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Toribio Alfonso de Mogrovejo was born on 16 November 1538 in the [[Valladolid (province)|Valladolid]] province of [[Habsburg Spain]], to the nobles Luis Alfonso de Mogrovejo (1510–1568) and Ana de Roblès i Morán (1515–???); his sister was Grimanese de Mogrovejo i Robledo (1545–1635). He was named after [[Turibius of Astorga]].<ref name=CM/> |
Toribio Alfonso de Mogrovejo was born on 16 November 1538 in the [[Valladolid (province)|Valladolid]] province of [[Habsburg Spain]], to the nobles Luis Alfonso de Mogrovejo (1510–1568) and Ana de Roblès i Morán (1515–???); his sister was Grimanese de Mogrovejo i Robledo (1545–1635). He was named after [[Turibius of Astorga]].<ref name=CM/> |
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He was noted as a pious child with a strong devotion to the [[Blessed Virgin]]. He fasted once a week in her |
He was noted as a pious child with a strong devotion to the [[Blessed Virgin]]. He fasted once a week in her honour and recited [[rosaries]] often.<ref name=TA/> He received an education befitting a noble at the time; he entered [[University of Valladolid|the college]] at Valladolid in 1550 where he studied humanities.<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=CM/> |
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He became a professor teaching |
He became a professor teaching Law to students at the [[University of Salamanca|reputed college]] in [[Salamanca]]. His uncle Juan de Mogrovejo served as a professor there as well as at the San Salvador High School in [[Oviedo]], before [[John III of Portugal|King Juan III]] invited him to teach at [[University of Coimbra|the college]] in [[Coimbra]]. Turibius accompanied his uncle there, and studied at the college in Coimbra before returning to Salamanca sometime later. His uncle died not long afterwards<ref name=SEB/>. In February 1571 Turibius’ learning and virtuous reputation encouraged [[Philip II of Spain|King Philip II]] to appoint him Grand Inquisitor on the [[Inquisition|Inquisition Court]] stationed at [[Granada]]<ref name=SQPN/><ref name=TA/>. |
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===Episcopate=== |
===Episcopate=== |
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During this time Philip II nominated him for the vacant Lima archbishopric, despite his strong protests. |
During this time Philip II nominated him for the vacant Lima archbishopric, despite his strong protests. Knowledge of canon law caused him to remind the king and the pope that priests alone could be delegated ecclesial dignities, but the pope prevailed.<ref name=CM/> Preparations were made for him to be [[ordained]] before the formal announcement<ref name=TA/>. He was [[ordained]] to the [[priesthood]] in 1578 in Granada (after four weeks’ successively ascending the [[minor orders]]). On 16 May 1579, [[Pope Gregory XIII]] named him [[Archbishop of Lima]]; he was [[episcopal consecration|consecrated]] in August 1580 by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Seville|Archbishop of Seville]], [[Cristóbal Rojas Sandoval]].<ref name=SEB/> |
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The new archbishop arrived in [[Paita]] on 12 May 1581 which was 600 miles – or 970 kilometers – from Lima. He began his new mission travelling to Lima on foot while he [[baptized]] and taught the natives. He was enthroned in his new [[Holy See|see]] a week later.<ref name=SEB/><ref name=SQPN/> His favorite topic was: "Time is not our own and we must give a strict account of it". He traversed his entire archdiocese three times on foot and alone, exposed to tempests and torrents as well as the wild beasts and tropical heat. He also had to deal with [[fever]]s, and often with threats from hostile tribes. He countered these, all the while baptizing and confirming almost one half million people, including [[Rose of Lima]], [[Martin de Porres]], [[Francis Solano]] (who later became a close friend), and [[John Macias|Juan Masías]], all of whom would be [[canonization|canonized]].<ref name=SQPN/> |
The new archbishop arrived in [[Paita]] on 12 May 1581 which was 600 miles – or 970 kilometers – from Lima. He began his new mission travelling to Lima on foot while he [[baptized]] and taught the natives. He was enthroned in his new [[Holy See|see]] a week later.<ref name=SEB/><ref name=SQPN/> His favorite topic was: "Time is not our own and we must give a strict account of it". He traversed his entire archdiocese three times on foot and alone, exposed to tempests and torrents as well as the wild beasts and tropical heat. He also had to deal with [[fever]]s, and often with threats from hostile tribes. He countered these, all the while baptizing and confirming almost one half million people, including [[Rose of Lima]], [[Martin de Porres]], [[Francis Solano]] (who later became a close friend), and [[John Macias|Juan Masías]], all of whom would be [[canonization|canonized]].<ref name=SQPN/> |
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Revision as of 10:40, 23 March 2024
Toribio Alfonso de Mogrovejo | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop of Lima | |
 | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Archdiocese | Lima |
| See | Lima |
| Appointed | 16 May 1579 |
| Installed | 24 May 1581 |
| Term ended | 23 March 1606 |
| Predecessor | Diego Gómez de Lamadrid |
| Successor | Bartolomé Lobo Guerrero |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 1578 |
| Consecration | 23 August 1580 by Cristóbal Rojas Sandoval |
| Rank | Bishop |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Toribio Alfonso de Mogrovejo 16 November 1538 |
| Died | 23 March 1606 (aged 67) Saña, Viceroyalty of Peru, Spanish Empire |
| Alma mater | |
| Sainthood | |
| Feast day |
|
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Beatified | 2 July 1679 Rome, Papal States by Pope Innocent XI |
| Canonized | 10 December 1726 Rome, Papal States by Pope Benedict XIII |
| Attributes | Episcopal attire |
| Patronage |
|
Ordination history of Turibius of Mogrovejo | |||||||||||||||||||
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Toribio Alfonso de Mogrovejo (16 November 1538 – 23 March 1606) was a Spanish Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Lima from 1579 until his death[1].
