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===Chemicals & Materials===
===Chemicals & Materials===
In the Chemicals & Materials segment, OMV is one of the world’s leading providers of advanced and circular polyolefin solutions and a European market leader in base chemicals and plastics recycling. The Company supplies services and products to customers around the globe through OMV and Borealis and its two joint ventures: Borouge (with ADNOC, based in the UAE and Singapore) and Baystar (with TotalEnergies, based in the United States). The segment comprises the production of base chemicals integrated with OMV operated refineries in Austria and Germany, the Borealis business of base chemicals and polyolefins, and the joint ventures.
In the Chemicals & Materials segment, OMV is one of the world’s leading providers of advanced and circular polyolefin solutions and a European market leader in base chemicals and plastics recycling. The Company supplies services and products to customers around the globe through OMV and Borealis and its two joint ventures: Borouge (with ADNOC, based in the UAE and Singapore) and Baystar (with TotalEnergies, based in the United States). The segment comprises the production of base chemicals integrated with OMV operated refineries in Austria and Germany, the Borealis business of base chemicals and polyolefins, and the joint ventures.<ref>[https://www.omv.com/services/downloads/00/omv.com/1522240797805/omv-factbook-2022.pdf OMV Factbook 22, pp. 39 | Retrieved on April 09, 2024]</ref>
⚫
<ref>[https://www.omv.com/services/downloads/00/omv.com/1522240797805/omv-factbook-2022.pdf OMV Factbook 22, pp. 39 | Retrieved on April 09, 2024]</ref>


===Fuels & Feedstock===
===Fuels & Feedstock===
The Fuels & Feedstock business segment refines crude oil and other feedstocks. Its activities include Refining, Supply and Trading, Commercial and Retail. OMV owns a total refining capacity of around 500 kbbl/d, with three wholly owned refineries in Europe and a 15% share in ADNOC Refining & ADNOC Global Trading. In Europe, refining activities are highly integrated with marketing to serve a strong branded retail network and a broad base of commercial customers. Total fuels and other sales volumes in Europe amounted to 16.29 mn t in 2023. The strongly branded retail network comprising 1,666 filling stations accounts for around 35% of sales volumes, while commercial customers are mainly from industrial transportation and construction sectors and account for the remaining sales volumes. <ref>[https://www.omv.com/services/downloads/00/omv.com/1522240797805/omv-factbook-2022.pdf OMV Factbook 22, pp. 57 | Retrieved on April 09, 2024]</ref>
The Fuels & Feedstock business segment refines crude oil and other feedstocks. Its activities include Refining, Supply and Trading, Commercial and Retail. OMV owns a total refining capacity of around 500 kbbl/d, with three wholly owned refineries in Europe and a 15% share in ADNOC Refining & ADNOC Global Trading. In Europe, refining activities are highly integrated with marketing to serve a strong branded retail network and a broad base of commercial customers. Total fuels and other sales volumes in Europe amounted to 16.29 mn t in 2023. The strongly branded retail network comprising 1,666 filling stations accounts for around 35% of sales volumes, while commercial customers are mainly from industrial transportation and construction sectors and account for the remaining sales volumes.<ref>[https://www.omv.com/services/downloads/00/omv.com/1522240797805/omv-factbook-2022.pdf OMV Factbook 22, pp. 57 | Retrieved on April 09, 2024]</ref>


