.hr/index.php/item/download/4_5e7ad4d0848411cf1a1d46185d91ca33|archive-date=19 April 2022 }}</ref> while the next year he completed a successful flight from Zagreb to the Adriatic island of [[Krk]].<ref name="tech" />
On 28 August 1901, Budicki received his [[driving licence]] in Vienna.<ref name="technical museum" /> In 1904, he started giving driving lessons.<ref name="tech" /> In 1910 Zagreb started to issue its own driving licences. Budicki's license was not recognised, so he took a driving examination on 27 July 1910 and received the licence with serial number 1.<ref name="technical museum" /> However, as none of the examination committee members knew how to drive, Budicki had to teach them before the examination.<ref name="events & performances">{{cite journal|editor1-last=Leko|editor1-first=Petra|title=Zagreb kroz stoljeća|trans-title=Zagreb through the centuries|journal=Program priredaba [Events & Performances]|issue=July/August 2015|page=8|publisher=Zagreb Tourist Board|location=Zagreb, Croatia|language=hr|issn=1333-6584}}</ref> He subsequently opened Zagreb's first driving school.<ref name="tech" /> Budicki was also the first to receive a [[traffic ticket]] for speeding on 6 June 1901 in Mavrova Street (today [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk|Masaryk]] Street).<ref name="technical museum 2">{{cite web|title=Dolazak prvog automobila u Zagreb|trans-title=Arrival of the first automobile in Zagreb|url=http://www.tehnicki-muzej.hr/hr/kalendar/dolazak-prvog-automobila-u-zagreb,110.html?t=p|publisher=[[Technical Museum, Zagreb]]|accessdate=12 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305212726/http://www.tehnicki-muzej.hr/hr/kalendar/dolazak-prvog-automobila-u-zagreb,110.html?t=p|archive-date=5 March 2016|language=hr}}</ref> In 1905 he flew a [[hot air balloon]] from Zagreb to nearby [[Gornja Stubica]] and [[Mraclin]], taking the first [[aerial photos]] of Zagreb,<ref name="aerial photo">{{cite web|url=https://www.otk-ferdinandbudicki.hr/index.php/item/download/4_5e7ad4d0848411cf1a1d46185d91ca33|title=ROADS OF FERDINAND BUDICKI (Zagreb sightseeing tour)|date=7 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419164456/https://www.otk-ferdinandbudicki.hr/index.php/item/download/4_5e7ad4d0848411cf1a1d46185d91ca33|archive-date=19 April 2022 }}</ref> while the next year he completed a successful flight from Zagreb to the Adriatic island of [[Krk]].<ref name="tech" />


Budicki entered the business of new vehicles by opening a bicycle and sewing machine shop called ''K touristu'' ("At the Tourist's") at 24 Mavrova Street in 1899. In the early 1900s, the shop began selling cars and motorcycles as well.<ref name="technical museum" /> On 1 June 1906, Budicki founded the first Croatian Automobile Society, which opened with 14 members.<ref name="technical museum 2" /> From 1910 to 1928 he was the general distributor for [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] in the [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]]. In 1929, he started a [[taxicab]] company and a [[bus]] line from Zagreb to [[Sv. Ivan Zelina]]. Later that year he had to exit the automobile business due to the [[stock market crash of 1929]], retaining only a car repair shop.<ref name="technical museum" />
Budicki entered the business of new vehicles by opening a bicycle and sewing machine shop called ''K touristu'' ("At the Tourist's") at 24 Mavrova Street in 1899. In the early 1900s, the shop began selling cars and motorcycles as well.<ref name="technical museum" /> On 1 June 1906, Budicki founded the first Croatian Automobile Society, which opened with 14 members.<ref name="technical museum 2" /> From 1910 to 1928 he was the general distributor for [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] in the [[Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia]]. In 1929, he started a [[taxicab]] company and a [[bus]] line from Zagreb to [[Sv. Ivan Zelina]]. Later that year he had to exit the automobile business due to the [[stock market crash of 1929]], retaining only a car repair shop.<ref name="technical museum" />
Line 46: Line 46:


