Dobira: Difference between revisions

Dobira دومبرة
Dobira دومبرة
Mother of all Darod clans
	Burial place of Dombira near Haylaan, Somalia
Religion	Islam

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Dombiro (Template:Lang-ar), was a Somali historical figure, known for being the wife of the progenitor of the Darod clan, Sheikh Abdulrahman al-Jabarti.

Biography

During the 10th or 11th century CE,^[1] Dombiro married Sheikh Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti (Darod), a son of the Sufi Sheikh Isma'il al-Jabarti of the Qadiriyyah order, who had settled in Somalia just across the Red Sea. The union is said to have given rise to the Darod clan family.^[2]

Dombiro was the daughter of Dagale (Dikalla), the Dir clan chief at the time^[3]^[2] whereas other historical works plainly mention Dombira to be the daughter of Dir.^[4] By marrying Dombiro, Darod established links with the Samaale stem.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Dombiro is buried just outside the ancient town of Haylaan in the Sanaag region of Somalia where Sheikh Darod's tomb is also located.

Notes

^ I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 22
^ ^a ^b Somalia Society (1954). The Somalia Journal, Volume 1, Issues 1-3. The Society. p. 85.
^ Mandelli, Alfonso. Nuove indagini su Antonio Stradivari: 23 incisioni e 4 fac-simili. U. Hoepli, 1903.
^ Hunt, John Anthony (1951). A general survey of the Somalia Protectorate 1944-1950: final report on 'An economic survey and reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950,' Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme, Part 484. To be purchased from the Chief Secretary. p. 151. OCLC 3011788. Dir, the father-in-law of Darod, is said to be the uncle of Esa Madoba and brother of Hawiya Irrir, who founded the Esa tribe of Zeila and the Hawiya of Somalia respectively. Ram Nag, the great-grandfather of Dir, and Samarone the patriarch of the Gadabursi, are of unknown origin, but probably Arabians who landed at Zeila.
^ Burton, Sir Richard Francis; Burton, Lady Isabel. The Works of Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton: First footsteps in East Africa. Tylston & Edwards. p. 74. where he married a daughter of the Dir tribe
^ Burton, Richard Francis (1856-01-01). First Footsteps in East Africa. Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans. p. 104. where he married a daughter of the Hawiyah tribe
^ Somaliland Society (1954). The Somaliland Journal, Volume 1, Issues 1-3. The Society. p. 85.
^ Lewis, A pastoral democracy, pp. 11–13.

External links

Dōmbira daughter of Dagāle

[Lewis-1] I.M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali, fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 22

[Tsjvoiott-2] Somalia Society (1954). The Somalia Journal, Volume 1, Issues 1-3. The Society. p. 85.

[3] Mandelli, Alfonso. Nuove indagini su Antonio Stradivari: 23 incisioni e 4 fac-simili. U. Hoepli, 1903.

[Hunt-4] Hunt, John Anthony (1951). A general survey of the Somalia Protectorate 1944-1950: final report on 'An economic survey and reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950,' Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme, Part 484. To be purchased from the Chief Secretary. p. 151. OCLC 3011788. Dir, the father-in-law of Darod, is said to be the uncle of Esa Madoba and brother of Hawiya Irrir, who founded the Esa tribe of Zeila and the Hawiya of Somalia respectively. Ram Nag, the great-grandfather of Dir, and Samarone the patriarch of the Gadabursi, are of unknown origin, but probably Arabians who landed at Zeila.

[5] Burton, Sir Richard Francis; Burton, Lady Isabel. The Works of Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton: First footsteps in East Africa. Tylston & Edwards. p. 74. where he married a daughter of the Dir tribe

[6] Burton, Richard Francis (1856-01-01). First Footsteps in East Africa. Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans. p. 104. where he married a daughter of the Hawiyah tribe

[Tsjvoiott2-7] Somaliland Society (1954). The Somaliland Journal, Volume 1, Issues 1-3. The Society. p. 85.

[8] Lewis, A pastoral democracy, pp. 11–13.