===Energy===
===Energy===
The Energy segment consists of Exploration & Production, Gas Marketing & Power, and the Low Carbon Business. Its E&P activities include exploration & appraisal, development, and production of crude oil, natural gas liquids, and natural gas.
With its Energy segment, OMV Exploration & Production explores, develops, and produces oil and gas in the four core regions of Central and Eastern Europe, Africa, the North Sea and Asia-Pacific, and markets natural gas in eight European countries. Its activities also include low carbon business as well as the entire gas business. In 2022, OMV embarked on the path of its new Strategy 2030 toward a circular business model and was also entrusted with tasks related to securing Austria’s supply in light of market developments. Despite the impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on production and supply, OMV made great progress in identifying options for portfolio optimization and developing its Low Carbon.<ref>[https://www.omv.com/services/downloads/00/omv.com/1522240797805/omv-factbook-2022.pdf OMV Factbook 22, pp. 67 | Retrieved on August 18, 2023]</ref>
Energy operates its natural gas business across the value chain, from the wellhead to the end customer, with a fully integrated natural gas sales and logistics business. It also includes power business activities and a gas-fired power plant in Romania.
⚫
Energy plays a key role in developing the sustainable resources for the future. The Low Carbon Business concentrates on geothermal energy, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), and renewable power solutions.<ref>[https://www.omv.com/services/downloads/00/omv.com/1522240797805/omv-factbook-2022.pdf OMV Factbook 22, pp. 67-81 | Retrieved on April 09, 2024]</ref>


==Controversies==
==Controversies==

Revision as of 11:29, 9 April 2024

For other uses, see OMV (disambiguation).
OMV Aktiengesellschaft
FormerlyÖsterreichische Mineralölverwaltung Aktiengesellschaft (1956–1995)
Company typeAktiengesellschaft
WBAG: OMV
ISINAT0000743059 Edit this on Wikidata
IndustryOil, gas, petrochemistry and recycling
Founded1956; 68 years ago (1956)
HeadquartersVienna, Austria
Key people
Alfred Stern (CEO)
ProductsOil and gas exploration and production, natural gas trading and transportation, oil refining, petrochemicals, circular polyolefin solutions, plastics recycling
ServicesFuel stations
Revenue€39.463 billion[1] (2023)
€5.226 billion (2023)
€1.917 billion (2023)
Total assets€50.663 billion (2023)
OwnerGovernment of Austria 31.5% Mubadala Petroleum and Petrochemicals Holding Company (MPPH) 24.9%
Number of employees
20,592 (2023)
WebsiteOMV.com

OMV (formerly abbreviation for Österreichische Mineralölverwaltung Aktiengesellschaft (Template:Lang-en)) is an Austrian multinational integrated oil, gas and petrochemical company which is headquartered in Vienna, Austria. The company is listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange. In the 2021 Forbes Global 2000, OMV Group was ranked as the 413th -largest public company in the world.[2]

It is active in the oil and gas upstream and downstream businesses as well as in petrochemicals and plastics recycling.[3]

History

The OMV head office in the Hoch Zwei skyscraper in Vienna

The history of OMV began on July 3, 1956, when the company then known as "Österreichische Mineralölverwaltungs Aktiengesellschaft" was officially entered into the commercial register.[4] Consequently, the Soviet Mineral Oil Administration (Sowjetische Mineralölverwaltung, SMV), a corporation formed during the Soviet zone of occupation in post-war Austria became "Österreichische Mineralölverwaltungs Aktiengesellschaft".

Four years later, in 1960, the company opened the Schwechat refinery near Vienna,[5] in 1968 the first natural gas supply contract with the former USSR were entered.[6] At the end of 1987, 15% of OMV was privatized, making it the first public listing of a state-owned company in Austria.[5] In 1990 the company opened its first filling station in Vienna on 26 June.[7] In 1998, OMV acquired a 25% stake in the plastics group, Borealis.

The International Petroleum Investment Company (IPIC) of Abu Dhabi acquired an initial 19.6% interest in the group at the end of 1994. The following year, the group changed its name from "ÖMV" to "OMV" because the umlaut on the "Ö" is not commonly used in many languages.

In the early 2000s, OMV expanded into Eastern Europe, by acquiring around 10% of Hungarian oil company, MOL and in 2003 it acquired the upstream division of Germany's Preussag Energie, expanding its filling station networks.

