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In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. By the late 1980s, the initial nine reserves covering an area of {{cvt|9115|km2}} had been increased to 15 reserves covering an area of {{cvt|24700|km2}}. More than 1100 tigers were estimated to inhabit the reserves by 1984.<ref>{{cite book |author=Panwar, H. S. |year=1987 |chapter=Project Tiger: The reserves, the tigers, and their future |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdC-wfyZwZEC&pg=PA110 |pages=110–117 |title=Tigers of the world: the biology, biopolitics, management, and conservation of an endangered species |editor1-last=Tilson, R. L. |editor2-last=Sel, U. S. |publisher=Minnesota Zoological Garden, IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Group, IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |location=Park Ridge, N.J. |isbn=978-0-815-51133-5}}</ref> By 1997, 23 tiger reserves encompassed an area of {{cvt|33000|km2}}.<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Seidensticker, J. |editor2=Christie, S. |editor3=Jackson, P. |year=1999 |title=Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in human-dominated landscapes |publisher=Cambridge University Press |place=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-64057-1 |author=Thapar, V. |chapter=The tragedy of the Indian tiger: starting from scratch |pages=296–306}}</ref> As of March 2024, there are 55 [[protected area]]s that have been designated as tiger reserves.<ref name="Reserve"/>
In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. By the late 1980s, the initial nine reserves covering an area of {{cvt|9115|km2}} had been increased to 15 reserves covering an area of {{cvt|24700|km2}}. More than 1100 tigers were estimated to inhabit the reserves by 1984.<ref>{{cite book |author=Panwar, H. S. |year=1987 |chapter=Project Tiger: The reserves, the tigers, and their future |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YdC-wfyZwZEC&pg=PA110 |pages=110–117 |title=Tigers of the world: the biology, biopolitics, management, and conservation of an endangered species |editor1-last=Tilson, R. L. |editor2-last=Sel, U. S. |publisher=Minnesota Zoological Garden, IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Group, IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group |location=Park Ridge, N.J. |isbn=978-0-815-51133-5}}</ref> By 1997, 23 tiger reserves encompassed an area of {{cvt|33000|km2}}.<ref>{{cite book |editor1=Seidensticker, J. |editor2=Christie, S. |editor3=Jackson, P. |year=1999 |title=Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in human-dominated landscapes |publisher=Cambridge University Press |place=Cambridge |isbn=0-521-64057-1 |author=Thapar, V. |chapter=The tragedy of the Indian tiger: starting from scratch |pages=296–306}}</ref> As of March 2024, there are 55 [[protected area]]s that have been designated as tiger reserves.<ref name="Reserve"/>
{{clear}}

