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The style is a narrow extension of the ovary, usually pointing upwards, connecting the ovary to the [[Stigma (botany)|stigmatic papillae]]. It may be absent in some plants; in this case, it is referred to as a sessile stigma. Styles generally resemble more or less long tubes. The style can be open (with few cells occupying the central part, or even none), featuring a central canal that may be filled with [[mucilage]]. Alternatively, the style can be closed (completely filled with cells). Most plants with [[Gynoecium|syncarpous pistils]] ([[Monocotyledon|monocotyledons]] and some [[Eudicots|eudicotys]]) have open styles, whereas many eudicots and grasses have closed (solid) styles containing specialized secretory tissues, which connect the stigma to the center of the ovary. These tissues form a nutrient-rich cord for the growth of the pollen tube.{{sfn|Rudall|2007}}
The style is a narrow extension of the ovary, usually pointing upwards, connecting the ovary to the [[Stigma (botany)|stigmatic papillae]]. It may be absent in some plants; in this case, it is referred to as a sessile stigma. Styles generally resemble more or less long tubes. The style can be open (with few cells occupying the central part, or even none), featuring a central canal that may be filled with [[mucilage]]. Alternatively, the style can be closed (completely filled with cells). Most plants with [[Gynoecium|syncarpous pistils]] ([[Monocotyledon|monocotyledons]] and some [[Eudicots|eudicotys]]) have open styles, whereas many eudicots and grasses have closed (solid) styles containing specialized secretory tissues, which connect the stigma to the center of the ovary. These tissues form a nutrient-rich cord for the growth of the pollen tube.{{sfn|Rudall|2007}}


When the pistil consists of several [[Gynoecium|carpels]], each of them may have a distinct [[Stigma (botany)|stylodium]] (pseudo-style) or share a common style. In [[Iris (plant)|Iris]] and other species of the ''[[Iridaceae]]'' family, the style divides into three "petaloid branches" (resembling petals), sometimes also called [[stylodiums]],{{sfn|Rudall|2007}} almost at the origin of the style and is called "tribrachiate". These are strips of tissue emerging from the perianth tube above the sepal. The stigma is a ridge or edge on the lower surface of the branch, near the tip of the lobes.<ref>{{Lien web|langue=en|titre=''The Anatomy of Irises''|url=http://www.herbs2000.com/flowers/i_anatomy.htm|éditeur=herbs2000.com|consulté le=27 juillet 2015}}.</ref> Branched styles also appear in the genera ''[[Dietes]]'', [[Iris (plant)|''Pardanthopsis'']], and in most species of the genus ''[[Moraea]]''.<ref name="klaus2">{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=Klaus Kubitzki (editor), H. Huber, P.J. Rudall, P.S. Stevens, T. Stützel|titre=Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales|tome=3|éditeur=Springer Science & Business Media|collection=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants|année=2013|pages totales=478|passage=305|isbn=978-3-662-03533-7|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSfrCAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>
When the pistil consists of several [[Gynoecium|carpels]], each of them may have a distinct [[Stigma (botany)|stylodium]] (pseudo-style) or share a common style. In [[Iris (plant)|Iris]] and other species of the ''[[Iridaceae]]'' family, the style divides into three "petaloid branches" (resembling petals), sometimes also called [[stylodiums]],{{sfn|Rudall|2007}} almost at the origin of the style and is called "tribrachiate". These are strips of tissue emerging from the perianth tube above the sepal. The stigma is a ridge or edge on the lower surface of the branch, near the tip of the lobes.<ref>{{cite web |access-date=27 July 2015 |language=en |publisher=herbs2000.com |title=''The Anatomy of Irises'' |url=http://www.herbs2000.com/flowers/i_anatomy.htm}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator -->.</ref> Branched styles also appear in the genera ''[[Dietes]]'', [[Iris (plant)|''Pardanthopsis'']], and in most species of the genus ''[[Moraea]]''.<ref name="klaus2">{{cite book |author1=Klaus Kubitzki (editor), H. Huber, P.J. Rudall, P.S. Stevens, T. Stützel |date=2013 |isbn=978-3-662-03533-7 |language=en |page=305 |pages totales=478 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |title=Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSfrCAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>