OMV oil refinery in Schwechat (near Vienna)

In 2004, OMV became the market leader in Central and Eastern Europe following the acquisition of 51% of Romanian oil and gas group Petrom which then constituted the largest acquisition in OMV's history. In the same year, OMV increased its share capital, meaning that more than 50% of the company's shares were in free float for the first time. Following the sale of 50% of the subsidiary company Agrolinz Melamine International GmbH to IPIC in 2005, the Borealis group was taken over in full together with IPIC.

In 2006, OMV acquired a 34% stake in a Turkish oil company Petrol Ofisi. In the same year, the board members of OMV and Verbund, the Austrian utility group announced plans for a merger. However, this collapsed due to resistance from Austrian MPs.

OMV increased its stake in Hungarian oil group MOL to 20.2% in 2007. OMV then sold its entire stake in March 2009 after MOL rejected a takeover bid in 2008 and the European Commission imposed tough restrictions for an approval of the deal. In late 2011, OMV acquired the stake held by Dogan Holding in Petrol Ofisi, which further increased its stake in the company to 95.75%.

In 2012, the Domino-1 well in the Romanian Black Sea exploration license Neptun was the most significant discovery in that year, which has the potential to be OMV's most important gas discovery ever.[8]

On October 31, 2013, the acquisition deal with Norwegian Statoil containing participations in oil and gas fields and in development projects in Norway and the UK was closed. With 2.65 bn USD, this then was the largest transaction in OMV's history.[9]

A divestment agreement for the 45% stake in Bayernoil was signed in December 2013. The sale was closed in June 2014.[10]

In 2015 OMV increased its interest in Petrol Ofisi to 100%,.[11] Two years later, in 2017, OMV sold Petrol Ofisi to Vitol Group[12]

In 2017, OMV – together with ENGIE, Shell, Uniper and Wintershall – signed financing agreements with Nord Stream 2 AG to build the 1,200 km Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline from Russia to Germany. In September 2018, OMV became the only Austrian company listed on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index.[13]

In January 2019, OMV took a stake of 50% in the joint venture "SapuraOMV Upstream Sdn. Bhd.", a leading oil and gas company in Malaysia.[14]

In January 2019, OMV signed an agreement to acquire a 15% stake in ADNOC Refining (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company) in Abu Dhabi.[15]

In March 2020, OMV increased its holding in Borealis to 75%, thereby transforming OMV from a pure oil and gas company into a gas, oil and chemicals group. At the end of 2020, OMV started up Austria's then largest photovoltaic plant with 11.4 MWp in Schönkirchen (Lower Austria).[16][17]

On May 31, 2021, OMV and Verbund close purchase of 51% interest in Gas Connect Austria.[18] On June 1, OMV appoints Alfred Stern as new CEO.[19] On June 8, OMV and MOL Group reach agreement for MOL Group to acquire OMV Slovenia.[20]

On March 5, 2022, OMV announced that it would no longer pursue investment in Russia.[21]

In December 2022, it was announced the state-owned, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC), has acquired a 24.9% stake in OMV from Mubadala Petroleum and Petrochemicals Holding Company.[22]

In September 2023, OMV is rolling out a comprehensive network of e-charging stations under the brand name eMotion. The implementation includes the installation of 2,000 charging points by 2030 in Austria, Romania, Slovakia and Hungary.[23]

In November 2023, Wien Energie and OMV established a joint venture for deep geothermal energy. In a joint venture called “deeep”, the two companies are working closely together to make deep geothermal energy a reality in the greater Vienna area. They want to develop deep geothermal plants with output of up to 200 megawatts, thereby generating climate-neutral district heating for the equivalent of up to 200,000 Viennese households. The partners are also planning to implement up to seven deep geothermal plants in Vienna as part of drilling programs.[24]

In December 2023 a Russian presidential decree gave the government the power to confiscate and forcibly sell off assets belonging to European energy firms including shares in the Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas field, currently owned by OMV and Wintershall Dea.[25]

