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Although many or even most of the editors and writers had been [[Socialism|socialists]], [[Trotskyism|Trotskyites]], or [[Stalinism|Stalinists]] in the past, that was no longer tolerated. ''Commentary'' articles were anti-[[Communism|Communist]] and also anti-[[McCarthyism|McCarthyite]]; it identified and attacked any perceived weakness among liberals on [[Cold War]] issues, backing President [[Harry Truman]]'s policies such as the [[Truman Doctrine]], the [[Marshall Plan]], and [[NATO]]. The "soft-on-Communism" position of the [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]] (CIO) and [[Henry A. Wallace]] came under steady attack.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} Liberals who hated [[Joseph McCarthy]] were annoyed when Irving Kristol wrote at the height of the controversy that "there is one thing that the American people know about Senator McCarthy: he, like them, is unequivocally anti-Communist. About the spokesmen for American liberalism, they feel they know no such thing."<ref>{{cite book |first=Richard H.|last=Pells|date=1989|title=The liberal mind in a conservative age: American intellectuals in the 1940s|page=296|publisher=Wesleyan University Press}}</ref>
Although many or even most of the editors and writers had been [[Socialism|socialists]], [[Trotskyism|Trotskyites]], or [[Stalinism|Stalinists]] in the past, that was no longer tolerated. ''Commentary'' articles were anti-[[Communism|Communist]] and also anti-[[McCarthyism|McCarthyite]]; it identified and attacked any perceived weakness among liberals on [[Cold War]] issues, backing President [[Harry Truman]]'s policies such as the [[Truman Doctrine]], the [[Marshall Plan]], and [[NATO]]. The "soft-on-Communism" position of the [[Congress of Industrial Organizations]] (CIO) and [[Henry A. Wallace]] came under steady attack.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} Liberals who hated [[Joseph McCarthy]] were annoyed when Irving Kristol wrote at the height of the controversy that "there is one thing that the American people know about Senator McCarthy: he, like them, is unequivocally anti-Communist. About the spokesmen for American liberalism, they feel they know no such thing."<ref>{{cite book |first=Richard H.|last=Pells|date=1989|title=The liberal mind in a conservative age: American intellectuals in the 1940s|page=296|publisher=Wesleyan University Press}}</ref>


In the late 1950s, the magazine sagged, as Cohen suffered from [[mental disorder|mental illness]] and committed [[suicide]].
In the late 1950s, the magazine quality sagged, as Cohen suffered from [[mental disorder|mental illness]] and committed [[suicide]].


===Late 20th century===
===Late 20th century===

Revision as of 15:12, 4 April 2024

Commentary
Cover of November 2021 issue
EditorJohn Podhoretz
Frequency11 issues / year (monthly, but with a combined July–August issue)
Circulation26,000 (2017)[1]
First issue1945; 79 years ago (1945)
CompanyCommentary Inc.
CountryUnited States
Based inNew York City, New York, U.S.
LanguageEnglish
Websitecommentary.org
ISSN0010-2601
OCLC488561243

Commentary is a monthly American magazine on religion, Judaism, and politics, as well as social and cultural issues. Founded by the American Jewish Committee in 1945 under Elliot E. Cohen, editor from 1945 to 1959, Commentary magazine developed into the leading post-World War II journal of Jewish affairs. The periodical strove to construct a new American Jewish identity while processing the events of the Holocaust, the formation of the State of Israel, and the Cold War. Norman Podhoretz edited the magazine from 1960 to 1995.

Besides its coverage of cultural issues, Commentary provided a voice for the anti-Stalinist left. As Podhoretz shifted from his original ideological beliefs as a liberal Democrat to neoconservatism in the 1970s and 1980s, he moved the magazine with him to the right and toward the Republican Party.[2]

History

Founding

Commentary was the successor to the Contemporary Jewish Record, which was published by the American Jewish Committee (AJC) and ran from 1938 to 1945.[3]

Post-WWII

When the Record's editor[who?] died in 1944, the AJC consulted with New York City intellectuals including Daniel Bell and Lionel Trilling, who recommended that AJC hire Elliot Cohen, who had been the editor of a Jewish cultural magazine and was then a fundraiser, to start a new journal. Cohen designed Commentary to reconnect assimilated Jews and Jewish intellectuals with the broader, more traditional, and very liberal Jewish community.[citation needed]

At the same time, the magazine was designed to bring ideas of the young Jewish New York intellectuals to a wider audience. It demonstrated that Jewish intellectuals, and by extension all American Jews, had turned away from their past political radicalism to embrace mainstream U.S. culture and values. Cohen stated his grand design in the first issue:[4]

With Europe devastated, there falls upon us here in the United States a far greater share of the responsibility for carrying forward, in a creative way, our common Jewish cultural and spiritual heritage...to harmonize heritage and country into a true sense of at-home-ness.

Although many or even most of the editors and writers had been socialists, Trotskyites, or Stalinists in the past, that was no longer tolerated. Commentary articles were anti-Communist and also anti-McCarthyite; it identified and attacked any perceived weakness among liberals on Cold War issues, backing President Harry Truman's policies such as the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO. The "soft-on-Communism" position of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and Henry A. Wallace came under steady attack.[citation needed] Liberals who hated Joseph McCarthy were annoyed when Irving Kristol wrote at the height of the controversy that "there is one thing that the American people know about Senator McCarthy: he, like them, is unequivocally anti-Communist. About the spokesmen for American liberalism, they feel they know no such thing."[5]

In the late 1950s, the magazine quality sagged, as Cohen suffered from mental illness and committed suicide.