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 ==Biography==
+During the 10th or 11th century CE,<ref name="Lewis">I.M. Lewis, ''A Modern History of the Somali'', fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 22</ref> Dombiro married Sheikh [[Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti]] (Darod), a son of the [[Sufism|Sufi]] Sheikh Isma'il al-Jabarti of the [[Qadiriyyah]] order, who had settled in [[Somalia]] just across the [[Red Sea]]. The union is said to have given rise to the [[Darod]] clan family.<ref name="Tsjvoiott">{{cite book |last=Somalia Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hsOAQAAMAAJ |title=The Somalia Journal, Volume 1, Issues 1-3 |publisher=The Society |year=1954 |page=85}}</ref>
-The story of Donbiro Dir is well known, however, the present day Dir challenge this story since Donbiro a daughter of Dir would have lived thousands of years ago. The Darod claims to marry Donbiro between 11th century and 13th century - which cannot be accurate since the Dir are of great antiqiuty. The Dir are mention in Abyssinian chronciles of fighting under Sabr ad-Din against Abyssinia. Idiris in 1150 AD mentions the Hawiya as inhabiting Hafun and this indicates that the Darod had not formed yet. The story of a man found in a tree is common amongst many people in the Horn of Africa - the eponymous ancestor of the Ajuran was found in a tree and marries Hawiya's granddaughter - something which is inaccurate, again since Hawiya lived thousands of years ago. Also the Oromo have many stories of ancestors being found in a tree - a common way of explaining the adoption of new people. There is no eveidence for an Arab origin, something invented later and adopted by the colonial authroities. Dombiro was the daughter of the [[Dir (clan)|Dir]] clan chief.<ref>Mandelli, Alfonso. Nuove indagini su Antonio Stradivari: 23 incisioni e 4 fac-simili. U. Hoepli, 1903.</ref><ref name="Tsjvoiott">{{cite book|last=Somalia Society|title=The Somalia Journal, Volume 1, Issues 1-3|year=1954|publisher=The Society|page=85|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hsOAQAAMAAJ}}</ref> While other historical works mention that Dombira was the daughter of [[Dir (clan)|Dir]].<ref name="Hunt">{{Cite book |first=John Anthony | last=Hunt | title=A general survey of the Somalia Protectorate 1944-1950: final report on 'An economic survey and reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950,' Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme, Part 484 | publisher=To be purchased from the Chief Secretary | year=1951 | page=151 | oclc=3011788 |quote=Dir, the father-in-law of Darod, is said to be the uncle of Esa Madoba and brother of Hawiya Irrir, who founded the Esa tribe of Zeila and the Hawiya of Somalia respectively. }}</ref> With that Darod established link with the main [[Samaale]] Somali's. <ref>{{Cite book|last=Burton|first=Sir Richard Francis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEw0AQAAMAAJ|title=The Works of Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton: First footsteps in East Africa|last2=Burton|first2=Lady Isabel|publisher=Tylston & Edwards|pages=74|language=en|quote=where he married a daughter of the Dir tribe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Burton|first=Richard Francis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dzhCAAAAcAAJ|title=First Footsteps in East Africa|date=1856-01-01|publisher=Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans|pages=104|language=en|quote=where he married a daughter of the Hawiyah tribe}}</ref><ref name="Tsjvoiott2">{{cite book|last=Somaliland Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hsOAQAAMAAJ|title=The Somaliland Journal, Volume 1, Issues 1-3|publisher=The Society|year=1954|page=85}}</ref> <ref>Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy'', pp. 11–13.</ref>
+Dombiro was the daughter of Dagale (Dikalla), the [[Dir (clan)|Dir]] clan chief at the time<ref>Mandelli, Alfonso. Nuove indagini su Antonio Stradivari: 23 incisioni e 4 fac-simili. U. Hoepli, 1903.</ref><ref name="Tsjvoiott" /> whereas other historical works plainly mention Dombira to be the daughter of [[Dir (clan)|Dir]].<ref name="Hunt">{{Cite book |last=Hunt |first=John Anthony |title=A general survey of the Somalia Protectorate 1944-1950: final report on 'An economic survey and reconnaissance of the British Somaliland Protectorate 1944-1950,' Colonial Development and Welfare Scheme, Part 484 |publisher=To be purchased from the Chief Secretary |year=1951 |page=151 |oclc=3011788 |quote=Dir, the father-in-law of Darod, is said to be the uncle of Esa Madoba and brother of Hawiya Irrir, who founded the Esa tribe of Zeila and the Hawiya of Somalia respectively. Ram Nag, the great-grandfather of Dir, and Samarone the patriarch of the Gadabursi, are of unknown origin, but probably Arabians who landed at Zeila.}}</ref> By marrying Dombiro, Darod established links with the [[Samaale]] stem.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Sir Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEw0AQAAMAAJ |title=The Works of Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton: First footsteps in East Africa |last2=Burton |first2=Lady Isabel |publisher=Tylston & Edwards |pages=74 |language=en |quote=where he married a daughter of the Dir tribe}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Burton |first=Richard Francis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dzhCAAAAcAAJ |title=First Footsteps in East Africa |date=1856-01-01 |publisher=Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans |pages=104 |language=en |quote=where he married a daughter of the Hawiyah tribe}}</ref><ref name="Tsjvoiott2">{{cite book |last=Somaliland Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8hsOAQAAMAAJ |title=The Somaliland Journal, Volume 1, Issues 1-3 |publisher=The Society |year=1954 |page=85}}</ref><ref>Lewis, ''A pastoral democracy'', pp. 11–13.</ref>
-During the 10th or 11th century CE,<ref name="Lewis">I.M. Lewis, ''A Modern History of the Somali'', fourth edition (Oxford: James Currey, 2002), p. 22</ref> Dombiro married Sheikh [[Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti]] (Darod), a son of the [[Sufism|Sufi]] Sheikh Isma'il al-Jabarti of the [[Qadiriyyah]] order, who had settled in [[Somalia]] just across the [[Red Sea]]. The union is said to have given rise to the [[Darod]] clan family.<ref name="Tsjvoiott"/>
-Dombiro is buried just outside the ancient town of [[Haylaan]] in the [[Sanaag]] region of [[Somalia]], where Sheikh Darod's tomb is located.
+Dombiro is buried just outside the ancient town of [[Haylaan]] in the [[Sanaag]] region of [[Somalia]] where Sheikh Darod's tomb is also located.
-The Dir contest this version and cannot support it since Donbiro Dir lived during a completely diferent period; thousands of years ago. The origin of the Darod is more likely to be explained by the adoption of various groups who formed a gashanbur or collective; and as their numbers grew, they migrated and continued to absorb new elemnents. Evidence of this comes from the clan names found amongst the Darod such as Adbwak, Jidwak, etc. indicating a close connection with Cushitic roots.
 ==See also==