==List of tiger reserves==
{{static row numbers}}
{{static row numbers}}
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text "style="font-size: 90%"
{|class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers static-row-header-text"
|+List of tiger reserves<ref name="Reserve"/><ref>{{cite report|title=MEE summary report |url=https://ntca.gov.in/assets/uploads/Reports/MEE/MEE_summary_report_2023.pdf|access-date=1 April 2024 |publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority}}</ref>
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Tiger Reserve<ref>https://ntca.gov.in/about-us/#tiger-reserves-2</ref>
! Name
! class="unsortable" | Established
! class="unsortable" rowspan="2" | Year of creation
! State
! rowspan="2" | State
! rowspan="2" | Population of tigers, 2018
! Tiger population (2023)<ref name="Report"/>
! rowspan="2" | Population of tigers, 2023
! Core area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Buffer area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! colspan="3" | Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
|- class="static-row-header"
! Core !! buffer !! Total
|-
|-
| [[Bandipur National Park| Bandipur]]
| [[Bandipur National Park| Bandipur]]
|1973–74
|1973–74
| [[Karnataka]]
| [[Karnataka]]
| 120
| 150
| 150
| 868.63
| 868.63
| 584.06
| 584.06
| 1,456.3
|-
|-
| [[Jim Corbett National Park| Corbett]]
| [[Jim Corbett National Park| Jim Corbett]]
|1973–74
|1973–74
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| 216
| 260
| 260
| 1,318.54
| 1,318.54
| 466.32
| 466.32
| 1,288.31
|-
|-
| [[Kanha Tiger Reserve| Kanha]]
| [[Kanha Tiger Reserve| Kanha]]
|1973–74
|1973–74
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 80
| 105
| 105
| 917.43
| 917.43
| 1,134.36
| 1,134.36
| 2,051.79
|-
|-
| [[Manas National Park| Manas]]
| [[Manas National Park| Manas]]
|1973–74
|1973–74
| [[Assam]]
| [[Assam]]
| 11
| 58
| 58
| 526.22
| 526.22
| 2,310.88
| 2,310.88
| 2,837.10
|-
|-
| [[Melghat]]
| [[Melghat]]
| 1973–74
| 1973–74
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 25
| 57
| 57
| 1,500.49
| 1,500.49
| 1,268.03
| 1,268.03
| 2,768.52
|-
|-
| [[Palamau Tiger Reserve| Palamau]]
| [[Palamau Tiger Reserve| Palamau]]
|1973–74
|1973–74
| [[Jharkhand]]
| [[Jharkhand]]
| 3
| 1
| 1
| 414.08
| 414.08
| 715.85
| 715.85
| 1,129.93
|-
|-
| [[Ranthambore National Park| Ranthambore]]
| [[Ranthambore National Park| Ranthambore]]
| 1973–74
| 1973–74
| [[Rajasthan]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| 37
| 57
| 57
| 1,333.36
| 1,333.36
| 297.92
| 297.92
| 1,411.29
|-
|-
| [[Simlipal National Park| Similipal]]
| [[Simlipal National Park| Similipal]]
| 1973–74
| 1973–74
| [[Odisha]]
| [[Odisha]]
| 9
| 16
| 16
| 1,194.75
| 1,194.75
| 1,555.25
| 1,555.25
| 2,750.00
|-
|-
| [[Sundarbans National Park| Sunderbans]]
| [[Sundarbans National Park| Sunderbans]]
| 1973–74
| 1973–74
| [[West Bengal]]
| [[West Bengal]]
| 96
| 100
| 100
| 1,699.62
| 1,699.62
| 885.27
| 885.27
| 2,584.89
|-
|-
| [[Periyar National Park| Periyar]]
| [[Periyar National Park| Periyar]]
| 1978–79
| 1978–79
| [[Kerala]]
| [[Kerala]]
| 20
| 30
| 30
| 881
| 881.00
| 44.00
| 44.00
| 925.00
|-
|-
| [[Sariska Tiger Reserve| Sariska]]
| [[Sariska Tiger Reserve| Sariska]]
| 1978–79
| 1978–79
| [[Rajasthan]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| 9
| 19
| 19
| 881.11
| 881.11
| 332.23
| 332.23
| 1,213.34
|-
|-
| [[Buxa Tiger Reserve| Buxa]]
| [[Buxa Tiger Reserve| Buxa]]
| 1982–83
| 1982–83
| [[West Bengal]]
| [[West Bengal]]
| 2
| 1
| 1
| 390.58
| 390.58
| 367.32
| 367.32
| 757.90
|-
|-
| [[Indravati National Park| Indravati]]
| [[Indravati National Park| Indravati]]
| 1982–83
| 1982–83
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
| 12
| 1
| 1
| 1,258.37
| 1,258.37
| 1,540.70
| 1,540.70
| 2,799.07
|-
|-
| [[Namdapha National Park| Namdapha]]
| [[Namdapha National Park| Namdapha]]
| 1982–83
| 1982–83
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| 11
| 1
| 1
| 1807.82
| 1,807.82
| 245.00
| 245.00
| 2,052.82
|-
|-
| [[Dudhwa National Park| Dudhwa]]
| [[Dudhwa National Park| Dudhwa]]
| 1987–88
| 1987–88
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 58
| 135
| 135
| 1,093.79
| 1,093.79
| 1,107.98
| 1,107.98
| 2,201.77
|-
|-
| [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve| Kalakad-Mundanthurai]]
| [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve| Kalakad-Mundanthurai]]
| 1988–89
| 1988–89
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 10
| 5
| 5
| 895.00
| 895.00
| 706.54
| 706.54
| 1,601.54
|-
|-
| [[Valmiki National Park| Valmiki]]
