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| Oldest
| Oldest
| [[WD 0343+247]]<br>SDSS J110217.48+411315.4
| [[WD 0346+246]]
| 2012
| 2021
| 11.5 billion years
| 12 Gy (tied)
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| <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Lacki |first=Brian C. |last2=Brzycki |first2=Bryan |last3=Croft |first3=Steve |last4=Czech |first4=Daniel |last5=DeBoer |first5=David |last6=DeMarines |first6=Julia |last7=Gajjar |first7=Vishal |last8=Isaacson |first8=Howard |last9=Lebofsky |first9=Matt |last10=MacMahon |first10=David H. E. |last11=Price |first11=Danny C. |last12=Sheikh |first12=Sofia Z. |last13=Siemion |first13=Andrew P. V. |last14=Drew |first14=Jamie |last15=Worden |first15=S. Pete |date=2021-11-24 |title=One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4365/ac168a |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=257 |issue=2 |pages=42 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/ac168a |issn=0067-0049}}</ref>
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| Youngest
| Youngest
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| SDSS J0003+0718
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| 2011
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| < 13 My
| provisional estimate
| provisional estimate
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| This star is located in the Milky Way's galactic halo, in the field of the Large Magellanic Cloud
| This star is located in the Milky Way's galactic halo, in the field of the Large Magellanic Cloud
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| <ref name=ScienceDaily-2015-11-24>{{cite news |url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151124122514.htm |title= The hottest white dwarf in the Galaxy |date= 24 November 2015 |author= Universitaet Tübingen |publisher= Science Daily }}</ref><ref name=2015A&A...584A..19W>{{cite journal |title= Analysis of HST/COS spectra of the bare C–O stellar core H1504+65 and a high-velocity twin in the Galactic halo |author1=K. Werner |author2=T. Rauch |volume= 584 |publication-date= December 2015 |id= A19 |journal= Astronomy and Astrophysics |doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201527261 |bibcode= 2015A&A...584A..19W |arxiv= 1509.08942 |date= 29 September 2015 |pages=A19|s2cid=118458007 }}</ref>
| <ref name=ScienceDaily-2015-11-24>{{cite news |url= https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/11/151124122514.htm |title= The hottest white dwarf in the Galaxy |date= 24 November 2015 |author= Universitaet Tübingen |publisher= Science Daily }}</ref><ref name=2015A&A...584A..19W>{{cite journal |title= Analysis of HST/COS spectra of the bare C–O stellar core H1504+65 and a high-velocity twin in the Galactic halo |author1=K. Werner |author2=T. Rauch |volume= 584 |publication-date= December 2015 |id= A19 |journal= Astronomy and Astrophysics |doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/201527261 |bibcode= 2015A&A...584A..19W |arxiv= 1509.08942 |date= 29 September 2015 |pages=A19|s2cid=118458007 }}</ref><ref name=":0" />
|-
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| Lowest surface temperature
| Lowest surface temperature
| [[PSR J2222−0137|PSR J2222–0137]] B
| [[LSPM J1403+4533]]
| 2010
| 2021
| {{convert|2670|K|C F|lk=on}}
| {{convert|3000|K|C F|lk=on}}
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| Quite a large margin of error ({{convert|1500|K|C F|lk=off}})
|
|
| <ref name=":0" />
