Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani: Difference between revisions
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| denomination = [[Sunni]] |
| denomination = [[Sunni]] |
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| jurisprudence = [[Shafi'i]]| |
| jurisprudence = [[Shafi'i]]| |
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| creed = [[ |
| creed = [[Ath'ari]]<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Namira Nahouza]]|title=Wahhabism and the Rise of the New Salafists: Theology, Power and Sunni Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nyaODwAAQBAJ|date=2018|publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]]|isbn=9781838609832|pages=121–122|access-date=2021-01-12|archive-date=2021-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007201321/https://books.google.com/books?id=nyaODwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://almostaneer.com/ebooks/أهل-السنة-الأشاعرة-شهادة-علماء-الأمة-و/أكابر-محدثى-الأمة-وحفاظها-وأكابر-فقها/|title=Ahl al-Sunna: The Ash'aris - The Testimony and Proofs of the Scholars|language=Arabic|website=almostaneer.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128040753/https://almostaneer.com/ebooks/أهل-السنة-الأشاعرة-شهادة-علماء-الأمة-و/أكابر-محدثى-الأمة-وحفاظها-وأكابر-فقها|archive-date=28 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Bennett|first1=Clinton|authorlink=Clinton Bennett|title=The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Academic]]|date=15 January 2015|isbn=9781472586902|page=128}}</ref> |
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| influenced = [[Al-Sakhawi]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Salmān | first1=Mashhūr Ḥasan Maḥmūd| last2=Shuqayrāt| first2=Aḥmad Ṣidqī | title=Muʼallafāt al-Sakhāwī : al-ʻAllāmah al-Ḥāfiẓ Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sakhāwī, 831-902 H |publisher=Dār Ibn Ḥazm |year = 1998|page=18 |chapter=Tarjamat al-musannif| name-list-style=amp}}</ref> <br /> [[Zakariyya al-Ansari]] <br /> [[Al-Suyuti]] |
| influenced = [[Al-Sakhawi]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Salmān | first1=Mashhūr Ḥasan Maḥmūd| last2=Shuqayrāt| first2=Aḥmad Ṣidqī | title=Muʼallafāt al-Sakhāwī : al-ʻAllāmah al-Ḥāfiẓ Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sakhāwī, 831-902 H |publisher=Dār Ibn Ḥazm |year = 1998|page=18 |chapter=Tarjamat al-musannif| name-list-style=amp}}</ref> <br /> [[Zakariyya al-Ansari]] <br /> [[Al-Suyuti]] |
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Revision as of 08:35, 22 April 2024
Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani | |
|---|---|
ابن حجر العسقلاني | |
._Cairo,_Egypt_%C2%A9_Fouad_Gehad_Marei_(2009).jpg) Tomb of Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani in Cairo | |
| Title | Shaykh al-Islam Hafiz |
| Personal | |
| Born | 18 February 1372 |
| Died | 2 February 1449 (aged 76)[4] Cairo, Mamluk Sultanate |
| Resting place | City of the Dead, Cairo, Egypt |
| Religion | Islam |
| Era | |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Shafi'i |
| Creed | Ath'ari[1][2][3] |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced | |
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī (Template:Lang-ar;[a] 18 February 1372 – 2 February 1449 CE / 773 – 852 A.H.), or simply Ibn Ḥajar,[4] was a classic Islamic scholar "whose life work constitutes the final summation of the science of hadith."[6] He authored some 150 works on hadith, history, biography, exegesis, poetry, and Shafi'i jurisprudence, the most valued of which being his commentary of Sahih al-Bukhari, titled Fath al-Bari.[7] He is known by the honorific epithets Hafiz al-Asr (Hafiz of the Time), Shaykh al-Islam (Shaykh of Islam), and Amir al-Mu'minin fi al-Hadith (Leader of the Believers in Hadith).[8]
Early life
He was born in Cairo in 1372, the son of the Shafi'i scholar and poet Nur ad-Din 'Ali. His parents had moved from Alexandria, originally hailing from Ascalon (Template:Lang-ar, ʿAsqalān).[9] "Ibn Hajar" was the nickname of one of his ancestors, which was extended to his children and grandchildren and became his most prominent title. His father, Ali bin Muhammad Asqalani, was also a scholar, and for a while, he was the deputy of Ibn Aqeel Baha'udin, Abu Muhammad Abdullah bin Abdur Rahman Shafi'i. He was also a poet and had several diwans and was allowed to give fatwas .[10] Both of his parents died in his infancy, and he and his sister, Sitt ar-Rakb, became wards of his father's first wife's brother, Zaki ad-Din al-Kharrubi, who enrolled Ibn Hajar in Qur'anic studies when he was five years old. Here he excelled, learning Surah Maryam in a single day and memorising the entire Qur'an by the age of 9.[11] He progressed to the memorization of texts such as the abridged version of Ibn al-Hajib's work on the foundations of fiqh.