| [[Valmiki National Park| Valmiki]]
| 1989–90
| 1989–90
| [[Bihar]]
| [[Bihar]]
| 40
| 54
| 54
| 598.45
| 598.45
| 300.93
| 300.93
| 899.38
|-
|-
| [[Pench Tiger Reserve| Pench]]
| [[Pench Tiger Reserve| Pench-MP]]
| 1992–93
| 1992–93
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 43
| 77
| 77
| 411.33
| 411.33
| 768.30
| 768.30
| 1,179.63
|-
|-
| [[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve| Tadoba-Andhari]]
| [[Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve| Tadoba-Andhari]]
| 1993–94
| 1993–94
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 115
| 97
| 97
| 625.82
| 625.82
| 1,101.77
| 1,101.77
| 1,727.59
|-
|-
| [[Bandhavgarh National Park| Bandhavgarh]]
| [[Bandhavgarh National Park| Bandhavgarh]]
| 1993–94
| 1993–94
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 63
| 135
| 135
| 716.9
| 716.9
| 820.03
| 820.03
| 1,536.93
|-
|-
| [[Panna National Park| Panna]]
| [[Panna National Park| Panna]]
| 1994–95
| 1994–95
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 17
| 55
| 55
| 576.13
| 576.13
| 1,021.97
| 1,021.97
| 1,598.10
|-
|-
| [[Dampa Tiger Reserve| Dampa]]
| [[Dampa Tiger Reserve| Dampa]]
| 1994–95
| 1994–95
| [[Mizoram]]
| [[Mizoram]]
| data not available
| 0
| data not available
| 500.00
| 500.00
| 488.00
| 488.00
| 988.00
|-
|-
| [[Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary| Bhadra]]
| [[Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary| Bhadra]]
| 1998–99
| 1998–99
| [[Karnataka]]
| [[Karnataka]]
| 22
| 28
| 28
| 492.46
| 492.46
| 571.83
| 571.83
| 1,064.29
|-
|-
| [[Pench National Park| Pench-MH]]
| [[Pench National Park| Pench-MH]]
| 1998–99
| 1998–99
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 35
| 48
| 48
| 257.26
| 257.26
| 483.96
| 483.96
| 741.22
|-
|-
| [[Pakke Tiger Reserve| Pakke]]
| [[Pakke Tiger Reserve| Pakke]]
| 1999–2000
| 1999–2000
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| 7
| 6
| 6
| 683.45
| 683.45
| 515.00
| 515.00
| 1,198.45
|-
|-
| [[Nameri National Park| Nameri]]
| [[Nameri National Park| Nameri]]
| 1999–2000
| 1999–2000
| [[Assam]]
| [[Assam]]
| 5
| 3
| 3
| 320.00
| 320.00
| 144.00
| 144.00
| 464.00
|-
|-
| [[Satpura Tiger Reserve| Satpura]]
| [[Satpura Tiger Reserve| Satpura]]
| 1999–2000
| 1999–2000
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 26
| 50
| 50
| 1,339.26
| 1,339.26
| 794.04
| 794.04
| 2,133.31
|-
|-
| [[Anamalai Tiger Reserve| Anamalai]]
| [[Anamalai Tiger Reserve| Anamalai]]
| 2008–09
| 2008–09
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 13
| 16
| 16
| 958.59
| 958.59
| 521.28
| 521.28
| 1,479.87
|-
|-
| [[Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary| Sitanadi]]
| [[Sitanadi Wildlife Sanctuary| Udanti Sitanadi]]
| 2008–09
| 2008–09
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
| 4
| 1
| 1
| 851.09
| 851.09
| 991.45
| 991.45
| 1,842.54
|-
|-
| [[Satkosia Tiger Reserve| Satkosia]]
| [[Satkosia Tiger Reserve| Satkosia]]
| 2008–09
| 2008–09
| [[Odisha]]
| [[Odisha]]
| 0
| 1
| 3
| 523.61
| 523.61
| 440.26
| 440.26
| 963.87
|-
|-
| [[Kaziranga National Park| Kaziranga]]
| [[Kaziranga National Park| Kaziranga]]
| 2008–09
| 2008–09
| [[Assam]]
| [[Assam]]
| 103
| 104
| 104
| 625.58
| 625.58
| 548.00
| 548.00
| 1,173.58
|-
|-
| [[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary| Achanakmar]]
| [[Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary| Achanakmar]]
| 2008–09
| 2008–09
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
| [[Chhattisgarh]]
| 11
| 5
| 5
| 626.19
| 626.19
| 287.82
| 287.82
| 914.02
|-
|-
| [[Kali Tiger Reserve| Kali]]
| [[Kali Tiger Reserve| Dandeli-Anshi]]
| 2008–09
| 2008–09
| [[Karnataka]]
| [[Karnataka]]
| 5
| 17
| 17
| 814.88
| 814.88
| 282.63
| 282.63
| 1,097.51
|-
|-
| [[Sanjay National Park| Sanjay Dhubri]]
| [[Sanjay National Park| Sanjay Dhubri]]
| 2008–09
| 2008–09
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| 8
| 16
| 16
| 812.57
| 812.57
| 861.93
| 861.93
| 1,674.50
|-
|-
| [[Mudumalai National Park| Mudumalai]]
| [[Mudumalai National Park| Mudumalai]]
| 2007
| 2007
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 103
| 114
| 114
| 321.00
| 321.00
| 367.59
| 367.59
| 688.59
|-
|-
| [[Nagarhole National Park| Nagarhole]]
| [[Nagarhole National Park| Nagarhole]]
| 2008–09
| 2008–09
| [[Karnataka]]
| [[Karnataka]]
| 101
| 141
| 141
| 643.35
| 643.35
| 562.41
| 562.41
| 1,205.76
|-
|-
| [[Parambikulam Tiger Reserve| Parambikulam]]
| [[Parambikulam Tiger Reserve| Parambikulam]]
| 2008–09
| 2008–09
| [[Kerala]]
| [[Kerala]]
| 19
| 31
| 31
| 390.89
| 390.89
| 252.77
| 252.77