He first studied in the humanities and law before serving as a professor and later as the Grand Inquisitor at the behest of King Philip II. His piety and learning had reached the ears of the king who appointed him to that position, which was considered unusual since he had had no previous government or judicial experience.[1][2] His noted work for the Inquisition earned him praise from the king who nominated him for the vacant Lima archdiocese. The pope confirmed this, despite Turibius' protests.[3]
Mogrovejo was ordained to the priesthood in 1578, and consecrated as an archbishop in 1580, before setting off for Peru to begin his mission. He was a noted and charismatic preacher who set about baptising and catechising the indigenous people. He confirmed almost half a million people; these included Rose of Lima and Martin de Porres.[1][2]
A staunch advocate for archdiocesan reform, Turibius set to work correcting the priests of his diocese. He led them away from various impure practices and scandals, while instituting new educational procedures for seminaries.[3][4]
After his death, his reputation for holiness and learning lived on, leading to calls for his canonisation. Pope Innocent XI beatified the late archbishop, and Pope Benedict XIII canonised him as a saint on 10 December 1726.[1][3]
Life
Education
Toribio Alfonso de Mogrovejo was born on 16 November 1538 in the Valladolid province of Habsburg Spain, to the nobles Luis Alfonso de Mogrovejo (1510–1568) and Ana de Roblès i Morán (1515–???); his sister was Grimanese de Mogrovejo i Robledo (1545–1635). He was named after Turibius of Astorga.[4]
He was noted as a pious child with a strong devotion to the Blessed Virgin. He fasted once a week in her honour and recited rosaries often.[2] He received an education befitting a noble at the time; he entered the college at Valladolid in 1550 where he studied humanities.[1][4]
He became a professor teaching Law to students at the reputed college in Salamanca. His uncle Juan de Mogrovejo served as a professor there as well as at the San Salvador High School in Oviedo, before King Juan III invited him to teach at the college in Coimbra. Turibius accompanied his uncle there, and studied at the college in Coimbra before returning to Salamanca sometime later. His uncle died not long afterwards[3]. In February 1571 Turibius’ learning and virtuous reputation encouraged King Philip II to appoint him Grand Inquisitor on the Inquisition Court stationed at Granada[1][2].
