Yoshiko Uchida

Yoshiko Uchida
Born	(1921-11-24)November 24, 1921 Alameda, California, US
Died	June 21, 1992(1992-06-21) (aged 70) Berkeley, California, US
Occupation	Writer
Genre	fiction, folktales, nonfiction, autobiography
Literary movement	Folk Art Movement
Notable works	The Invisible Thread
Relatives	Michiko Kakutani (niece)

Yoshiko Uchida (November 24, 1921 – June 21, 1992) was an Japanese American writer of children's books based on aspects of Japanese and Japanese-American history and culture. A series of books, starting with Journey to Topaz (1971) take place during the era of the mass removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during WWII. She also authored an adult memoir centering on her and her family's wartime internment (Desert Exile, 1982), a young adult version her life story (Invisible Thread, 1991), and a novel centering on a Japanese American family (Picture Bride, 1987).

Early life

Yoshiko Uchida was born in Alameda, California, on November 24, 1921. She was the daughter of Takashi ("Dwight," 1884-1971), a business man and Iku Umegaki Uchida (1893-1966) who both immigrated from Japan. She had an older sister, Keiko ("Kay," 1918-2008, mother of former New York Times book critic Michiko Kakutani and married to mathematician Shizuo Kakutani).

She attended Longfellow School in Berkeley and University High School in Oakland. She graduated from high school in 2 1/2 years and enrolled at University of California, Berkeley. In 1942, Uchida graduated from U.C. Berkeley with a B.A. in English, philosophy, and history.

Internment

Yoshiko was in her senior year at U.C. Berkeley when the Japanese attacked the naval base at Pearl Harbor in 1941. Soon after, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered all Japanese Americans on the west coast to be rounded up and imprisoned in internment camps. Uchida's father was questioned by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the whole family was interned for three years, first at Tanforan Racetrack in California, and then in Topaz, Utah. In the camps, Yoshiko taught school and had the chance to view the injustices that the Americans were perpetrating and the varying reactions of Japanese Americans towards their ill-treatment.

In 1943 Uchida was accepted to graduate school at Smith College in Massachusetts, and allowed to leave the camp, but her years there left a deep impression. Her 1971 novel, Journey to Topaz, is fiction, but closely follows her own experiences, and many of her other books deal with issues of ethnicity, citizenship, identity, and cross-cultural relationships.

Career

Yoshiko's career began her career in Philadelphia after accepting a teaching job. Soon after, she moved to New York where she worked as a secretary as well as began her writing career. She began submitting her work with no result. her first publication came in 1949 with the The Dancing Kettle and Other Japanese Folk Tales. This is where she began to gain traction in her writing career as she published many more children's books. Through these publications, she was known for creating Japanese American children's literature, as there had never been published works for Asian literature prior. Yoshiko became widely known for her 1982 autobiography Desert Exile examining her experiences of her and her families internment.

She is also known for her children's novels, having been praised as "almost single-handedly creating a body of Japanese American literature for children, where none existed before." In addition to Journey to Topaz, many of her other novels including Picture Bride, A Jar of Dreams, and The Bracelet deal with Japanese American impressions of major historical events including World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II, and the racism endured by Japanese Americans during these years.

I try to stress the positive aspects of life that I want children to value and cherish. I hope they can be caring human beings who don't think in terms of labels—foreigners or Asians or whatever—but think of people as human beings. If that comes across, then I've accomplished my purpose.

Over the course of her career, Uchida published more than thirty books, including non-fiction for adults, and fiction for children and teenagers. She died in 1992.

Work on Japanese folk pottery

In 1952, Uchida received a Ford Foundation Fellowship to study the folk pottery movement in Japan. She spent two years researching and becoming acquainted with major figures in that artistic current, including Shoji Hamada and Kanjiro Kawai. Uchida wrote a book with Kawai, We Do Not Work Alone: The Thoughts of Kanjiro Kawai. She collected several pots by Hamada and Kawai that she later donated to the Asian Art Museum in San Francisco.

Awards

• Ford Foundation Fellowship
• Commonwealth club of California Medals in 1972 for Samurai of Gold Hill and A Jar of Dreams in 1982
• Child Study Association of America Children's Book of the Year in 1985 for The Happiest Ending

Bibliography

This is a partial list of Uchida's published work. Yoshiko Uchida wrote 34 books.

• The Dancing Kettle and Other Japanese Folk Tales (1949)
• New Friends for Susan (1951)
• The Magic Listening Cap: More Folk Tales from Japan (1955)
• The Full Circle (1957)
• Takao and Grandfather's Sword (1958)
• The Promised Year (1959)
• Mik and the Prowler (1960)
• Rokubei and the Thousand Rice Bowls (1962)
• The Forever Christmas Tree (1963)
• Sumi's Prize (1964)
• The Sea of Gold, and Other Tales from Japan (1965)
• In-Between Miya (1967)
• Hisako's Mysteries (1969)
• Sumi and the Goat and the Tokyo Express (1969)
• Makoto, The Smallest Boy (1970)
• Journey to Topaz: A Story of the Japanese American Evacuation (1971)
• Samurai of Gold Hill (1972)
• The Birthday Visitor (1975)
• The Rooster who Understood Japanese (1976)
• The Bracelet (1976)
• Journey Home (1978) (originally published as a short story)
• Jar of Dreams (1981)
• Desert Exile: The Uprooting of a Japanese-American Family (Autobiography) (1982)
• The Best Bad Thing (1983)
• The Happiest Ending (1985)
• Picture Bride (1987)
• Two Foolish Cats (1987)
• The Terrible Leak (1990)
• The Big Book for Peace (1990) (Illustrated by Allen Say)
• Invisible Thread: An Autobiography (1991)
• The Magic Purse (1993)
• The Wise Old Woman (1994)

External links

• Yoshiko Uchida papers and photographs (some materials available online) at The Bancroft Library
• Guide to the Yoshiko Uchida papers at the University of Oregon