| 643.66
|-
|-
| [[Sahyadri Tiger Reserve| Sahyadri]]
| [[Sahyadri Tiger Reserve| Sahyadri]]
| 2009–10
| 2009–10
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 0
| 3
| 7
| 612.00
| 612.00
| 565.45
| 565.45
| 1,165.57
|-
|-
| [[Biligiriranga Hills|Biligiri Ranganatha Temple]]
| [[Biligiriranga Hills|Biligiri Ranganatha]]
| 2010–11
| 2010–11
| [[Karnataka]]
| [[Karnataka]]
| 68
| 37
| 37
| 359.10
| 359.10
| 215.72
| 215.72
| 574.82
|-
|-
| [[Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary| Kawal]]
| [[Kawal Wildlife Sanctuary| Kawal]]
| 2012–13
| 2012–13
| [[Telangana]]
| [[Telangana]]
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 892.23
| 892.23
| 1,123.21
| 1,123.21
| 2,015.44
|-
|-
| [[Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary| Sathyamangalam]]
| [[Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary| Sathyamangalam]]
| 2013–14
| 2013–14
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 72
| 85
| 85
| 793.49
| 793.49
| 614.91
| 614.91
| 1,408.40
|-
|-
| [[Mukandra Hills Tiger Reserve| Mukandra Hills]]
| [[Mukandra Hills Tiger Reserve| Mukandra Hills]]
Line 316: Line 402:
| [[Rajasthan]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| 1
| 1
| 3
| 717.17
| 717.17
| 342.82
| 342.82
| 759.99
|-
|-
| [[Navegaon National Park| Nawegaon]]
| [[Navegaon National Park| Nawegaon Nagzira]]
| 2013–14
| 2013–14
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 7
| 11
| 11
| 653.67
| 653.67
| 1,241.27
| 1,241.27
| 1,894.94
|-
|-
| [[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve| Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam]]
| [[Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve| Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam]]
| 1982–83
| 1982–83
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| 74
| 58
| 58
| 2,595.72
| 2,595.72
| 700.59
| 700.59
| 3,296.31
|-
|-
| [[Amrabad]]
| [[Amrabad]]
| 2014
| 2014
| [[Telangana]]
| [[Telangana]]
| 7
| 12
| 12
| 2,611.4
| 2,611.4
| 445.02
| 445.02
| 2,611.39
|-
|-
| [[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve| Pilibhit]]
| [[Pilibhit Tiger Reserve| Pilibhit]]
| 2014
| 2014
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| 65
| 63
| 63
| 602.79
| 602.79
| 127.45
| 127.45
| 730.25
|-
|-
| [[Bor Wildlife Sanctuary| Bor]]
| [[Bor Wildlife Sanctuary| Bor]]
| 2014
| 2014
| [[Maharashtra]]
| [[Maharashtra]]
| 5
| 9
| 9
| 138.12
| 138.12
| 678.15
| 678.15
| 816.27
|-
|-
| [[Rajaji National Park| Rajaji]]
| [[Rajaji National Park| Rajaji]]
| 2015
| 2015
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| [[Uttarakhand]]
| 38
| 54
| 54
| 819.54
| 819.54
| 255.63
| 255.63
| 1075.17
|-
|-
| [[Orang National Park| Orang]]
| [[Orang National Park| Orang]]
| 2016
| 2016
| [[Assam]]
| [[Assam]]
| 16
| 16
| 21
| 79.28
| 79.28
| 413.18
| 413.18
| 492.46
|-
|-
| [[Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary| Kamlang]]
| [[Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary| Kamlang]]
| 2016
| 2016
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
| 0
| 4
| 6
| 771.00
| 771.00
| 112.00
| 112.00
| 783.00
|-
|-
| [[Srivilliputhur - Megamalai (High wavy Mountains) Tiger Reserve| Srivilliputhur–Megamalai]]
| [[Srivilliputhur - Megamalai (High wavy Mountains) Tiger Reserve| Srivilliputhur – Megamalai]]
| 2021
| 2021
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| [[Tamil Nadu]]
| 14
| 12
| 12
| 641.86
| 641.86
| 374.70
| 374.70
| 1,016.57
|-
|-
| [[Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary| Ramgarh Vishdhari]]
| [[Ramgarh Vishdhari Wildlife Sanctuary| Ramgarh Vishdhari]]
| 2022
| 2022
| [[Rajasthan]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| 35
| 1
| 1
| 481.90
| 481.90
| 1,019.98
| 1,019.98
| 1,501.89
|-
|-
| [[Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary| Ranipur]]
| [[Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary]]
| 2022
| 2022
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| [[Uttar Pradesh]]
| Reserve didn't exist
| NA
| 3
| 230.31
| 230.31
| 299.05
| 299.05
| 529.36
|-
|-
| [[Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary| Veerangana Durgavati]]
| [[Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary|Veerangana Durgavati]]
| 2023
| 2023
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| [[Madhya Pradesh]]
| Reserve didn't exist
| NA
| 12
| 1,414.00
| 1,414.00
| 925.12
| 925.12
| 2,339.12
|-
|-
| [[Karauli| Dholpur-Karauli]]
| [[Karauli|Karauli Tiger Reserve]]
| 2023
| 2023
| [[Rajasthan]]
| [[Rajasthan]]
| Reserve didn't exist
| NA
| 53
| 599.64
| 599.64
| 0
| 475.36
| 1,075.00
|-
|-
|}
|}