In ''[[Crocus]]'' species, the style is branched into three "branches," forming a tube.<ref>{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=Michael Hickey|auteur2=Clive King|titre=100 Families of Flowering Plants|éditeur=[[Cambridge University Press]]|année=1988|pages totales=619|passage=562|isbn=978-0-521-33700-7|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=LDh7fz9uToMC&printsec=frontcover}}</ref> Plants of the genus ''[[Hesperantha]]'' have a spread-out branched style. The style can also be lobed rather than branched. Plants of the genus ''[[Gladiolus]]'' have a bilobed style. In the genera ''[[Freesia]]'', ''[[Lapeirousia]]'', ''[[Romulea]]'', ''[[Savannosiphon]]'', and ''[[Watsonia (plant)|Watsonia]]'', the style has bifurcated and curved branches.<ref name="klaus3">{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=Klaus Kubitzki (editor), H. Huber, P.J. Rudall, P.S. Stevens, T. Stützel|titre=Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales|tome=3|éditeur=Springer Science & Business Media|collection=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants|année=2013|pages totales=478|passage=305|isbn=978-3-662-03533-7|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSfrCAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover}}</ref><ref name="klaus4">{{Ouvrage|langue=en|auteur1=Klaus Kubitzki (editor), H. Huber, P.J. Rudall, P.S. Stevens, T. Stützel|titre=Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales|tome=3|éditeur=Springer Science & Business Media|collection=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants|année=2013|pages totales=478|passage=305|isbn=978-3-662-03533-7|lire en ligne=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSfrCAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover}}</ref>
In ''[[Crocus]]'' species, the style is branched into three "branches," forming a tube.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Michael Hickey |author2=Clive King |date=1988 |isbn=978-0-521-33700-7 |language=en |page=562 |pages totales=619 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |title=100 Families of Flowering Plants |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LDh7fz9uToMC&printsec=frontcover}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Plants of the genus ''[[Hesperantha]]'' have a spread-out branched style. The style can also be lobed rather than branched. Plants of the genus ''[[Gladiolus]]'' have a bilobed style. In the genera ''[[Freesia]]'', ''[[Lapeirousia]]'', ''[[Romulea]]'', ''[[Savannosiphon]]'', and ''[[Watsonia (plant)|Watsonia]]'', the style has bifurcated and curved branches.<ref name="klaus3">{{cite book |author1=Klaus Kubitzki (editor), H. Huber, P.J. Rudall, P.S. Stevens, T. Stützel |date=2013 |isbn=978-3-662-03533-7 |language=en |page=305 |pages totales=478 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |title=Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSfrCAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref name="klaus4">{{cite book |author1=Klaus Kubitzki (editor), H. Huber, P.J. Rudall, P.S. Stevens, T. Stützel |date=2013 |isbn=978-3-662-03533-7 |language=en |page=305 |pages totales=478 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |series=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants |title=Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSfrCAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover}}<!-- auto-translated from French by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
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Revision as of 21:36, 6 May 2024

Diagram of a blooming flower showing the position of the style.

In botany, the style of an angiosperm flower is an organ of variable length that connects the ovary to the stigma. The style does not contain ovules; these are limited to the region of the gynoecium (female organs of the flower) called the "ovary."

Structure

The style is a narrow extension of the ovary, usually pointing upwards, connecting the ovary to the stigmatic papillae. It may be absent in some plants; in this case, it is referred to as a sessile stigma. Styles generally resemble more or less long tubes. The style can be open (with few cells occupying the central part, or even none), featuring a central canal that may be filled with mucilage. Alternatively, the style can be closed (completely filled with cells). Most plants with syncarpous pistils (monocotyledons and some eudicotys) have open styles, whereas many eudicots and grasses have closed (solid) styles containing specialized secretory tissues, which connect the stigma to the center of the ovary. These tissues form a nutrient-rich cord for the growth of the pollen tube.[1]

When the pistil consists of several carpels, each of them may have a distinct stylodium (pseudo-style) or share a common style. In Iris and other species of the Iridaceae family, the style divides into three "petaloid branches" (resembling petals), sometimes also called stylodiums,[1] almost at the origin of the style and is called "tribrachiate". These are strips of tissue emerging from the perianth tube above the sepal. The stigma is a ridge or edge on the lower surface of the branch, near the tip of the lobes.[2] Branched styles also appear in the genera Dietes, Pardanthopsis, and in most species of the genus Moraea.[3]

In Crocus species, the style is branched into three "branches," forming a tube.[4] Plants of the genus Hesperantha have a spread-out branched style. The style can also be lobed rather than branched. Plants of the genus Gladiolus have a bilobed style. In the genera Freesia, Lapeirousia, Romulea, Savannosiphon, and Watsonia, the style has bifurcated and curved branches.[5][6]

Flower of the Iris versicolor showing three overlapping two-lipped structures, an upper petaloid branching, and a lower tepal, enclosing a stamen.
Flower of Iris missouriensis showing the light blue branched style above the drooping petal.
<centerThe feathery stigma of Iris versicolor (Crocus speciosus) has three branches corresponding to the three carpels.

References

Sources

  1. ^ a b Rudall 2007.
  2. ^ "The Anatomy of Irises". herbs2000.com. Retrieved 27 July 2015..
  3. ^ Klaus Kubitzki (editor), H. Huber, P.J. Rudall, P.S. Stevens, T. Stützel (2013). Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 305. ISBN 978-3-662-03533-7. {{cite book}}: |author1= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |pages totales= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Michael Hickey; Clive King (1988). 100 Families of Flowering Plants. Cambridge University Press. p. 562. ISBN 978-0-521-33700-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |pages totales= ignored (help)
  5. ^ Klaus Kubitzki (editor), H. Huber, P.J. Rudall, P.S. Stevens, T. Stützel (2013). Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 305. ISBN 978-3-662-03533-7. {{cite book}}: |author1= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |pages totales= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Klaus Kubitzki (editor), H. Huber, P.J. Rudall, P.S. Stevens, T. Stützel (2013). Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons : Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales and Ericales. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 305. ISBN 978-3-662-03533-7. {{cite book}}: |author1= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |pages totales= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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