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==List of tiger reserves==
==List of tiger reserves==
{{static row numbers}}
{{static row numbers}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text"
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text "style="font-size: 85%"
|-
|-
! Tiger Reserve
! Tiger Reserve
Line 165: Line 165:
| 300.93
| 300.93
|-
|-
| [[Pench Tiger Reserve| Pench-MP]]
| [[Pench Tiger Reserve| Pench]]
| 1992–93
| 1992–93
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
Line 200: Line 200:
| 1994–95
| 1994–95
| [[Mizoram]]
| [[Mizoram]]
| NA
| data not available
| NA
| data not available
| 500.00
| 500.00
| 488.00
| 488.00
Line 265: Line 265:
| [[Odisha]]
| [[Odisha]]
| 3
| 3
| NA
| data not available
| 523.61
| 523.61
| 440.26
| 440.26
Line 285: Line 285:
| 287.82
| 287.82
|-
|-
| [[Kali Tiger Reserve| Dandeli-Anshi Tiger Reserve]]
| [[Kali Tiger Reserve| Kali]]
| 2008–09
| 2008–09
| [[Karnataka]]
| [[Karnataka]]
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| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 7
| 7
| NA
| data not available
| 612.00
| 612.00
| 565.45
| 565.45
Line 344: Line 344:
| 2012–13
| 2012–13
| [[Telangana]]
| [[Telangana]]
| NA
| data not available
| NA
| data not available
| 892.23
| 892.23
| 1,123.21
| 1,123.21
Line 360: Line 360:
| 2013–14
| 2013–14
| [[Rajasthan]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| NA
| data not available
| 1
| 1
| 717.17
| 717.17
Line 384: Line 384:
| 2014
| 2014
| [[Telangana]]
| [[Telangana]]
| NA
| data not available
| 12
| 12
| 2,611.4
| 2,611.4
Line 408: Line 408:
| 2015
| 2015
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| NA
| data not available
| 54
| 54
| 819.54
| 819.54
Line 416: Line 416:
| 2016
| 2016
| [[Assam]]
| [[Assam]]
| NA
| data not available
| 16
| 16
| 79.28
| 79.28
Line 424: Line 424:
| 2016
| 2016
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| NA
| data not available
| NA
| data not available
| 771.00
| 771.00
| 112.00
| 112.00
|-
|-
| [[Srivilliputhur - Megamalai (High wavy Mountains) Tiger Reserve| Srivilliputhur – Megamalai]]
| [[Srivilliputhur - Megamalai (High wavy Mountains) Tiger Reserve| Srivilliputhur–Megamalai]]
| 2021
| 2021
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
Line 448: Line 448:
| 2022
| 2022
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| NA
| data not available
| NA
| data not available
| 230.31
| 230.31
| 299.05
| 299.05
|-
|-
| [[Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary|Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve]]
| [[Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary| Veerangana Durgavati]]
| 2023
| 2023
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| NA
| data not available
| NA
| data not available
| 1,414.00
| 1,414.00
| 925.12
| 925.12
|-
|-
| [[Karauli|Karauli Tiger Reserve]]
| [[Karauli]]
| 2023
| 2023
| [[Rajasthan]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| NA
| data not available
| NA
| data not available
| 599.64
| 599.64
| NA
| data not available
|-
|-
|}
|}
⚫
*[[Amangarh Tiger Reserve]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] is a [[buffer zone]] of [[Jim Corbett National Park]] and may not be regarded as a separate tiger reserve. It has a buffer zone of {{cvt| 80.6| km2}} but no core area of critical tiger habitat.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Tiger Reserves| url=https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_tigerreserves| access-date=9 January 2021| publisher=Wildlife Institute of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Tiger Reserves| url=https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2| access-date=19 January 2021| publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority}}</ref>