*[[Amangarh Tiger Reserve]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] is a [[buffer zone]] of [[Jim Corbett National Park]] and may not be regarded as a separate tiger reserve. It has a buffer zone of {{cvt| 80.6| km2}} but no core area of critical tiger habitat.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Tiger Reserves| url=https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_tigerreserves| access-date=9 January 2021| publisher=Wildlife Institute of India}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title=Tiger Reserves| url=https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2| access-date=19 January 2021| publisher=National Tiger Conservation Authority}}</ref>
* '''Note''' that [[Amangarh Tiger Reserve]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] is a [[buffer zone]] of [[Jim Corbett National Park]],<ref>{{Cite web| title=National Tiger Conservation Authority| url=https://ntca.gov.in/tiger-reserves/#tiger-reserves-2| access-date=2021-09-19| website=ntca.gov.in}}</ref> and may not be regarded as a separate tiger reserve. It has a buffer zone of {{cvt| 80.6| km2}} but no core area of critical tiger habitat.<ref>{{Cite web| title=Tiger Reserves| url=https://wii.gov.in/nwdc_tigerreserves| access-date=2021-09-19| website=Wildlife Institute of India}}</ref>
* '''Note''' that designation of Guru Ghasidas - Tamor Pingla National Park as a Tiger Reserve was paused by [[Chhattisgarh]] State Government in July 2023.<ref>{{Cite web | date=2023-08-23 | title=54 Tiger Reserves in India - Map & List - gkinsights.com | url=https://gkinsights.com/53-tiger-reserves-in-india/#note1 | access-date=2023-08-29 | language=en-US}}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 15:11, 19 April 2024