| <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kilic|first1=Mukremin|last2=Leggett|first2=S. K.|last3=Tremblay|first3=P. -E.|last4=von Hippel|first4=Ted|last5=Bergeron|first5=P.|last6=Harris|first6=Hugh C.|last7=Munn|first7=Jeffrey A.|last8=Williams|first8=Kurtis A.|last9=Gates|first9=Evalyn|last10=Farihi|first10=J.|date=2010-09-01|title=A Detailed Model Atmosphere Analysis of Cool White Dwarfs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApJS..190...77K|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series|volume=190|issue=1 |pages=77–99|doi=10.1088/0067-0049/190/1/77|arxiv=1007.2859 |bibcode=2010ApJS..190...77K |issn=0067-0049|hdl=2152/43067|s2cid=4571557 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>
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| Most luminous
| Most luminous
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| Least luminous
| Least luminous
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| [[PSR J2222-0137]] B
| 2014
| 2014
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| too dim to observe
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| Brightest apparent
| Brightest apparent
| Sirius
| Sirius B
| 1852
| 1852
| 8.44 (V)
| 8.44 (V)
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| Dimmest apparent
| Dimmest apparent
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| PSR J2222-0137 B
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| 2014
|
| too dim to observe
|
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|-
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| Most massive (contender)
| Most massive
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| [[ZTF J1901+1458]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-06-30 |title=A White Dwarf Living on the Edge |url=https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/a-white-dwarf-living-on-the-edge |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=California Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref>
| [[RE J0317-853]]
| 1998
| 1.35 M<sub>☉</sub>
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|
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| Most massive (contender)
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| [[ZTF J1901+1458]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-30 |title=A White Dwarf Living on the Edge |url=https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/a-white-dwarf-living-on-the-edge |access-date=2023-07-20 |website=California Institute of Technology |language=en}}</ref>
| 2020
| 2020
| 1.35 M<sub>☉</sub>
| 1.35 M<sub>☉</sub>
|
|
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|<ref name=":1" />
|-
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| Least massive
| Least massive
| [[SDSS J091709.55+463821.8]]
| [[NLTT 11748]]
| 2007
| 2007
| 0.17 M<sub>☉</sub>
| 0.13–0.16 M<sub>☉</sub>
|
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| <ref name=":0" />
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| Largest
| Largest
| [[Z Andromedae]] B
| [[Z Andromedae]] B
|
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| 0.17—0.16 {{Solar radius}}
| {{val|0.265|0.095|ul=R_solar}}
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| <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sokoloski |first=J. L. |last2=Kenyon |first2=S. J. |last3=Espey |first3=B. R. |last4=Keyes |first4=Charles D. |last5=McCandliss |first5=S. R. |last6=Kong |first6=A. K. H. |last7=Aufdenberg |first7=J. P. |last8=Filippenko |first8=A. V. |last9=Li |first9=W. |last10=Brocksopp |first10=C. |last11=Kaiser |first11=Christian R. |last12=Charles |first12=P. A. |last13=Rupen |first13=M. P. |last14=Stone |first14=R. P. S. |date=2006-01-01 |title=A ``Combination Nova'' Outburst in Z Andromedae: Nuclear Shell Burning Triggered by a Disk Instability |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ApJ...636.1002S |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=636 |pages=1002–1019 |doi=10.1086/498206 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>
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| Smallest
| Smallest

