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'''''Abelia''''' {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|b|iː|l|i|ə}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Sunset Western Garden Book|year=1995|pages=606–607}}</ref> is a genus of flowering plants in the honeysuckle [[family (biology)|family]], [[Caprifoliaceae]]. The genus currently includes six species native to China, Taiwan, and Vietnam.<ref name = powo/>
'''''Abelia''''' {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|b|iː|l|i|ə}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Sunset Western Garden Book|year=1995|pages=606–607}}</ref> is a genus of flowering plants in the honeysuckle [[family (biology)|family]], [[Caprifoliaceae]]. The genus currently includes six species native to China, Taiwan, and Vietnam.<ref name = powo/>


The [[genus]] previously contained about 30 species and [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]]. [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies showed that the genus was not [[Monophyly|monophyletic]]. In 2013, [[Maarten J. M. Christenhusz|Maarten Christenhusz]] proposed the merger of ''Abelia'' (excluding section ''Zabelia'') into ''[[Linnaea]]'', along with some other genera, and the majority of ''Abelia'' species were transferred to ''Linnaea''. ''Abelia'' section ''Zabelia'' was raised to the genus ''[[Zabelia]]''.<ref name=Chri13/><ref name = powo/>
The [[genus]] previously contained about 30 species and [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrids]]. [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies showed that the genus was not [[Monophyly|monophyletic]]. In 2013, [[Maarten J. M. Christenhusz|Maarten Christenhusz]] proposed the merger of ''Abelia'' (excluding section ''Zabelia'') into ''[[Linnaea]]'', along with some other genera.<ref name=Chri13/> ''Abelia'' section ''Zabelia'' was raised to the genus ''[[Zabelia]]'',<ref name=Chri13/> and the majority of ''Abelia'' species were transferred to other genera, including ''[[Diabelia]]'', ''[[Lonicera]]'', and ''[[Vesalea]]''.<ref name = powo/>


==Description==
==Description==
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The generic name commemorates [[Clarke Abel]], a keen naturalist who accompanied [[William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst#Ambassador extraordinary to China|Lord Amherst's unsuccessful embassy to China]] in 1816 as a surgeon, under the sponsorship of [[Sir Joseph Banks]]. All of Abel's seeds and plants were lost in a shipwreck on the homeward voyage, however; living plants of ''Abelia chinensis'' (now ''[[Linnaea chinensis]]'') were first imported to England in 1844 by [[Robert Fortune]].<ref>Alice M. Coats, ''Garden Shrubs and Their Histories'' (1964), 1992, ''s.v.'' "Abelia".</ref>
The generic name commemorates [[Clarke Abel]], a keen naturalist who accompanied [[William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst#Ambassador extraordinary to China|Lord Amherst's unsuccessful embassy to China]] in 1816 as a surgeon, under the sponsorship of [[Sir Joseph Banks]]. All of Abel's seeds and plants were lost in a shipwreck on the homeward voyage, however; living plants of ''Abelia chinensis'' (now ''[[Linnaea chinensis]]'') were first imported to England in 1844 by [[Robert Fortune]].<ref>Alice M. Coats, ''Garden Shrubs and Their Histories'' (1964), 1992, ''s.v.'' "Abelia".</ref>


Some species placed in ''Abelia'' were transferred to ''[[Linnaea]]'' at various times from 1872 onwards, but these transfers were not accepted by most botanists. [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies showed that a number of genera traditionally placed in the tribe Linnaeeae were closely related, but that ''Abelia'' was not monophyletic, even with ''Abelia'' section ''Zabelia'' split off as a separate genus ''[[Zabelia]]''. In 2013, [[Maarten J. M. Christenhusz|Maarten Christenhusz]] proposed that ''Abelia'' and related genera be merged into ''Linnaea''.<ref name=Chri13/> [[Plants of the World Online]] currently accepts the transfer of the majority of species to ''Linnaea'', with six Asian species remaining in the genus.<ref name = powo/><ref name=iNat/>
Some species placed in ''Abelia'' were transferred to ''[[Linnaea]]'' at various times from 1872 onwards, but these transfers were not accepted by most botanists. [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies showed that a number of genera traditionally placed in the tribe Linnaeeae were closely related, but that ''Abelia'' was not monophyletic, even with ''Abelia'' section ''Zabelia'' split off as a separate genus ''[[Zabelia]]''. In 2013, [[Maarten J. M. Christenhusz|Maarten Christenhusz]] proposed that ''Abelia'' and related genera be merged into ''Linnaea''.<ref name=Chri13/> [[Plants of the World Online]] currently accepts the transfer of the majority of species to other genera, with six Asian species remaining in the genus.<ref name = powo/>