The tiger reserves in India were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves. As of 2023, there were 3,682 wild tigers in India, which is almost 75% of the world's wild tiger population.

Goal

As per the section 38 of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, the state governments are responsible preparing a Tiger Conservation Plan which includes planning and management of notified areas and maintaining the requisite competent staff to ensure the protection of the tiger reserve and providing inputs for maintaining a viable population of tigers, co-predators and prey animals.[1][2]

Tiger population

State wise tiger population (2018)

In 2006, it was estimated that there were 1,411 tigers living in the wild, the lowest ever recorded.[3] The 2010 National Tiger Assessment estimated the total population of wild tigers in India at 1,706. As per Ministry of Environment and Forests, the wild tiger population in India stood at 2,226 in 2014 with an increase of 30.5% since the 2010 estimate.[4] In 2018, according to the National Tiger Conservation Authority, there were an estimated 2,967 wild tigers in existence in India. The wild tiger population increased to 3,682 as of 2022.[5] As India is home to majority of the global wild tiger population, the increase in population of tigers in India played a major role in driving up global populations as well; the number of wild tigers globally rose from 3,159 in 2010 to 3,890 in 2016 according to World Wildlife Fund and Global Tiger Forum.[6]

Tiger reserves

Tiger reserves were set up as a part of Project Tiger initiated in 1973 and are administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority of Government of India. Tiger reserves consist of a core area which includes part(s) of protected areas such as a national park or a wildlife sanctuary and a buffer zone which is a mix of forested and non-forested land. Project tiger is aimed at performing the necessary activities to ensure viability of tiger population in the core area and to promote a balance between the existence of people and animals in the buffer zones.[7]