Late 20th century

A protégé of Lionel Trilling, Norman Podhoretz took over in 1960, running the magazine with an iron hand until his retirement in 1995.[6]

As Podhoretz put it, Commentary was to lead the Jewish intellectuals "out of the desert of alienation...and into the promised land of democratic, pluralistic, and prosperous America".[4] Cohen brought on board strong editors who themselves wrote important essays, including Irving Kristol; art critic Clement Greenberg; film and cultural critic Robert Warshow; and sociologist Nathan Glazer. Commentary published such rising stars as Hannah Arendt, Daniel Bell, Sidney Hook, and Irving Howe.[7]

The emergence of the New Left, which was bitterly hostile to Johnson, to capitalism and to universities, angered Podhoretz for what he perceived as its shallowness and hostility to Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. Articles attacked the New Left on questions ranging from crime, the nature of art, drugs, poverty, to the new egalitarianism; Commentary said that the New Left was a dangerous anti-American, anti-liberal, and anti-Semitic force. Daniel Patrick Moynihan used Commentary to attack the Watts riots and liberals who defended it as a just revolution.[8]

Recent years

The magazine ended its affiliation with AJC in 2007, when Commentary, Inc., an independent 501(c)(3) non-profit enterprise, took over as publisher.[9]

In 2011, the journal donated its archives from 1945 to 1995 to the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin. These included letters and essay revisions.[10][11]

Commentary has been referred to in several Woody Allen films. In Annie Hall (1977), Allen (as character Alvy Singer) makes a pun by saying that he heard that Dissent and Commentary had merged to form "Dysentery." In Bananas (1971), as an old lady is threatened on a subway car, Allen hides his face by holding up an issue of Commentary. This image is featured at the New York Transit Museum in Brooklyn Heights. In Crimes and Misdemeanors, an issue of Commentary lies on a character's bedside table.

In his sitcom Anything but Love, stand-up comedian Richard Lewis was often shown holding or reading a copy of Commentary.

Reception and influence

American-Israeli journalist Benjamin Balint and former editor at Commentary described the magazine as the "contentious magazine that transformed the Jewish left into the neoconservative right".[12][13] Historian and literary critic Richard Pells said that "no other journal of the past half century has been so consistently influential, or so central to the major debates that have transformed the political and intellectual life of the United States."[14]

Notes

  1. ^ Frank, T.A. (January 25, 2018). "Why conservative magazines are more important than ever". Washington Post. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  2. ^ Abrams, Nathan (2009). "Introduction". Norman Podhoretz and Commentary magazine: the rise and fall of the neocons. Continuum.
  3. ^ Abraham Moses Klein (2011). The Letters: The Letters. University of Toronto Press. p. 356. ISBN 978-1-4426-4107-5.
  4. ^ a b Ehrman, John (June 1, 1999) "Commentary, the Public Interest, and the Problem of Jewish Conservatism", American Jewish History
  5. ^ Pells, Richard H. (1989). The liberal mind in a conservative age: American intellectuals in the 1940s. Wesleyan University Press. p. 296.
  6. ^ Thomas L. Jeffers, Norman Podhoretz: A Biography (2010) pp. 20, 62, 129, 145
  7. ^ Yair Rosenberg (June 6, 2014). "Commentary Opens its Archives". Tablet Magazine. Retrieved February 15, 2019.
  8. ^ Sam Tanenhaus (September 1, 2009). The Death of Conservatism. Random House Publishing Group. p. 72. ISBN 9781588369482. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
  9. ^ "Commentary, American Jewish Committee Separate". The New York Sun.
  10. ^ Cohen, Patricia (September 19, 2011). "Commentary Magazine Archive Given to University of Texas". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011.
  11. ^ See announcement Archived August 23, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Balint, Benjamin (2010). Running Commentary: The Contentious Magazine That Transformed the Jewish Left Into the Neoconservative Right. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1586487492.
  13. ^ Patricia Cohen (June 11, 2010). "Commentary Is All About Commentary These Days". The New York Times. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
  14. ^ Quoted from Murray Friedman (ed.): Commentary in American Life, Philadelphia 2005, p.1, Temple University Press.

References

  • Podhoretz, Norman. Breaking Ranks (1979), memoir
  • Nathan Glazer, Thomas L. Jeffers, Richard Gid Powers, Fred Siegel, Terry Teachout, Ruth R. Wisse et al. in Commentary in American Life, ed. Murray Friedman. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2005

Bibliography

  • Balint, Benjamin. Running Commentary: The Contentious Magazine That Transformed the Jewish Left Into the Neoconservative Right (PublicAffairs; 2010) 290 pages
  • Ehrman, John. "Commentary, the Public Interest, and the Problem of Jewish Conservatism", American Jewish History 87.2&3 (1999) 159–181. online in Project MUSE, scholarly article by conservative historian
  • Franczak, Michael. "Losing the Battle, Winning the War: Neoconservatives versus the New International Economic Order, 1974–82," Diplomatic History, Volume 43, Issue 5, November 2019, Pages 867–889, Losing the Battle, Winning the War: Neoconservatives versus the New International Economic Order, 1974–82.
  • Jeffers, Thomas L. Norman Podhoretz: A Biography (Cambridge University Press, 2010)

Further reading

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