⚫
* Note that [[Amangarh Tiger Reserve]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] is a [[buffer zone]] of [[Jim Corbett National Park]],<ref>{{Cite web| title=National Tiger Conservation Authority| url=https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2| access-date=2021-09-19| website=ntca.gov.in}}</ref> and may not be regarded as a separate tiger reserve. It has a buffer zone of {{cvt| 80.6| km2}} but no core area of critical tiger habitat.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Tiger Reserves| url=https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_tigerreserves| access-date=2021-09-19| website=Wildlife Institute of India}}</ref>
* '''Note''' that designation of Guru Ghasidas - Tamor Pingla National Park as a Tiger Reserve was paused by [[Chhattisgarh]] State Government in July 2023.<ref>{{Cite web | date=2023-08-23 | title=54 Tiger Reserves in India - Map & List - gkinsights.com | url=https://gkinsights.com/53-tiger-reserves-in-india/#note1 | access-date=2023-08-29 | language=en-US}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 06:16, 10 April 2024

The tiger reserves of India were set up in 1973 and are governed under Project Tiger, which is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority, Government of India. Tiger reserves were designated in 50 protected areas until 2018.[1] In 2022, the 53rd tiger reserve was declared in Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh, and the State's third tiger reserve.[2]

India is home to 80 percent of tigers in the world. In 2006, India estimated that there were 1,411 tigers, which more than doubled to a population 3,167 tigers in 2022.[3][4]

The increase in population of tigers in India played a major role in driving up global populations as well; the number of wild tigers globally rose from 3,159 in 2010 to 3,890 in 2016 according to World Wildlife Fund and Global Tiger Forum.[5]

Goal

State forestry departments operate 71,027.1 km2 (27,423.7 sq mi) of declared reserves "to ensure maintenance of viable populations of the conservation dependent Bengal tiger in India". The tiger is maintained for its scientific, economic, aesthetic, cultural and ecological values and to preserve areas of biological importance as a national heritage for the benefit of educational purposes."[6]

Population assessment

State wise Bengal tiger population India as of 2018

By the year 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were estimated only 2,967 tigers in existence in India.[7] The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of tigers in India at 1,706. As per Ministry of Environment and Forests, the tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate. This exhaustive study indicated that better protected tiger source sites, especially tiger reserves, have maintained viable populations. However, the area occupied by tigers outside protected areas has decreased considerably. This demonstrates the need for corridors in order for tigers to move between source sites. The existing tiger reserves represent around one-third of India's high density forest area.[8] More tigers were killed in the first quarter of 2016 than in the entire previous year. This significant revelation comes at a time when the tiger census numbers are disputed by the scientific community.

In 2010–11, the National Tiger Conservation Authority in partnership with the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) undertook an independent management effectiveness evaluation (MEE) of the 53 tiger reserves in the country. The reserves were categorized into four major categories. As of 2015, Madhya Pradesh had the largest tiger population with 526 individuals in the age group of 1.5 years, followed by Karnataka with 524 individuals, Uttarakhand with 442 individuals, Tamil Nadu with 229 individuals, Maharashtra with 190 individuals, Assam with 167individuals, Kerala with 136 individuals and Uttar Pradesh with 117 individuals.[9]