In 1973, nine protected areas were initially designated as tiger reserves. By the late 1980s, the initial nine reserves covering an area of 9,115 km2 (3,519 sq mi) had been increased to 15 reserves covering an area of 24,700 km2 (9,500 sq mi). More than 1100 tigers were estimated to inhabit the reserves by 1984.[8] By 1997, 23 tiger reserves encompassed an area of 33,000 km2 (13,000 sq mi).[9] As of March 2024, there are 55 protected areas that have been designated as tiger reserves.[1]

List of tiger reserves

Tiger Reserve[10] Year of creation State Population of tigers, 2018 Population of tigers, 2023 Area (km2)
Core buffer Total
Bandipur 1973–74 Karnataka 120 150 868.63 584.06 1,456.3
Jim Corbett 1973–74 Uttarakhand 216 260 1,318.54 466.32 1,288.31
Kanha 1973–74 Madhya Pradesh 80 105 917.43 1,134.36 2,051.79
Manas 1973–74 Assam 11 58 526.22 2,310.88 2,837.10
Melghat 1973–74 Maharashtra 25 57 1,500.49 1,268.03 2,768.52
Palamau 1973–74 Jharkhand 3 1 414.08 715.85 1,129.93
Ranthambore 1973–74 Rajasthan 37 57 1,333.36 297.92 1,411.29
Similipal 1973–74 Odisha 9 16 1,194.75 1,555.25 2,750.00
Sunderbans 1973–74 West Bengal 96 100 1,699.62 885.27 2,584.89
Periyar 1978–79 Kerala 20 30 881.00 44.00 925.00
Sariska 1978–79 Rajasthan 9 19 881.11 332.23 1,213.34
Buxa 1982–83 West Bengal 2 1 390.58 367.32 757.90
Indravati 1982–83 Chhattisgarh 12 1 1,258.37 1,540.70 2,799.07
Namdapha 1982–83 Arunachal Pradesh 11 1 1,807.82 245.00 2,052.82
Dudhwa 1987–88 Uttar Pradesh 58 135 1,093.79 1,107.98 2,201.77
Kalakad-Mundanthurai 1988–89 Tamil Nadu 10 5 895.00 706.54 1,601.54
Valmiki 1989–90 Bihar 40 54 598.45 300.93 899.38
Pench-MP 1992–93 Madhya Pradesh 43 77 411.33 768.30 1,179.63
Tadoba-Andhari 1993–94 Maharashtra 115 97 625.82 1,101.77 1,727.59
Bandhavgarh 1993–94 Madhya Pradesh 63 135 716.9 820.03 1,536.93
Panna 1994–95 Madhya Pradesh 17 55 576.13 1,021.97 1,598.10
Dampa 1994–95 Mizoram data not available data not available 500.00 488.00 988.00
Bhadra 1998–99 Karnataka 22 28 492.46 571.83 1,064.29
Pench-MH 1998–99 Maharashtra 35 48 257.26 483.96 741.22
Pakke 1999–2000 Arunachal Pradesh 7 6 683.45 515.00 1,198.45
Nameri 1999–2000 Assam 5 3 320.00 144.00 464.00
Satpura 1999–2000 Madhya Pradesh 26 50 1,339.26 794.04 2,133.31
Anamalai 2008–09 Tamil Nadu 13 16 958.59 521.28 1,479.87
Udanti Sitanadi 2008–09 Chhattisgarh 4 1 851.09 991.45 1,842.54
Satkosia 2008–09 Odisha 1 3 523.61 440.26 963.87
Kaziranga 2008–09 Assam 103 104 625.58 548.00 1,173.58
Achanakmar 2008–09 Chhattisgarh 11 5 626.19 287.82 914.02
Dandeli-Anshi 2008–09 Karnataka 5 17 814.88 282.63 1,097.51
Sanjay Dhubri 2008–09 Madhya Pradesh 8 16 812.57 861.93 1,674.50
Mudumalai 2007 Tamil Nadu 103 114 321.00 367.59 688.59
Nagarhole 2008–09 Karnataka 101 141 643.35 562.41 1,205.76
Parambikulam 2008–09 Kerala 19 31 390.89 252.77 643.66
Sahyadri 2009–10 Maharashtra 3 7 612.00 565.45 1,165.57
Biligiri Ranganatha 2010–11 Karnataka 68 37 359.10 215.72 574.82
Kawal 2012–13 Telangana 1 1 892.23 1,123.21 2,015.44
Sathyamangalam 2013–14 Tamil Nadu 72 85 793.49 614.91 1,408.40
Mukandra Hills 2013–14 Rajasthan 1 3 717.17 342.82 759.99
Nawegaon Nagzira 2013–14 Maharashtra 7 11 653.67 1,241.27 1,894.94
Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam 1982–83 Andhra Pradesh 74 58 2,595.72 700.59 3,296.31
Amrabad 2014 Telangana 7 12 2,611.4 445.02 2,611.39
Pilibhit 2014 Uttar Pradesh 65 63 602.79 127.45 730.25
Bor 2014 Maharashtra 5 9 138.12 678.15 816.27
Rajaji 2015 Uttarakhand 38 54 819.54 255.63 1075.17
Orang 2016 Assam 16 21 79.28 413.18 492.46
Kamlang 2016 Arunachal Pradesh 4 6 771.00 112.00 783.00
Srivilliputhur – Megamalai 2021 Tamil Nadu 14 12 641.86 374.70 1,016.57
Ramgarh Vishdhari 2022 Rajasthan 35 1 481.90 1,019.98 1,501.89
Ranipur Wildlife Sanctuary 2022 Uttar Pradesh Reserve didn't exist 3 230.31 299.05 529.36
Veerangana Durgavati 2023 Madhya Pradesh Reserve didn't exist 12 1,414.00 925.12 2,339.12
Karauli Tiger Reserve 2023 Rajasthan Reserve didn't exist 53 599.64 475.36 1,075.00