==Legacy==
==Legacy==
On 4 July 2013, the [[Ferdinand Budicki Automobile Museum]] was opened in Zagreb, honouring Budicki's pioneering legacy in its name.<ref name="museum opening">{{cite web|title=Muzej automobila Ferdinand Budicki|trans-title=Ferdinand Budicki Automobile Museum|url=http://vijesti.hrt.hr/215133/muzej-automobila-ferdinand-budicki|publisher=[[Croatian Radiotelevision]]|accessdate=12 August 2015|language=hr|date=3 July 2013|archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125151255/https://vijesti.hrt.hr/215133/muzej-automobila-ferdinand-budicki|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2018 the museum moved to Westgate Shopping City, [[Zaprešić]],<ref name="new location">{{cite web|url=https://www.inyourpocket.com/zagreb/ferdinand-budicki-automobile-museum_168064v|date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230408163317/https://www.inyourpocket.com/zagreb/ferdinand-budicki-automobile-museum_168064v|archive-date=8 April 2023|title=Ferdinand Budicki Automobile Museum (In Your Pocket: Essential City Guides)}}</ref> due to a lack of public funding and disagreements between mayor [[Milan Bandić]] and manager Valentino Valjak.<ref name="museum closed 1">{{cite web|url=https://www.zagreb.info/aktualno/zg/foto-grad-i-drzava-okrenuli-im-leda-zatvara-se-muzej-automobila-ferdinand-budicki/170460/|title=(FOTO) Grad i država okrenuli im leđa: Zatvara se Muzej automobila Ferdinand Budicki - Zagreb.info|language=hr|trans-title=(PHOTO) City and state turn their backs on them: Ferdinand Budicki Car Museum closes - Zagreb.info|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402010310/https://www.zagreb.info/aktualno/zg/foto-grad-i-drzava-okrenuli-im-leda-zatvara-se-muzej-automobila-ferdinand-budicki/170460/|archive-date=2 April 2023}}</ref><ref name="museum closed 2">{{cite web|url=https://www.total-croatia-news.com/zagreb-blog/24571-ferdinand-budicki-automobile-museum-in-zagreb-closing-down-at-the-end-of-february|title=Ferdinand Budicki Automobile Museum in Zagreb Closing Down at the End of February?|first1=Iva|last1=Tatić|date=18 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402010639/https://www.total-croatia-news.com/zagreb-blog/24571-ferdinand-budicki-automobile-museum-in-zagreb-closing-down-at-the-end-of-february|archive-date=2 April 2023}}</ref> The {{ill|Varaždin City Museum|hr|Gradski muzej Varaždin}} hosts Budicki's cycling medals.<ref name="tech" />
On 4 July 2013, the [[Ferdinand Budicki Automobile Museum]] was opened in Zagreb, honouring Budicki's pioneering legacy in its name.<ref name="museum opening">{{cite web|title=Muzej automobila Ferdinand Budicki|trans-title=Ferdinand Budicki Automobile Museum|url=http://vijesti.hrt.hr/215133/muzej-automobila-ferdinand-budicki|publisher=[[Croatian Radiotelevision]]|accessdate=12 August 2015|language=hr|date=3 July 2013|archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125151255/https://vijesti.hrt.hr/215133/muzej-automobila-ferdinand-budicki|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2018 the museum moved to Westgate Shopping City, [[Zaprešić]],<ref name="new location">{{cite web|url=https://www.inyourpocket.com/zagreb/ferdinand-budicki-automobile-museum_168064v|date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230408163317/https://www.inyourpocket.com/zagreb/ferdinand-budicki-automobile-museum_168064v|archive-date=8 April 2023|title=Ferdinand Budicki Automobile Museum (In Your Pocket: Essential City Guides)}}</ref> due to a lack of public funding and disagreements between mayor [[Milan Bandić]] and manager Valentino Valjak.<ref name="museum closed 1">{{cite web|url=https://www.zagreb.info/aktualno/zg/foto-grad-i-drzava-okrenuli-im-leda-zatvara-se-muzej-automobila-ferdinand-budicki/170460/|title=(FOTO) Grad i država okrenuli im leđa: Zatvara se Muzej automobila Ferdinand Budicki - Zagreb.info|language=hr|trans-title=(PHOTO) City and state turn their backs on them: Ferdinand Budicki Car Museum closes - Zagreb.info|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402010310/https://www.zagreb.info/aktualno/zg/foto-grad-i-drzava-okrenuli-im-leda-zatvara-se-muzej-automobila-ferdinand-budicki/170460/|archive-date=2 April 2023|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="museum closed 2">{{cite web|url=https://www.total-croatia-news.com/zagreb-blog/24571-ferdinand-budicki-automobile-museum-in-zagreb-closing-down-at-the-end-of-february|title=Ferdinand Budicki Automobile Museum in Zagreb Closing Down at the End of February?|first1=Iva|last1=Tatić|date=18 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402010639/https://www.total-croatia-news.com/zagreb-blog/24571-ferdinand-budicki-automobile-museum-in-zagreb-closing-down-at-the-end-of-february|archive-date=2 April 2023}}</ref> The {{ill|Varaždin City Museum|hr|Gradski muzej Varaždin}} hosts Budicki's cycling medals.<ref name="tech" />