==Allergenicity==
==Allergenicity==
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{{Reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=Chri13>{{Citation |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J.M. |date=2013 |title=Twins are not alone: a recircumscription of Linnaea (Caprifoliaceae) |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=125 |issue=1 |pages=25–32 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.125.1.4 |citeseerx=10.1.1.397.846 |s2cid=86036432 }}</ref>
<ref name=Chri13>{{Citation |last1=Christenhusz |first1=Maarten J.M. |date=2013 |title=Twins are not alone: a recircumscription of Linnaea (Caprifoliaceae) |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=125 |issue=1 |pages=25–32 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.125.1.4 |citeseerx=10.1.1.397.846 |s2cid=86036432 }}</ref>

<ref name=POWO_Abelia>{{citation |title=''Abelia'' |work=Plants of the World Online |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/results?q=Abelia |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |accessdate=2018-01-23 }}</ref>

<ref name=iNat>{{cite web |title=Beauty bush (''Linnaea amabilis'') |work=iNaturalist |publisher=California Academy of Sciences |url=https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/472975-Linnaea-amabilis |accessdate=2018-01-22}}</ref>
}}
}}


Revision as of 15:57, 26 April 2024

Abelia
Abelia chinensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Dipsacales
Family: Caprifoliaceae
Subfamily: Linnaeoideae
Genus: Abelia
R.Br. (1818)
Species[1]

Abelia /əˈbiːliə/[2] is a genus of flowering plants in the honeysuckle family, Caprifoliaceae. The genus currently includes six species native to China, Taiwan, and Vietnam.[1]

The genus previously contained about 30 species and hybrids. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that the genus was not monophyletic. In 2013, Maarten Christenhusz proposed the merger of Abelia (excluding section Zabelia) into Linnaea, along with some other genera.[3] Abelia section Zabelia was raised to the genus Zabelia,[3] and the majority of Abelia species were transferred to other genera, including Diabelia, Lonicera, and Vesalea.[1]

Description

Species of Abelia are shrubs from 1–6 m tall. Species from warm climates are evergreen, and colder climate species deciduous. The leaves are opposite or in whorls of three, ovate, glossy, dark green, 1.5–8 cm long, turning purplish-bronze to red in autumn in the deciduous species. The flowers appear in the upper leaf axils and stem ends, 1-8 together in a short cyme; they are pendulous, white to pink, bell-shaped with a five-lobed corolla, 1–5 cm long, and usually scented. Flowering continues over a long and continuous period from late spring to fall.

Some of these species are cultivated as ornamental garden plants, and may still be described as Abelia in horticultural listings. A notable example is the hybrid Abelia × grandiflora.

Taxonomy

The generic name commemorates Clarke Abel, a keen naturalist who accompanied Lord Amherst's unsuccessful embassy to China in 1816 as a surgeon, under the sponsorship of Sir Joseph Banks. All of Abel's seeds and plants were lost in a shipwreck on the homeward voyage, however; living plants of Abelia chinensis (now Linnaea chinensis) were first imported to England in 1844 by Robert Fortune.[4]

Some species placed in Abelia were transferred to Linnaea at various times from 1872 onwards, but these transfers were not accepted by most botanists. Molecular phylogenetic studies showed that a number of genera traditionally placed in the tribe Linnaeeae were closely related, but that Abelia was not monophyletic, even with Abelia section Zabelia split off as a separate genus Zabelia. In 2013, Maarten Christenhusz proposed that Abelia and related genera be merged into Linnaea.[3] Plants of the World Online currently accepts the transfer of the majority of species to other genera, with six Asian species remaining in the genus.[1]

Allergenicity

Abelia has an OPALS allergy scale rating of 5 out of 10, indicating moderate potential to cause allergic reactions, exacerbated by over-use of the same plant throughout a garden.[5] People allergic to honeysuckle may experience cross-reactive allergic reactions with Abelia.[5]

Symbolism

The Abelia is symbolic for equality in some parts of Mexico.

Species

Six species are accepted.[1]

Former species and synonyms

Species and synonyms previously placed in Abelia but now placed in other genera include:[1]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Abelia.
  1. ^ a b c d e f Abelia R.Br. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  2. ^ Sunset Western Garden Book. 1995. pp. 606–607.
  3. ^ a b c Christenhusz, Maarten J.M. (2013), "Twins are not alone: a recircumscription of Linnaea (Caprifoliaceae)", Phytotaxa, 125 (1): 25–32, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.397.846, doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.125.1.4, S2CID 86036432
  4. ^ Alice M. Coats, Garden Shrubs and Their Histories (1964), 1992, s.v. "Abelia".
  5. ^ a b Ogren, Thomas Leo (2000). Allergy-Free Gardening. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1580081665.
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