Education
When he accompanied al-Kharrubi to Mecca at the age of 12, he was considered competent to lead the Tarawih prayers during Ramadan. When his guardian died in 1386, Ibn Hajar's education in Egypt was entrusted to hadith scholar Shams ad-Din ibn al-Qattan, who entered him in the courses given by Sirajud-Din al-Bulqini (d. 1404) and Siraj al-Din al-Mulaqqin (d. 1402) in Shafi'i fiqh, and Zain al-Din al-'Iraqi (d. 1404) in hadith, after which he travelled to Damascus and Jerusalem, to study under Shamsud-Din al-Qalqashandi (d. 1407), Badr al-Din al-Balisi (d. 1401), and Fatima bint al-Manja at-Tanukhiyya (d. 1401). After a further visit to Mecca, Medina, and Yemen, he returned to Egypt. Al-Suyuti said: "It is said that he drank Zamzam water in order to reach the level of adh-Dhahabi in memorization—which he succeeded in doing, even surpassing him."[12]
Personal life
In 1397, at the age of twenty-five, Al-'Asqalani married the celebrated hadith expert Uns Khatun, who held ijazat from 'Abdur-Rahim al-'Iraqi and gave public lectures to crowds of 'ulama', including as-Sakhawi.[13][14]
Positions
Ibn Hajar went on to be appointed to the position of Egyptian chief-judge (Qadi) several times. He had a scholarly rivalry with the Hanafi scholar Badr al-Din al-Ayni.[15]
Death
Ibn Hajar died after 'Isha' (night prayer) on 8th Dhul-Hijjah 852 (2 February 1449), aged 79. An estimated 50,000 people attended his funeral in Cairo, including Sultan Sayfud-Din Jaqmaq (1373–1453 CE) and Caliph of Cairo Al-Mustakfi II (r. 1441–1451 CE).[7]
Works
Ibn Hajar wrote approximately 150 works[16] on hadith, hadith terminology, biographical evaluation, history, tafsir, poetry and Shafi'i jurisprudence.
- Fath al-Bari – ibn Hajar's commentary of Sahih al-Bukhari's Jamiʿ al-Sahih (817/1414), completed an unfinished work begun by ibn Rajab in the 1390s. It became the most celebrated and highly regarded work on the author. Celebrations near Cairo on its publication (Rajab 842 AH / December 1428 CE) were described by historian Muhammad ibn Iyas (d.930 AH), as "the greatest of the age". Many of Egypt's leading dignitaries were among the crowds, ibn Hajar himself gave readings, poets gave eulogies and gold was distributed.
Jaques focuses on the most widely read of Ibn Hajar's works—the commentary on the greatest compilation of hadiths, Sahih al-Bukhari, and his history of the Mamluks—and explains how he drew on the theories, ideas, and aspirations of the preceding centuries of Islamic scholarship to project an enduring solution to the crises of his time.[17]
- al-Isaba fi tamyiz al-Sahaba – the most comprehensive dictionary of the Companions of the Prophet.
- Merits of the Plague (بذل الماعون في أخبار الطاعون, a discussion of the Black Death and meditations on illness and the Divine, which contains excerpts from Fatḥ al-Bārī
- al-Durar al-Kāminah – a biographical dictionary of leading figures of the eighth century.
- al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal – an abbreviation of Tahdhib al-Kamal, the encyclopedia of hadith narrators by Jamal al-Din al-Mizzi
- Taqrib al-Tahdhib – the abridgement of Tahthib al-Tahthib.
- Ta'jil al-Manfa'ah – biographies of the narrators of the Musnads of the four Imams, not found in at-Tahthib.
- Bulugh al-Maram – on hadith used in Shafi'i fiqh.