Finance information

Shareholder structure 2023

  • ÖBAG (31.5%)
  • Mubadala Petroleum and Petrochemicals Holding Company/ Abu Dhabi (24.9%)
  • Institutional Investors (27.7%)
  • Unidentified free float (4.0%)
  • Retail positions and miscellaneous (11.7%)
  • Employee share programs (0.1%)
  • Treasury Shares (0.1%)

Shareholdings

The most important shareholdings of OMV Aktiengesellschaft are listed below, with other shareholdings held by the appropriate business segments:[26]

  • Borealis AG (75%)
  • OMV Petrom SA (51%)
  • Sapura OMV (50%)
  • ADNOC Refining and ADNOC Global Trading (15%)

Business segments

Chemicals & Materials

In the Chemicals & Materials segment, OMV is one of the world’s leading providers of advanced and circular polyolefin solutions and a European market leader in base chemicals and plastics recycling. The Company supplies services and products to customers around the globe through OMV and Borealis and its two joint ventures: Borouge (with ADNOC, based in the UAE and Singapore) and Baystar (with TotalEnergies, based in the United States). The segment comprises the production of base chemicals integrated with OMV operated refineries in Austria and Germany, the Borealis business of base chemicals and polyolefins, and the joint ventures.[27]

Fuels & Feedstock

The Fuels & Feedstock business segment refines crude oil and other feedstocks. Its activities include Refining, Supply and Trading, Commercial and Retail. OMV owns a total refining capacity of around 500 kbbl/d, with three wholly owned refineries in Europe and a 15% share in ADNOC Refining & ADNOC Global Trading. In Europe, refining activities are highly integrated with marketing to serve a strong branded retail network and a broad base of commercial customers. Total fuels and other sales volumes in Europe amounted to 16.29 mn t in 2023. The strongly branded retail network comprising 1,666 filling stations accounts for around 35% of sales volumes, while commercial customers are mainly from industrial transportation and construction sectors and account for the remaining sales volumes.[28]

Energy

The Energy segment consists of Exploration & Production, Gas Marketing & Power, and the Low Carbon Business. Its E&P activities include exploration & appraisal, development, and production of crude oil, natural gas liquids, and natural gas. Energy operates its natural gas business across the value chain, from the wellhead to the end customer, with a fully integrated natural gas sales and logistics business. It also includes power business activities and a gas-fired power plant in Romania. Energy plays a key role in developing the sustainable resources for the future. The Low Carbon Business concentrates on geothermal energy, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), and renewable power solutions.[29]

Controversies

War crimes in Sudan

In June 2010, the European Coalition on Oil in Sudan (ECOS)[30] published the report "Unpaid Debt",[31] that called upon the governments of Sweden, Austria, and Malaysia to look into allegations Lundin Petroleum (as operator), OMV and Petronas may have been complicit in the commission of war crimes and crimes against humanity whilst operating in Block 5A, South Sudan (then Sudan), during the period of 1997 to 2003. The reported crimes include indiscriminate attacks and intentional targeting of civilians, burning of shelters, pillage, destruction of objects necessary for survival, unlawful killing of civilians, rape of women, abduction of children, torture, and forced displacement by government troops. When the consortium that OMV took part in operated in Block 5A, approximately 12.000 people died and 160.000 were violently displaced by government troops from their land and homes, many forever. Satellite pictures taken between 1994 and 2003 show that the activities coincided with a spectacular drop in agricultural land use in its concession area [32]

In June 2010, the Swedish public prosecutor for international crimes opened a criminal investigation into links between Sweden and the reported crimes. In 2016, Lundin Petroleum's Chairman Ian Lundin and CEO Alex Schneiter (as operator) were informed that they were the suspects of the investigation. Sweden's Government gave the green light for the Public Prosecutor in October 2018 to indict the two top executives[33] On 1 November 2018, the Swedish Prosecution Authority notified Lundin Petroleum AB that the company may be liable to a corporate fine and forfeiture of economic benefits of SEK 3,285 (app. €315 million) for involvement in war crimes and crimes against humanity.[34] Consequently, the company itself would also be charged, albeit indirectly, and will be legally represented in court. On 15 November 2018 the suspects were served with the draft charges and the case files.[35] They would be indicted for aiding and abetting international crimes and may face life imprisonment if found guilty.[36] The trial is likely to open early in 2022 and may take two years.

