Toona: Difference between revisions
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|subdivision = See text |
|subdivision = See text |
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|synonyms = |
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|synonyms = ''Surenus'' <small>[[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small> |
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*''Fabrenia'' {{small|[[Francisco Noronha|Noronha]] (1790)}} |
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*''Surenus'' {{small|[[Georg Eberhard Rumphius|Rumph.]] ex [[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]] (1891)}} |
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|synonyms_ref = {{R|POWO}} |
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==Species== |
==Species== |
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{{As of|2024|04|11}}, six species are recognised by [[Plants of the World Online]],{{R|POWO}} as follows: |
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The following include accepted species in [[the Plant List]]: |
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*''[[Toona |
*''[[Toona calantas]]'' {{small|Merr. & Rolfe (1908)}} - [[Malesia]], New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago. |
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*''[[Toona calcicola]]'' {{small|Rueangr., Tagane & Suddee (2015)}} - Thailand. |
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*''[[Toona calantas]]'' <small>Merr. & Rolfe</small> – kalantas, Philippine mahogany, Philippine cedar<ref name="calantas">{{cite web|url=http://211.114.21.20/tropicalplant/html/print.jsp?rno=193|title=''Toona calantas'' Merr. & Rolfe|author=ASEAN Tropical Plant Database|publisher=National Institute of Environmental Research, Republic of Korea|access-date=December 12, 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20131211195714/http://211.114.21.20/tropicalplant/html/print.jsp?rno=193|archive-date=December 11, 2013}}</ref> |
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*''[[Toona ciliata]]'' {{small|M.Roem. (1846)}} - Pakistan to southern China, SE Asia and Australia. |
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*''[[Toona ciliata]]'' <small>M.Roem.</small> (syn. ''T. australis'') – Australian red cedar, Indian mahogany<ref name="ind">{{cite web|url=http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/31866|title=''Toona ciliata'' Roem. |publisher=India Biodiversity Portal|access-date=December 12, 2013}}</ref> |
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*''[[Toona fargesii]]'' |
*''[[Toona fargesii]]'' {{small|A.Chev. (1944)}} - Eastern Himalayas to southern China. |
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*''[[Toona sinensis]]'' |
*''[[Toona sinensis]]'' {{small|(A.Juss.) M.Roem. (1846)}} - Pakistan to China and Malesia. |
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*''[[Toona sureni]]'' {{small|(Blume) Merr. (1917)}} - Southern China, Malesia and [[Papuasia]]. |
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*''[[Toona sureni]]'' <small>(Blume) Merr.</small> (syn. ''T. febrifuga'') – Suren, Indonesian mahogany, Vietnamese mahogany<ref name="GRINSpecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?12192 |title=GRIN Species Records of ''Toona'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |access-date=2011-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924075504/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?12192 |archive-date=2015-09-24 }}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist |
{{Reflist|28em|refs= |
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<ref name="POWO">{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:26849-1 |title=''Toona'' M.Roem. |website=[[Plants of the World Online]] |publisher=[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]] |year=2024 |access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref> |
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}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons category}} |
{{Commons category}} |
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{{Wikispecies}} |
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*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Toona.html University of Melbourne: Sorting ''Toona'' names] |
*[http://www.plantnames.unimelb.edu.au/Sorting/Toona.html University of Melbourne: Sorting ''Toona'' names] |
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*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090930060301/http://www.colongwilderness.org.au/RedIndex/NSW/newen99.htm New England, The Wilderness Society, Armidale Branch] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090930060301/http://www.colongwilderness.org.au/RedIndex/NSW/newen99.htm New England, The Wilderness Society, Armidale Branch] |
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Revision as of 22:28, 10 April 2024
| Toona | |
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| Toona ciliata (Type species) | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Meliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cedreloideae |
| Genus: | Toona (Endl.) M.Roem.[1] |
| Species | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
Toona, commonly known as redcedar,[3] toon (also spelled tun) or toona, tooni (in India) is a genus in the mahogany family, Meliaceae, native from Afghanistan south to India, and east to North Korea, Papua New Guinea and eastern Australia.[4] In older texts, the genus was often incorporated within a wider circumscription of the related genus Cedrela, but that genus is now restricted to species from the Americas.
Uses
Ornamental use
Toona sinensis is of interest as by far the most cold-tolerant species in the Meliaceae, native in China as far north as 40°N in the Beijing area, where its tender shoots, called xiangchun (Chinese: 香椿; pinyin: xiāngchūn), are a traditional local leaf vegetable. It is the only member of the family that can be cultivated successfully in northern Europe, where it is sometimes planted as an ornamental tree in parks and avenues. Until recently, it had no widespread English common name, though Chinese Mahogany (reflecting its botanical relationship) is now used (e.g. Rushforth 1999).[5]
Wood source
Toona ciliata is an important timber tree. It provides a valuable hardwood used for furniture, ornamental panelling, shipbuilding, and musical instruments like the sitar, rudra veena, and drums. Due to the restrictions in recent years on the use of natively-grown American mahogany,[6] it has become one of the common mahogany replacements in electric guitar manufacturing.
Medicinal and culinary uses
Toona sinensis is used in Chinese traditional medicine and eaten as a vegetable or sauce in China (leaves and shoots).
Species
As of 11 April 2024[update], six species are recognised by Plants of the World Online,[2] as follows:
- Toona calantas Merr. & Rolfe (1908) - Malesia, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago.
- Toona calcicola Rueangr., Tagane & Suddee (2015) - Thailand.
- Toona ciliata M.Roem. (1846) - Pakistan to southern China, SE Asia and Australia.
- Toona fargesii A.Chev. (1944) - Eastern Himalayas to southern China.
- Toona sinensis (A.Juss.) M.Roem. (1846) - Pakistan to China and Malesia.
- Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. (1917) - Southern China, Malesia and Papuasia.
References
- ^ "Genus: Toona (Endl.) M. Roem". Germplasm Resources Information Network. 1996-09-17. Archived from the original on 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2011-04-21.
- ^ a b "Toona M.Roem". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2024. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
- ^ NRCS. "Toona". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 11 December 2015.
- ^ Mabberley, David (2008). Mabberley's Plant-Book (3 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 863. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4.
- ^ Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. London: HarperCollins.
- ^ "Bigleaf mahogany | CITES".
External links
- University of Melbourne: Sorting Toona names
- New England, The Wilderness Society, Armidale Branch
- New South Wales Flora Online
- Hua Peng and Jennifer M. Edmonds. "Toona". Flora of China. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
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