List of tiger reserves

Tiger Reserve Year of creation State Population of tigers, 2018 Population of tigers, 2023 Area Core (km2) Area buffer (km2)
Bandipur 1973–74 Karnataka 120 150 868.63 584.06
Corbett 1973–74 Uttarakhand 216 260 1,318.54 466.32
Kanha 1973–74 Madhya Pradesh 80 105 917.43 1,134.36
Manas 1973–74 Assam 11 58 526.22 2,310.88
Melghat 1973–74 Maharashtra 25 57 1,500.49 1,268.03
Palamau 1973–74 Jharkhand 3 1 414.08 715.85
Ranthambore 1973–74 Rajasthan 37 57 1,333.36 297.92
Similipal 1973–74 Odisha 9 16 1,194.75 1,555.25
Sunderbans 1973–74 West Bengal 96 100 1,699.62 885.27
Periyar 1978–79 Kerala 20 30 881 44.00
Sariska 1978–79 Rajasthan 9 19 881.11 332.23
Buxa 1982–83 West Bengal 2 1 390.58 367.32
Indravati 1982–83 Chhattisgarh 12 1 1,258.37 1,540.70
Namdapha 1982–83 Arunachal Pradesh 11 1 1807.82 245.00
Dudhwa 1987–88 Uttar Pradesh 58 135 1,093.79 1,107.98
Kalakad-Mundanthurai 1988–89 Tamil Nadu 10 5 895.00 706.54
Valmiki 1989–90 Bihar 40 54 598.45 300.93
Pench 1992–93 Madhya Pradesh 43 77 411.33 768.30
Tadoba-Andhari 1993–94 Maharashtra 115 97 625.82 1,101.77
Bandhavgarh 1993–94 Madhya Pradesh 63 135 716.9 820.03
Panna 1994–95 Madhya Pradesh 17 55 576.13 1,021.97
Dampa 1994–95 Mizoram NA NA 500.00 488.00
Bhadra 1998–99 Karnataka 22 28 492.46 571.83
Pench-MH 1998–99 Maharashtra 35 48 257.26 483.96
Pakke 1999–2000 Arunachal Pradesh 7 6 683.45 515.00
Nameri 1999–2000 Assam 5 3 320.00 144.00
Satpura 1999–2000 Madhya Pradesh 26 50 1,339.26 794.04
Anamalai 2008–09 Tamil Nadu 13 16 958.59 521.28
Sitanadi 2008–09 Chhattisgarh 4 1 851.09 991.45
Satkosia 2008–09 Odisha 3 NA 523.61 440.26
Kaziranga 2008–09 Assam 103 104 625.58 548.00
Achanakmar 2008–09 Chhattisgarh 11 5 626.19 287.82
Kali 2008–09 Karnataka 5 17 814.88 282.63
Sanjay Dhubri 2008–09 Madhya Pradesh 8 16 812.57 861.93
Mudumalai 2007 Tamil Nadu 103 114 321.00 367.59
Nagarhole 2008–09 Karnataka 101 141 643.35 562.41
Parambikulam 2008–09 Kerala 19 31 390.89 252.77
Sahyadri 2009–10 Maharashtra 7 NA 612.00 565.45
Biligiri Ranganatha Temple 2010–11 Karnataka 68 37 359.10 215.72
Kawal 2012–13 Telangana NA NA 892.23 1,123.21
Sathyamangalam 2013–14 Tamil Nadu 72 85 793.49 614.91
Mukandra Hills 2013–14 Rajasthan NA 1 717.17 342.82
Nawegaon 2013–14 Maharashtra 7 11 653.67 1,241.27
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam 1982–83 Andhra Pradesh 74 58 2,595.72 700.59
Amrabad 2014 Telangana NA 12 2,611.4 445.02
Pilibhit 2014 Uttar Pradesh 65 63 602.79 127.45
Bor 2014 Maharashtra 5 9 138.12 678.15
Rajaji 2015 Uttarakhand NA 54 819.54 255.63
Orang 2016 Assam NA 16 79.28 413.18
Kamlang 2016 Arunachal Pradesh NA NA 771.00 112.00
Srivilliputhur–Megamalai 2021 Tamil Nadu 14 12 641.86 374.70
Ramgarh Vishdhari 2022 Rajasthan 35 1 481.90 1,019.98
Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary 2022 Uttar Pradesh NA NA 230.31 299.05
Veerangana Durgavati 2023 Madhya Pradesh NA NA 1,414.00 925.12
Karauli 2023 Rajasthan NA NA 599.64 NA

References

  1. ^ Jhala, Y. V.; Qureshi, Q.; Nayak, A. K. (2019). Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2018. Summary Report. TR No./2019/05 (PDF) (Report). New Delhi, Dehradun: National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India.
  2. ^ "Uttar Pradesh gears up for its fourth tiger reserve in Chitrakoot". newsonair.com. 2022.
  3. ^ "India's tiger population sees 33% increase". BBC. 2019.
  4. ^ "India's tiger population tops 3,000, shows census". The Hindu. 2023-04-09. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  5. ^ "2967 – What the new global Tiger number means". WWF. 2016.
  6. ^ "Project Tiger" (PDF). Delhi: Government of India. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  7. ^ Y.V. Jhala; R. Gopal; Q. Qureshi, eds. (2008). Status of the Tigers, Co-predators and Prey in India (PDF) (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India, New Delhi, and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. TR 08/001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-02.
  8. ^ "Tiger Estimate in India" (PDF). Public Information Brochure. New Delhi: Ministry of Environment and Forests, GOI. 28 March 2011. p. 9. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  9. ^ "India's tiger population rises". Deccan Chronicle. 15 January 2015.
  10. ^ "Tiger Reserves". Wildlife Institute of India. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  11. ^ "Tiger Reserves". National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
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