The Swedish war crimes investigation raises the issue of access to remedy and reparation for victims of human rights violations linked with business activities. In May 2016, representatives of communities in Block 5A claimed their right to remedy and reparation and called upon OMV, Lundin Petroleum and Petronas and their shareholders to pay off their debt to them.[37] A conviction in Sweden may provide some level of remedy and reparation for the few victims of human rights violations who will testify in court, but not for the other 200,000 victims who will not be represented in court. The Swedish court cannot impose obligations upon OMV.

On 23 May 2019, the T.M.C. Asser Institute for International Law in The Hague organized the conference 'Towards criminal liability of corporations for human rights violations: The Lundin case in Sweden'.[38]

OMV endorses the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, acknowledging the duty of business enterprises to contribute to effective remedy of adverse impact that it has caused or contributed to.[39] The company has never publicly showed an interest in the adverse impacts of its activities on the communities in its concession area. According to the Dutch peace organisation PAX, the companies OMV, Lundin Petroleum, Petronas, as well as their shareholders are disregarding the human rights standards that they claim to respect, notably the OECD Guidelines and UN Guiding Principles, because they, A. never conducted an appropriate due diligence for their Sudanese operations; B. made no effort to know their human rights impacts; and C. do not show how they address alleged adverse human rights impacts.[40]

OMV (Sudan) Exploration GmbH was a wholly owned subsidiary of OMV AG, and held a 26.1% share in the a license as part of the consortium that appointed Lundin as operator to explore and develop oil deposits in Block 5A. It sold its Sudanese assets in 2004 with a net profit of $55 million[41] As the operator of the consortium, Lundin Petroleum was responsible for day-to-day management but its managers stood under the supervision of the Operating Committee, that exercised "overall direction and control of all matters pertaining to the Joint Operations and the Joint Property". OMV was permanently represented in the Operating Committee and has never publicly distanced itself from any of its decisions.[42]

Between 2001 and 2003, OMV met repeatedly with European human rights advocates led by Sudan Platform Austria, but the company took no effective measures to prevent involvement in human rights violations or undo the adverse impact of Lundin's operations. On April 6, 2001, OMV wrote to Human Rights Watch: "We have reached the conclusion that, despite problems, the influx of oil revenues could improve the social and humanitarian conditions of the Sudanese. Oil exploration activities also represent immediate benefits to the local population, in terms of employment, infrastructure developments and humanitarian assistance... Our role is to constantly monitor the situation on the ground and to turn our perception of business ethics into reality by responsible action.[43] In 2002, OMV nevertheless commissioned an independent report on the human rights situation in Block 5A, that has not been made public.[44]

While Block 5A was operated by Lundin, OMV was a participant in the consortium, the suspicions against the consortium's top managers therefore also concern OMV. The Austrian State's owns 31% of OMV's shares. According to the UN Guiding Principles, which is endorsed by Austria, an abuse of human rights by a business enterprise that is wholly or partially controlled by a State, may entail a violation of that State's own international law obligations.[45]

Petrom

The acquisition of 51% stake in Petrom was considered controversial as the privatisation contract was not made public and it consists of several disputed clauses.

The privatisation allegedly produced a market monopoly. Critics say that OMV can use the resources Petrom owns until their exhaustion. Also fixing of tax for gas and oil exploration at 3 to 13.5 percent from the final delivery price for 10 years was criticised. Some critics claimed, that the price €1.5 billion was too low.