Revision as of 15:05, 3 May 2024

This is a list of exceptional white dwarf stars.

Firsts

These were the first white dwarfs discovered fitting these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
First discovered Sirius B 1852 Sirius system Sirius B is also the nearest white dwarf (as of 2005) [1][2]
First found in a binary star system
First double white dwarf system LDS 275 1944 L 462-56 system [3]
First solitary white dwarf Van Maanen 2 1917 Van Maanen's star is also the nearest solitary white dwarf [4]
First white dwarf with a planet WD B1620−26 2003 PSR B1620-26 b (planet) This planet is a circumbinary planet, which circles both stars in the PSR B1620-26 system [5][6]
First singular white dwarf with a planet WD 1145+017 2015 WD 1145+017 b Planet is extremely small and is disintegrating.
First white dwarf that is a pulsar AR Scorpii A 2016 The star is in a binary system with a red dwarf [7]

Extremes

These are the white dwarfs which are currently known to fit these conditions

Title Star Date Data Comments Notes Refs
Nearest Sirius 1852 8.6 ly (2.6 pc) Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered.
See also: § Nearest
 [1][2]
Farthest SN UDS10Wil progenitor 2013 10,000,000,000 ly z=1.914 SN Wilson is a type-Ia supernova whose progenitor was a white dwarf [8][9][10]
Oldest WD 0346+246 2021 11.5 billion years [11]
Youngest provisional estimate
Highest surface temperature RX J0439.8−6809 2015 250,000 K (250,000 °C; 450,000 °F) This star is located in the Milky Way's galactic halo, in the field of the Large Magellanic Cloud [12][13][11]
Lowest surface temperature PSR J2222–0137 B 2021 3,000 K (2,730 °C; 4,940 °F) [11]
Most luminous Z Andromedae B 1,500 - 9,800 L☉ [14]
Least luminous 2014
Brightest apparent Sirius B 1852 8.44 (V)
Dimmest apparent
Most massive ZTF J1901+1458[15] 2020 1.35 M☉ [15]
Least massive NLTT 11748 2007 0.13–0.16 M☉ [11]
Largest Z Andromedae B 0.17—0.16 R☉ [16]
Smallest HD 49798 2021 0.0023 R☉ [17]

Nearest

10 nearest white dwarfs
Star Distance Comments Notes Refs
Sirius B 8.58 ly (2.63 pc) Sirius B is also the second white dwarf discovered. It is part of the Sirius system. [1][2][18][19]
Procyon B 11.43 ly (3.50 pc) Part of Procyon system [18][19]
van Maanen's Star 14.04 ly (4.30 pc) [18][19]
GJ 440 15.09 ly (4.63 pc) [18]
40 Eridani B 16.25 ly (4.98 pc) Part of 40 Eridani system [18][19]
Stein 2051 B 18.06 ly (5.54 pc) Part of Stein 2051 system [18][19]
LP 44-113 20.0 ly (6.1 pc) [19]
G 99-44 20.9 ly (6.4 pc) [19]
L 97-12 25.8 ly (7.9 pc) [19]
Wolf 489 26.7 ly (8.2 pc) [19]

