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The '''purple-throated euphonia''' ('''''Euphonia chlorotica''''') is a [[songbird]] [[species]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Fringillidae]]. It was formerly placed in the [[Thraupidae]].
The '''purple-throated euphonia''' ('''''Euphonia chlorotica''''') is a [[songbird]] [[species]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Fringillidae]]. It was formerly placed in the [[Thraupidae]].


It is found in [[Argentina]], [[Bolivia]], [[Brazil]], [[Colombia]], [[Ecuador]], [[French Guiana]], [[Guyana]], [[Paraguay]], [[Peru]], [[Suriname]], [[Uruguay]], and [[Venezuela]].
It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, [[French Guiana]], Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela.


Its natural [[habitat]]s are subtropical or tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s and heavily degraded former forest.
Its natural [[habitat]]s are subtropical or tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s and heavily degraded former forest.


In 1760 the French zoologist [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson]] included a description of the purple-throated euphonia in his ''Ornithologie'' based on a specimen collected in [[Cayenne]], [[French Guiana]]. He used the French name ''Le tangara noir et jaune de Cayenne'' and the Latin ''Tangara Cayanensis Nigrolutea''.<ref name=brisson>{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés | volume=3 | language=French, Latin | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche | pages=34–35, Plate 2 fig 3 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35952983 }} The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.</ref> Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial system]] and are not recognised by the [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]].<ref name=allen>{{cite journal |last=Allen | first=J.A. | author-link=Joel Asaph Allen | year=1910 | title=Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=28 | pages=317–335 | hdl=2246/678 }}</ref> When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist [[Carl Linnaeus]] updated his ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' for the [[12th edition of Systema Naturae|twelfth edition]], he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson.<ref name=allen/> One of these was the purple-throated euphonia. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the [[binomial name]] ''Tanagra chlorotica'' and cited Brisson's work.<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | page=317 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946513 }}</ref> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''chlorotica'' is from the [[Ancient Greek]] ''khlōrotēs'' "greenness".<ref name=hbwkey>{{cite web | last=Jobling | first=J.A. | year=2018 | title= Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/definition/chlorotica-chloroticus | access-date=1 May 2018 }}</ref> This species is now placed in the [[genus]] ''[[Euphonia]]'' that was introduced by the French zoologist [[Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest]] in 1806.<ref>{{cite book | last=Desmarest | first=Anselme Gaëtan | year=1806 | title=Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers | place=Paris | publisher=Garnery | language=French |page=35 and plate 27 (pages and plates are not numbered) | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40241826}}</ref> There are five [[subspecies]].<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Finches, euphonias, longspurs, Thrush-tanager | work=World Bird List Version 8.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/finches/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=2 April 2018 }}</ref>
In 1760 the French zoologist [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson]] included a description of the purple-throated euphonia in his ''Ornithologie'' based on a specimen collected in [[Cayenne]], French Guiana. He used the French name ''Le tangara noir et jaune de Cayenne'' and the Latin ''Tangara Cayanensis Nigrolutea''.<ref name=brisson>{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés | volume=3 | language=French, Latin | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche | pages=34–35, Plate 2 fig 3 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35952983 }} The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.</ref> Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the [[binomial nomenclature|binomial system]] and are not recognised by the [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]].<ref name=allen>{{cite journal |last=Allen | first=J.A. | author-link=Joel Asaph Allen | year=1910 | title=Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=28 | pages=317–335 | hdl=2246/678 }}</ref> When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist [[Carl Linnaeus]] updated his ''[[Systema Naturae]]'' for the [[12th edition of Systema Naturae|twelfth edition]], he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson.<ref name=allen/> One of these was the purple-throated euphonia. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the [[binomial name]] ''Tanagra chlorotica'' and cited Brisson's work.<ref>{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | author-link=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | page=317 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946513 }}</ref> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''chlorotica'' is from the [[Ancient Greek]] ''khlōrotēs'' "greenness".<ref name=hbwkey>{{cite web | last=Jobling | first=J.A. | year=2018 | title= Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/definition/chlorotica-chloroticus | access-date=1 May 2018 }}</ref> This species is now placed in the [[genus]] ''[[Euphonia]]'' that was introduced by the French zoologist [[Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest]] in 1806.<ref>{{cite book | last=Desmarest | first=Anselme Gaëtan | year=1806 | title=Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers | place=Paris | publisher=Garnery | language=French |page=35 and plate 27 (pages and plates are not numbered) | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40241826}}</ref> There are five [[subspecies]].<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Finches, euphonias, longspurs, Thrush-tanager | work=World Bird List Version 8.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/finches/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=2 April 2018 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 00:58, 20 March 2024

Purple-throated euphonia
Male in Brazil
Female in Brazil
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Fringillidae
Subfamily: Euphoniinae
Genus: Euphonia
Species:
E. chlorotica
Binomial name
Euphonia chlorotica
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Synonyms

Tanagra chlorotica Linnaeus, 1766

The purple-throated euphonia (Euphonia chlorotica) is a songbird species in the family Fringillidae. It was formerly placed in the Thraupidae.

It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela.

Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and heavily degraded former forest.

In 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the purple-throated euphonia in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected in Cayenne, French Guiana. He used the French name Le tangara noir et jaune de Cayenne and the Latin Tangara Cayanensis Nigrolutea.[2] Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.[3] When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson.[3] One of these was the purple-throated euphonia. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the binomial name Tanagra chlorotica and cited Brisson's work.[4] The specific name chlorotica is from the Ancient Greek khlōrotēs "greenness".[5] This species is now placed in the genus Euphonia that was introduced by the French zoologist Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1806.[6] There are five subspecies.[7]

References

  1. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Euphonia chlorotica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22722706A132017181. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22722706A132017181.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Vol. 3. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. pp. 34–35, Plate 2 fig 3. The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen.
  3. ^ a b Allen, J.A. (1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 28: 317–335. hdl:2246/678.
  4. ^ Linnaeus, Carl (1766). Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis (in Latin). Vol. 1, Part 1 (12th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 317.
  5. ^ Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  6. ^ Desmarest, Anselme Gaëtan (1806). Histoire naturelle des tangaras, des manakins et des todiers (in French). Paris: Garnery. p. 35 and plate 27 (pages and plates are not numbered).
  7. ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2018). "Finches, euphonias, longspurs, Thrush-tanager". World Bird List Version 8.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 2 April 2018.

Media related to Euphonia chlorotica at Wikimedia Commons


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