On 13 December 2022, OMV Petrom was convicted by the Couter of Justice from Gaiesti, Romania of Involuntary manslaughter case. The Local Court Gaiesti ruled its decision in the file where OMV Petrom SA was sent to trial for involuntary manslaughter. The accusation is referring to an incident which occurred in Cobia in 2016 and resulted in the death of a child. OMV Petrom was found guilty and was convicted to a punishment of a criminal fine amounting to RON 28,000. On the civil side, the court assessed the degree of fault of OMV Petrom SA at 50% and the company was obliged to pay moral damages in total amount of EUR 135,000 to the victim's family and material damages and other expenses in total amount of RON 22,000. The court ordered the complementary measure consisting in the one-year suspension of the activity of oil exploitation wells within the radius of Dâmboviţa county which, at the date when the decision becomes final, do not have a completely closed and locked perimeter or which do no have a well cellar grate installed. The court also ordered the publication of the decision of conviction, in extract. .[46]

MOL

In June 2007 OMV made an unsolicited bid to take over MOL, which was rejected by the Hungarian company. MOL criticised OMV's advertisement in which OMV had suggested the two had already worked together on the European market. MOL thought that to be misleading and unethical and asked OMV to remove the name MOL from those advertisements. OMV dismissed its bid after negative results of the investigation by the European competition authorities.[47][48] OMV sold its entire stake to Surgutneftegas in March 2009.[49]