Episcopate
During this time Philip II nominated him for the vacant Lima archbishopric, despite his strong protests. Knowledge of canon law caused him to remind the king and the pope that priests alone could be delegated ecclesial dignities, but the pope prevailed.[4] Preparations were made for him to be ordained before the formal announcement[2]. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1578 in Granada (after four weeks’ successively ascending the minor orders). On 16 May 1579, Pope Gregory XIII named him Archbishop of Lima; he was consecrated in August 1580 by the Archbishop of Seville, Cristóbal Rojas Sandoval.[3]
The new archbishop arrived in Paita on 12 May 1581 which was 600 miles – or 970 kilometers – from Lima. He began his new mission travelling to Lima on foot while he baptized and taught the natives. He was enthroned in his new see a week later.[3][1] His favorite topic was: "Time is not our own and we must give a strict account of it". He traversed his entire archdiocese three times on foot and alone, exposed to tempests and torrents as well as the wild beasts and tropical heat. He also had to deal with fevers, and often with threats from hostile tribes. He countered these, all the while baptizing and confirming almost one half million people, including Rose of Lima, Martin de Porres, Francis Solano (who later became a close friend), and Juan Masías, all of whom would be canonized.[1]
He built roads and schoolhouses as well as chapels and hospitals, and established convents for them to live in. In 1591 he founded the first seminary in the Western Hemisphere and mandated that learning indigenous languages was a prerequisite in their formation.[4][1] He inaugurated the first part of the third Lima Cathedral on 2 February 1604. He also assembled thirteen diocesan synods and three provincial councils during his tenure. He was seen as a champion of the rights of the natives against the Spanish masters. He learnt the local dialects and was seen as a champion for rights and liberties, in challenge to the Peruvian governors' power and control.[citation needed]
Mogrovejo sought the reformation of diocesan priests and found that some of their behavior had grown too scandalous to be continued. There were those priests who came to resent him for this, though Francisco de Toledo supported his reform efforts and rendered him assistance.[2] At the request of Philip II he also oversaw the Third Provincial Council from 1582 to 1583. He served as the council's president, guiding rather than leading it.[citation needed]
Mogrovejo also worked to implement the decrees from the Council of Trent and made evangelization a core theme in his episcopal career.[4] He produced a trilingual catechism in Spanish/Quechuan/Aymara in 1584, implementing Trent's call for preaching in indigenous languages.[1][2] He endorsed the council's decree which prescribed excommunication of clerics who engaged in business ventures, since these often exploited natives for work and profit. Pope Sixtus V in 1588 confirmed the acts of the Third Council of Lima which implemented Trent's decrees. Many dioceses in South America adopted these acts from Lima.[citation needed]
Mogrovejo held two more provincial councils in 1591 and in 1601. Mogrovejo made three pastoral visitations that were all extensive in time. He visited each parish and would first inspect all objects for divine worship (to be in good condition) before talking to the parish priest about the life of the parish. He would then check the parish registers and also see if the priest had the missal that Pope Pius V had mandated over a decade prior.[4]
Death
He predicted the exact date and hour of his death. It was in Pacasmayo during a pastoral visit that he contracted a fever but continued labouring to the last and arrived at Zaña in a critical condition.[1] He dragged himself to receive the Viaticum and died not long after this on 23 March 1606 (Holy Thursday) at 3:30 pm at the Saint Augustine convent. His final words were those of Jesus Christ on the Cross: "Lord, into Thy hands I commend my spirit".[2][3] His remains are interred in the archdiocesan cathedral.
Sainthood
His beatification was celebrated under Pope Innocent XI in 1679 (ratified in the papal bull "Laudeamus"), and Pope Benedict XIII canonized him as a saint on 10 December 1726 through the papal bull "Quoniam Spiritus".[1] His liturgical feast was once celebrated on 27 April but is now celebrated on 23 March. His cult was once confined for the most part to South America but is now more widespread because of his pioneering reforms. Pope John Paul II proclaimed him the patron saint for the Latin American episcopate in 1983.[3]
See also
- List of Catholic saints
- Mogrovejo
- Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lima
- Saint Turibius of Mogrovejo, patron saint archive
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Saint Turibius of Mogroveio". Saints SQPN. 28 July 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira. "St. Toribio de Mogrovejo, March 23". Tradition in Action. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "San Turibio de Mogrovejo". Santi e Beati. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g Sladky, Joseph F.X. (21 August 2014). "St. Toribio de Mogrovejo: Apostle of Peru". Crisis Magazine.
External links
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Toribio Alfonso Mogrovejo". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.- Catholic Hierarchy [self-published]
- Lives of the Saints
- Catholic Online
- Short biography at MSN Encarta (in Spanish)
- American Catholic
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Toribio Alfonso Mogrovejo". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- 1538 births
- 1606 deaths
- 16th-century Christian saints
- 16th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Peru
- 17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Peru
- 16th-century venerated Christians
- 17th-century Christian saints
- 17th-century Spanish clergy
- 17th-century venerated Christians
- Roman Catholic archbishops of Lima
- Bishops appointed by Pope Gregory XIII
- Colonial Peru
- Spanish Roman Catholic bishops in South America
- Spanish Roman Catholic saints
- University of Coimbra alumni
- University of Salamanca alumni
- Academic staff of the University of Salamanca
- University of Valladolid alumni
- Venerated Catholics
- 16th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Peru
- Canonizations by Pope Benedict XIII
- Beatifications by Pope Innocent XI