References

  1. ^ a b Tiger reserves (Report). National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Project Tiger" (PDF). Government of India. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  3. ^ "India's tiger population sees 33% increase". BBC. 2019.
  4. ^ "Tiger Estimate in India" (PDF). Public Information Brochure. Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. 28 March 2011. p. 9. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
  5. ^ Qureshi, Q.; Jhala, Y. V.; Yadav, S. P. & Mallick, A. (2023). Status of tigers, co-predators and prey in India 2022 (PDF) (Report). New Delhi, Dehradun: National Tiger Conservation Authority & Wildlife Institute of India.
  6. ^ "2967 – What the new global Tiger number means". WWF. 2016.
  7. ^ "Project Tiger". National Tiger Conservation Authority. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  8. ^ Panwar, H. S. (1987). "Project Tiger: The reserves, the tigers, and their future". In Tilson, R. L.; Sel, U. S. (eds.). Tigers of the world: the biology, biopolitics, management, and conservation of an endangered species. Park Ridge, N.J.: Minnesota Zoological Garden, IUCN/SSC Captive Breeding Group, IUCN/SSC Cat Specialist Group. pp. 110–117. ISBN 978-0-815-51133-5.
  9. ^ Thapar, V. (1999). "The tragedy of the Indian tiger: starting from scratch". In Seidensticker, J.; Christie, S.; Jackson, P. (eds.). Riding the Tiger. Tiger Conservation in human-dominated landscapes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 296–306. ISBN 0-521-64057-1.
  10. ^ https://ntca.gov.in/about-us/#tiger-reserves-2
  11. ^ "National Tiger Conservation Authority". ntca.gov.in. Retrieved 2021-09-19.
  12. ^ "Tiger Reserves". Wildlife Institute of India. Retrieved 2021-09-19.
  13. ^ "54 Tiger Reserves in India - Map & List - gkinsights.com". 2023-08-23. Retrieved 2023-08-29.
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