New Zealand

On 10 April 2019 OMV announced that it would drill up to ten wells off the Otago, New Zealand coast.[50] The decision was met with indications by local environmental groups, who had successfully fought previous attempts to drill for fossil fuels in the area, that OMV could "expect resistance".[51] In November 2019 an OMV supply vessel in Timaru was occupied for 57 hours by 27 protesters, and 16 people were arrested.[52] In March 2020 two members of Extinction Rebellion Ōtautahi intercepted and boarded an OMV mobile drilling rig in the Marlborough Sounds from an inflatable boat, intending to occupy it for a week, but due to sickness of one of the protestors, the occupation was abandoned after 14 hours. The protestors came on board of the rig and were flown to New Plymouth and served with a trespass notice.[53][54][55]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Geschäftsbericht 2023 (Annual report)" (PDF). Retrieved 9 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Forbes Global 2000". Forbes. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  3. ^ OMV Annual Report 2021
  4. ^ 60 years and still going strong: OMV's moving history Retrieved on July 4, 2016.
  5. ^ a b Schwechat Refinery: 60 years old and still not even close to retirement
  6. ^ "OMV History". OMV. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  7. ^ 30 years of OMV filling stations
  8. ^ OMV Press Release ExxonMobil / OMV Petrom: Deepwater gas discovery offshore Romania. Retrieved on April 7, 2017.
  9. ^ OMV Press Release OMV closes acquisition deal with Statoil. Retrieved on April 7, 2017.
  10. ^ OMV Press Release OMV: Downstream restructuring on track. Retrieved on April 7, 2017.
  11. ^ OMV Annual Report 2015 Accounting principles and policies, p. 66. Retrieved 7 April 2017.
  12. ^ OMV Press Release OMV divests wholly owned subsidiary OMV Petrol Ofisi to Vitol Group. Retrieved on April 7, 2017.
  13. ^ OMV included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. Retrieved on Jan. 08, 2021
  14. ^ OMV and Sapura Energy close agreement to form new partnership. Retrieved on Jan. 08, 2021
  15. ^ OMV establishes major Downstream Oil position in Abu Dhabi. Retrieved on Jan. 08, 2021
  16. ^ OMV signs agreement to increase its shareholding in Borealis to 75%. Retrieved on Jan. 08, 2021
  17. ^ Photovoltaic plant in Schönkirchen (Lower Austria) | Retrieved on May. 13, 2021
  18. ^ Verbund purchase of 51% interest in Gas Connect Austria Retrieved on May. 13, 2021
  19. ^ Alfred Stern as new CEO Retrieved on May. 13, 2021
  20. ^ MOL Group reach agreement to acquire OMV Slovenia | Retrieved on May. 13, 2021
  21. ^ "OMV no longer pursues investments in Russia". www.omv.com. 2023-03-05. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
  22. ^ "Kontrolle von OMV durch ÖBAG und ADNOC genehmigt". 12 July 2023.
  23. ^ eMotion launch | Retrieved on April. 09, 2024
  24. ^ Wien Energie & OMV establish joint venture | Retrieved on April. 09, 2024
  25. ^ "Russia to seize energy assets from 'unfriendly' European countries". 20 December 2023.
  26. ^ OMV Annual Report 2022 Retrieved on August 18, 2023
  27. ^ OMV Factbook 22, pp. 39 | Retrieved on April 09, 2024
  28. ^ OMV Factbook 22, pp. 57 | Retrieved on April 09, 2024
  29. ^ OMV Factbook 22, pp. 67-81 | Retrieved on April 09, 2024
  30. ^ "ECOS Database". European Coalition on Oil in Sudan.
  31. ^ "Unpaid Debt, The legacy of Lundin, Petronas, and OMV in Block 5A, Sudan, 1997-2003". European Coalition on Oil in Sudan. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  32. ^ "Satellite mapping Block 5A" (PDF). Prins Engineering. 30 August 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  33. ^ "Lundin faces prosecution for Sudan oil war abuses". Justice Info. 23 October 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  34. ^ "Regulatory disclosure". Lundin Petroleum website. Retrieved 28 June 2018.
  35. ^ "Lundin Petroleum Receives Final Notice before Indictment". Retrieved 29 June 2019.
  36. ^ "Swedish oil bosses set to be charged on South Sudan". Financial Times. 18 October 2018.
  37. ^ "Victim's Remedy Claim". Unpaid Debt. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  38. ^ "Towards criminal liability of corporations for human rights violations: The Lundin case in Sweden". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-12.
  39. ^ "OMV Sustainability Report 2017" (PDF). Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  40. ^ "How Lundin, OMV, and Petronas do not respect human rights". PAX.
  41. ^ "OMV on the move in 2004: Annual Report" (PDF). Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  42. ^ Joint Operating Agreement between IPC Sudan Limited and Petronas Carigali Overseasn Sdn Bhd and OMV (SUDAN) Exploration GmbH and Sudapet Ltd. SUDAN BLOCK 5A, 7 April 1999.
  43. ^ "OMV (Sudan): Excited about Thar Jath Discoveries". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  44. ^ Louis Charbonneau, "OMV studying human rights situation in Sudan," Reuters, Vienna, July 11, 2002.
  45. ^ UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, p. 7.
  46. ^ "Adhoc report - Involuntary manslaughter case – Local's Court Gaiesti decison [sic]". OMV Petrom. 13 December 2022. Retrieved 13 December 2022.
  47. ^ "European Commission closes door on OMV-MOL merger plan". Realdeal.hu. 7 August 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
  48. ^ "OMV gets EU objections statement over MOL takeover bid". Forbes. 24 June 2008. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2008.
  49. ^ "OMV sells MOL stake". OilVoice. 30 March 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
  50. ^ "Gas and oil exploration move off Otago coast". Otago Daily Times. 10 April 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  51. ^ "'Expect resistance', oil company told". Otago Daily Times. 10 April 2019. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  52. ^ Mohanlall, Samesh (26 November 2019). "Police arrest 16 people over occupation of offshore supply vessel in Timaru". Timaru Herald. Retrieved 2020-01-30.
  53. ^ Kenny, Lee (3 March 2020). "Christchurch climate campaigners scale 100m oil rig off NZ coast". Stuff. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  54. ^ Kenny, Lee; Watson, Mike (4 March 2020). "Extinction Rebellion campaigners' daring oil rig protest thwarted after 14 hours". Stuff. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  55. ^ Protesters yet to be charged after boarding oil rig Retrieved on May. 13, 2021
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