- Nata'ij al-Afkar fi Takhrij Ahadith al-Adhkar
- Lisan al-Mizan – a reworking of Mizan al-'Itidal by al-Dhahabi, which in turn is a reworking of an earlier work.[18]
- Talkhis al-Habir fi Takhrij al-Rafiʿi al-Kabir
- al-Diraya fi Takhrij Ahadith al-Hidaya
- Taghliq al-Taʿliq ʿala Sahih al-Bukhari
- Risala Tadhkirat al-Athar
- al-Matalib al-ʿAliya bi Zawa'id al-Masanid al-Thamaniya
- Nukhbat al-Fikar along with his explanation of it entitled Nuzhah al-Nathr in hadith terminology
- al-Nukat ala Kitab ibn al-Salah – commentary of the Muqaddimah of ibn al-Salah
- al-Qawl al-Musaddad fi Musnad Ahmad a discussion of hadith of disputed authenticity in the Musnad of Ahmad
- Silsilat al-Dhahab
- Taʿrif Ahl al-Taqdis bi Maratib al-Mawsufin bi al-Tadlis
- Raf' al-isr 'an qudat Misr – a biographical dictionary of Egyptian judges. Partial French translation in Mathieu Tillier, Vie des cadis de Misr. Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale, 2002.[19]
See also
- List of Ash'aris and Maturidis
- Nur al-Din Ali ibn Da'ud al-Jawhari al-Sayrafi, a student of his
Notes
- ^ Full name: Shihāb al-Dīn Abū al-Faḍl Aḥmad ibn Nūr al-Dīn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī al-Kināni
References
- ^ Namira Nahouza (2018). Wahhabism and the Rise of the New Salafists: Theology, Power and Sunni Islam. I.B. Tauris. pp. 121–122. ISBN 9781838609832. Archived from the original on 2021-10-07. Retrieved 2021-01-12.
- ^ "Ahl al-Sunna: The Ash'aris - The Testimony and Proofs of the Scholars". almostaneer.com (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 28 January 2021.
- ^ Bennett, Clinton (15 January 2015). The Bloomsbury Companion to Islamic Studies. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 128. ISBN 9781472586902.
- ^ a b "USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts". Usc.edu. Archived from the original on 2006-08-29. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ^ Salmān, Mashhūr Ḥasan Maḥmūd & Shuqayrāt, Aḥmad Ṣidqī (1998). "Tarjamat al-musannif". Muʼallafāt al-Sakhāwī : al-ʻAllāmah al-Ḥāfiẓ Muḥammad ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān al-Sakhāwī, 831-902 H. Dār Ibn Ḥazm. p. 18.
- ^ Rosenthal, F. (1913). Encyclopedia of Islam: New Edition. Brill. p. 776.
- ^ a b Ludwig W. Adamec (2009), Historical Dictionary of Islam, p.136. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0810861615.
- ^ zaryab khoii, abbas. "Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani". Encyclopaedia Islamica.
- ^ Noegel, Scott B. (2010). The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism. Wheeler, Brannon M. Lanham: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-1-4617-1895-6. OCLC 863824465. Archived from the original on 2020-06-15. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
- ^ zaryab khuii, abbas. "Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani". Encyclopaedia Islamica.
- ^ Lewis, B.; Menage, V.L.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. (1986) [1st. pub. 1971]. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. III (H-Iram) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 776. ISBN 9004081186.
- ^ Thail Tabaqaat al-Huffaath, pg. 251.
- ^ "Imam Ibn Hajar Al Asqalani". Tauhidahmed. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
- ^ "Imam Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani". Nur.nu. Retrieved May 4, 2023.
- ^ Al-'Ayni, 'Iqd al-Jumān, 372.
- ^ Kifayat Ullah, Al-Kashshaf: Al-Zamakhshari's Mu'tazilite Exegesis of the Qur'an, de Gruyter (2017), p. 40
- ^ Kevin Jaques, R. "Ibn Hajar". Oxford center for Islamic studies.
- ^ al-Dhahabi. Siyar A'lam al-Nubala'. Vol. 16. p. 154.
- ^ Ibn Ḥajar al-ʻAsqalānī, Aḥmad ibn ʻAlī (2002). Vies des cadis de Miṣr, 237/851-366/976. Mathieu Tillier, Thierry Bianquis. Le Caire: Institut français d'archéologie orientale. ISBN 2-7247-0327-8. OCLC 52493823. Archived from the original on 2022-07-08. Retrieved 2022-01-29.
External links
- Biodata at MuslimScholars.info
- Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani and his Commentary
- Books by Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani
- 1372 births
- 1449 deaths
- 14th-century Arab people
- 15th-century Arab people
- Asharis
- Hadith scholars
- Shaykh al-Islāms
- Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
- Sunni imams
- Shafi'i fiqh scholars
- 14th-century Egyptian judges
- Egyptian imams
- Scholars from the Mamluk Sultanate
- 15th-century Egyptian judges
- 15th-century writers
- Biographical evaluation scholars
- Critics of Ibn Arabi
- People from Ascalon
- 14th-century Egyptian people