{{Quote box
|text="Later on, I didn't realise till quite recently that he [Ferdinand Budicki] was an engineer. That's interesting, something that has to be very precise, and that's the kind of man I believe he was. I met him once - it was the first time we could visit Zagreb after the war - that was, I think, 1947, I'd be about 14 then..."
|author=Pr. Ronald V. Edwards
|title=Interview with Valentino Valjak
|source=''Documentary film BEŠTE LJUDI - IDE AUTO'' (2019)
|align=right
|width=50%
}}

Valjak has written extensively about Budicki in his book ''BEŠTE LJUDI - IDE AUTO (Povijest automobilizma u Hrvatskoj 1898. -1945.) [RUN PEOPLE - A CAR IS COMING (A history of motoring in Croatia 1898-1945)''. A documentary film by the same name has also been produced in Croatian, with an English interview of grandson Ronald V. Edwards.<ref name="documentary">{{cite AV media|id=O6cDxxdbe_w|title=Dokumentarni film BEŠTE LJUDI - IDE AUTO & Povijest automoblizma u Hrvatskoj 1898. -1945.|trans-title=Documentary film BEŠTE LJUDI - IDE AUTO & History of motoring in Croatia 1898 - 1945.|date=30 September 2019|language=hr|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O6cDxxdbe_w|access-date=17 March 2024|people= Valjak, Valentino (director); Edwards, Ronald Valerius (grandson of Ferdinand Budicki, interviewee)|location=Zagreb, Croatia|type=YouTube documentary|archive-url=https://archive.today/gzn2q|archive-date=17 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>


In Zagreb, there is a Ferdinand Budicki Street in the neighbourhood of [[Staglišće]].<ref name="gmaps">{{Google maps|url=https://goo.gl/maps/HbEZCB6TTZBrz3kb7|title=
In Zagreb, there is a Ferdinand Budicki Street in the neighbourhood of [[Staglišće]].<ref name="gmaps">{{Google maps|url=https://goo.gl/maps/HbEZCB6TTZBrz3kb7|title=
Ulica Ferdinanda Budickog, 10110, Zagreb, Croatia|access-date=8 April 2023 }}</ref><ref name="hrmaps">{{cite map|url=https://www.auto-karta-hrvatske.com/zagreb/ulica-ferdinanda-budickog/|title=Ulica Ferdinanda Budickog, 10110, Zagreb, Croatia|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230408160918/https://www.auto-karta-hrvatske.com/zagreb/ulica-ferdinanda-budickog/|archive-date=8 April 2023 }}</ref>
Ulica Ferdinanda Budickog, 10110, Zagreb, Croatia|access-date=8 April 2023|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="hrmaps">{{cite map|url=https://www.auto-karta-hrvatske.com/zagreb/ulica-ferdinanda-budickog/|title=Ulica Ferdinanda Budickog, 10110, Zagreb, Croatia|access-date=8 April 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230408160918/https://www.auto-karta-hrvatske.com/zagreb/ulica-ferdinanda-budickog/|archive-date=8 April 2023|url-status=live }}</ref>


Budicki is also remembered as the founder of [[Zagreb Fair]] and {{Interlanguage link|Croatian Sports Alliance|hr|3=Hrvatski športski savez}}.<ref name=autoiq>{{cite journal|last1=Hrženjak|first1=Dolores|title=Ferdin duh oživio među oldtimerima|trans-title=Ferdo's spirit revived by the oldtimers|journal=AutoIQ|date=12 February 2013|issue=20|page=17|url=http://issuu.com/autoiq/docs/autoiqmagazin20|accessdate=12 August 2015|publisher=BIBIP Zagreb|location=Zagreb|language=hr|issn=1848-5820}}</ref>
Budicki is also remembered as the founder of [[Zagreb Fair]] and {{Interlanguage link|Croatian Sports Alliance|hr|3=Hrvatski športski savez}}.<ref name=autoiq>{{cite journal|last1=Hrženjak|first1=Dolores|title=Ferdin duh oživio među oldtimerima|trans-title=Ferdo's spirit revived by the oldtimers|journal=AutoIQ|date=12 February 2013|issue=20|pages=17, 16-19|url=http://issuu.com/autoiq/docs/autoiqmagazin20|accessdate=12 August 2015|publisher=BIBIP Zagreb|location=Zagreb|language=hr|issn=1848-5820|archive-url=https://archive.org/details/auto-iq-magazin-20.-broj.-20130212|archive-date=17 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>