Other notable white dwarfs

References

  1. ^ a b c Atlas of the Universe, "The Universe within 12.5 Light Years: The Nearest Stars", Richard Powell, 30 July 2006 (accessed 2010-11-01)
  2. ^ a b c BBC News, "Hubble finds mass of white dwarf", Christine McGourty, 14 December 2005 (accessed 2010-11-01)
  3. ^ W. J. Luyten (September 1944). "Note on the Double White Dwarf L 462-56 = LDS 275". Astrophysical Journal. 100: 202. Bibcode:1944ApJ...100..202L. doi:10.1086/144658.
  4. ^ Schatzman, Évry (1958), White Dwarfs, North Holland Publishing Company, p. 2.
  5. ^ Steinn Sigurdsson; Harvey B. Richer; Brad M. Hansen; Ingrid H. Stairs; Stephen E. Thorsett (July 2003). "A Young White Dwarf Companion to Pulsar B1620-26: Evidence for Early Planet Formation". Science. 301 (5630): 193–196. arXiv:astro-ph/0307339. Bibcode:2003Sci...301..193S. doi:10.1126/science.1086326. PMID 12855802. S2CID 39446560.
  6. ^ "Looking for planets around white dwarfs". Professor Astronomy. 20 August 2010.
  7. ^ Hambsch, Franz-Josef. "Amateurs Help Discover Pulsing White Dwarf". Sky and Telescope.
  8. ^ Jason Major (5 April 2013). "Hubble Spots the Most Distant Supernova Ever". Discovery Channel.
  9. ^ "CANDELS Finds the Most Distant Type Ia Supernova Yet Observed". Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS). 23 April 2013.
  10. ^ David O. Jones; Steven A. Rodney; Adam G. Riess; Bahram Mobasher; Tomas Dahlen; Curtis McCully; Teddy F. Frederiksen; Stefano Casertano; Jens Hjorth; Charles R. Keeton; Anton Koekemoer; Louis-Gregory Strolger; Tommy G. Wiklind; Peter Challis; Or Graur; Brian Hayden; Brandon Patel; Benjamin J. Weiner; Alexei V. Filippenko; Peter Garnavich; Saurabh W. Jha; Robert P. Kirshner; Henry C. Ferguson; Norman A. Grogin; Dale Kocevski (2 April 2013). "The Discovery of the Most Distant Known Type Ia Supernova at Redshift 1.914". The Astrophysical Journal. 768 (2) (published May 2013): 166. arXiv:1304.0768. Bibcode:2013ApJ...768..166J. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/166. S2CID 118890248. 166.
  11. ^ a b c d Lacki, Brian C.; Brzycki, Bryan; Croft, Steve; Czech, Daniel; DeBoer, David; DeMarines, Julia; Gajjar, Vishal; Isaacson, Howard; Lebofsky, Matt; MacMahon, David H. E.; Price, Danny C.; Sheikh, Sofia Z.; Siemion, Andrew P. V.; Drew, Jamie; Worden, S. Pete (2021-11-24). "One of Everything: The Breakthrough Listen Exotica Catalog". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 257 (2): 42. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ac168a. ISSN 0067-0049.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  12. ^ Universitaet Tübingen (24 November 2015). "The hottest white dwarf in the Galaxy". Science Daily.
  13. ^ K. Werner; T. Rauch (29 September 2015). "Analysis of HST/COS spectra of the bare C–O stellar core H1504+65 and a high-velocity twin in the Galactic halo". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 584 (published December 2015): A19. arXiv:1509.08942. Bibcode:2015A&A...584A..19W. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527261. S2CID 118458007. A19.
  14. ^ Sokoloski, J. L.; Kenyon, S. J.; Espey, B. R.; Keyes, Charles D.; McCandliss, S. R.; Kong, A. K. H.; Aufdenberg, J. P.; Filippenko, A. V.; Li, W.; Brocksopp, C.; Kaiser, Christian R.; Charles, P. A.; Rupen, M. P.; Stone, R. P. S. (2006-01-10). "A "Combination Nova" Outburst in Z Andromedae: Nuclear Shell Burning Triggered by a Disk Instability". The Astrophysical Journal. 636 (2): 1002–1019. arXiv:astro-ph/0509638. Bibcode:2006ApJ...636.1002S. doi:10.1086/498206. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 8941207.
  15. ^ a b "A White Dwarf Living on the Edge". California Institute of Technology. 2021-06-30. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  16. ^ Sokoloski, J. L.; Kenyon, S. J.; Espey, B. R.; Keyes, Charles D.; McCandliss, S. R.; Kong, A. K. H.; Aufdenberg, J. P.; Filippenko, A. V.; Li, W.; Brocksopp, C.; Kaiser, Christian R.; Charles, P. A.; Rupen, M. P.; Stone, R. P. S. (2006-01-01). "A ``Combination Nova Outburst in Z Andromedae: Nuclear Shell Burning Triggered by a Disk Instability". The Astrophysical Journal. 636: 1002–1019. doi:10.1086/498206. ISSN 0004-637X.
  17. ^ "New X-ray observations of the hot subdwarf binary HD 49798/RX J0648.0–4418". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2023-01-08.
  18. ^ a b c d e f David Taylor (2012). "White Dwarf Stars Near The Earth" (PDF). The Life and Death of Stars. Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences - Northwestern University.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i "White dwarfs within 10 parsecs". Sol Station. 2011.
  20. ^ Caiazzo, Ilaria; Burdge, Kevin B.; Tremblay, Pier-Emmanuel; Fuller, James; Ferrario, Lilia; Gänsicke, Boris T.; Hermes, J. J.; Heyl, Jeremy; Kawka, Adela; Kulkarni, S. R.; Marsh, Thomas R.; Mróz, Przemek; Prince, Thomas A.; Richer, Harvey B.; Rodriguez, Antonio C. (2023-07-19). "A rotating white dwarf shows different compositions on its opposite faces". Nature: 1–6. arXiv:2308.07430. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06171-9. ISSN 1476-4687.
  21. ^ "Two-Faced Star Exposed". California Institute of Technology. 2023-07-19. Retrieved 2023-07-31.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to white dwarfs.
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