His descendants live in the [[United Kingdom]], United States,
His descendants live in the [[United Kingdom]], United States,
[[Sweden]], [[Croatia]], and [[Spain]].<ref name="family tree">{{cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Ferdinand-Budicki/6000000002623547773|date=1 April 2023|title=Family tree on Geni.com}}</ref>
[[Sweden]], [[Croatia]], and [[Spain]].<ref name="family tree">{{cite web|url=https://www.geni.com/people/Ferdinand-Budicki/6000000002623547773|date=1 April 2023|title=Family tree on Geni.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317220703/https://www.geni.com/people/Ferdinand-Budicki-II/6000000193334477960|archive-date=17 March 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 23:15, 17 March 2024

Ferdinand Budicki II
Budicki, c. 1940
Born(1871-04-11)11 April 1871
Zagreb, Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
Died25 June 1951(1951-06-25) (aged 80)
Zagreb, Yugoslavia
NationalityCroatian
Known forPioneering motorsports in Croatia

Ferdinand Budicki II (/bʊdˈɪtskiː/; 11 April 1871 – 25 June 1951) was a Croatian pioneer of car, bicycle and airplane culture.[1] A resident of Zagreb, Croatia, Budicki was reportedly the first to drive a car in his home city,[2] and the first to open a car dealership and repair shop in Croatia.[3] In April 1901, he drove from Vienna, Austria to Zagreb in an 1899 Opel, stirring up a commotion, as people and horses that drove carriages at the time were not used to motor vehicles, even though the car's top speed was, according to Budicki, a mere 30 km/h (19 mph).[2]

Early life

Ferdinand Budicki was born on 11 April 1871[4] in Zagreb to Marija (née Panian) and Ferdinand Budicki (Sr.). His parents were renowned craftspeople.

Having completed two grades of Realschule, Budicki first trained for a locksmith, then studied mechanics abroad. He assembled his own bicycle while living in Vienna. He subsequently used it in 1897 to travel throughout Europe and northern Africa, reportedly traversing 17,323 kilometres (10,764 mi).[2][5]

Family

He married twice, first to Josephine Axmann (1877-1965) of Vienna, with whom he had five children. They divorced in 1912. In his later years he remarried, to his former maid Pepica Bocivaušek, who cared little for his sporting legacy.[6]

Their eldest daughter Greta lived with her mother in Vienna and married Harald Svenfelt, a cavalry officer in the Swedish army and co-owner of the Cloetta Ljungsbro chocolate factory.[7][8] Their children include dressage athlete Ulla Håkansson.[9]

Their surviving son, Dr. Viktor Budicki (1905-1944) was a bacteriologist, trained in the USA and served in the military in 1927 in Varaždin. In WWII, he was interned in the Stara Gradiška concentration camp by the Ustaše, accused of hiding foreign citizens. He died in a 1944 camp typhoid epidemic, and was honourably buried in a marked grave for his medical service to camp detainees and Ustaše alike.[10][6][11] He operated a children's hospital in the camp, and disinfected the camp's wells with the help of Julij Hrženjak.[12][13][14][15] His Austrian-American wife, Margaret Juers Budicki, settled in Eugene, Oregon and worked as a field counselor for the Lane County Juvenile Department,[16][17][18] where she authored poetry in a book titled "Splinters" [19] and contributed articles to the feminist magazine The Women's Press.[20]

Their youngest daughter Jelena married Pastor Fred Edwards, an English missionary to Ghana and teacher at the Adventist school in Agona, Ashanti.[21][22] Their three children are dentist and missionary to the Caribbean Thomas Siegfried Ferdinand Edwards (1931-2013),[23] youth pastor and author Ronald Valerius Edwards (1932-2022)[24] and Margaret Anthony.

Ferdinand speculated in family letters that the "unique" surname Budicki is a corruption of the Polish "Budiczky".

Career

In 1901, Budicki purchased a used car from Opel & Beyschlag [de] in Vienna for 4,000 Austro-Hungarian crowns. The car had single-cylinder 3.5 horsepower (2.6 kW) motor and could reach a speed of 20 km/h (12 mph). Its fuel consumption was 10 L/100 km (28 mpg‑imp; 24 mpg‑US).[4] Budicki was taught how to drive by Otto Beyschlag and received extra training in the form of observing an electric tram driver at work.[25] He subsequently drove the car from Vienna to Zagreb. The following year, he travelled the same route on a Laurin & Klement motorcycle. This took him 13 hours and 45 minutes; his progress was reported live at Zagreb's Ban Jelačić Square.[4]

Whether he was the first car driver in Zagreb is disputed, as an Obzor article states that Count Marko Bombelles from Varaždin drove to Zagreb in a Benz & Cie. car on 17 August 1899.[25][26][27]

On 28 August 1901, Budicki received his driving licence in Vienna.[2] In 1904, he started giving driving lessons.[4] In 1910 Zagreb started to issue its own driving licences. Budicki's license was not recognised, so he took a driving examination on 27 July 1910 and received the licence with serial number 1.[2] However, as none of the examination committee members knew how to drive, Budicki had to teach them before the examination.[28] He subsequently opened Zagreb's first driving school.[4] Budicki was also the first to receive a traffic ticket for speeding on 6 June 1901 in Mavrova Street (today Masaryk Street).[25] In 1905 he flew a hot air balloon from Zagreb to nearby Gornja Stubica and Mraclin, taking the first aerial photos of Zagreb,[29] while the next year he completed a successful flight from Zagreb to the Adriatic island of Krk.[4]

Budicki entered the business of new vehicles by opening a bicycle and sewing machine shop called K touristu ("At the Tourist's") at 24 Mavrova Street in 1899. In the early 1900s, the shop began selling cars and motorcycles as well.[2] On 1 June 1906, Budicki founded the first Croatian Automobile Society, which opened with 14 members.[25] From 1910 to 1928 he was the general distributor for Ford in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. In 1929, he started a taxicab company and a bus line from Zagreb to Sv. Ivan Zelina. Later that year he had to exit the automobile business due to the stock market crash of 1929, retaining only a car repair shop.[2]

Death

Budicki died in Zagreb on 25 June 1951 at the age of 80.[4][1] He was buried in Mirogoj Cemetery, Zagreb, but his remains were transferred to the 12th Mirogoj Cemetery ossuary due to lack of upkeep.[10][6]

Legacy

On 4 July 2013, the Ferdinand Budicki Automobile Museum was opened in Zagreb, honouring Budicki's pioneering legacy in its name.[30] In 2018 the museum moved to Westgate Shopping City, Zaprešić,[31] due to a lack of public funding and disagreements between mayor Milan Bandić and manager Valentino Valjak.[32][33] The Varaždin City Museum [hr] hosts Budicki's cycling medals.[4]

Interview with Valentino Valjak

"Later on, I didn't realise till quite recently that he [Ferdinand Budicki] was an engineer. That's interesting, something that has to be very precise, and that's the kind of man I believe he was. I met him once - it was the first time we could visit Zagreb after the war - that was, I think, 1947, I'd be about 14 then..."

Pr. Ronald V. Edwards, Documentary film BEŠTE LJUDI - IDE AUTO (2019)

Valjak has written extensively about Budicki in his book BEŠTE LJUDI - IDE AUTO (Povijest automobilizma u Hrvatskoj 1898. -1945.) [RUN PEOPLE - A CAR IS COMING (A history of motoring in Croatia 1898-1945). A documentary film by the same name has also been produced in Croatian, with an English interview of grandson Ronald V. Edwards.[34]

In Zagreb, there is a Ferdinand Budicki Street in the neighbourhood of Staglišće.[35][36]

Budicki is also remembered as the founder of Zagreb Fair and Croatian Sports Alliance [hr].[37]

His descendants live in the United Kingdom, United States, Sweden, Croatia, and Spain.[38]

References

  1. ^ a b "Značajne ličnosti – B" [Personages of note – B] (in Croatian). Zagreb City Cemetery. Retrieved 11 August 2015. Categorized under Lipanj ("June")
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Opet taj huncut Budicki" [That rascal Budicki is at it again] (in Croatian). Technical Museum, Zagreb. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  3. ^ "Ferdinand Budicki Auto Museum". Time Out. 23 February 2018 [24 April 2014]. Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Budicki, Ferdinand". Croatian Technical Encyclopedia (in Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. 4 March 2019. Archived from the original on 5 June 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2022.
  5. ^ "Na bicyklu po Europie" [On a bicycle across Europe]. Dziennik Chicagoski (in Polish). Chicago, Illinois. 28 June 1897. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
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Further reading

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